Hyaline Area Research Articles

ORAL SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR: MORPHOLOGIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FINDINGS

Solitary fibrous tumor is an uncommon benign mesenchymal lesion. A 91-year-old male patient complained of an asymptomatic papule, reddish, pediculated, on the lateral border of the tongue, measuring 1.5 cm. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnostic hypothesis of fibrous hyperplasia was considered. Microscopically, a circumscribed lesion was observed, with mesenchymal cells proliferation of variable morphology, with hypercellular and hypocellular areas. There was also ramifying vascular network, sometimes with a staghorn configuration, and the fibrous stroma exhibited focal areas of hyalinization. For the purposes of differential diagnosis, an immunohistochemical panel was performed. The positivity for vimentin, CD34, Bcl-2, and CD99, associated with lack of expression of S100, α–smooth muscle actin, CD68, and desmin led to the histopathologic diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor. This case emphasizes the importance of immunohistochemical technique together with histopathologic features for the correct diagnosis of mesenchymal lesions.

PILOMATRICOMA IN JUGAL MUCOSA

A 11-year-old male patient reported a hardness in the cheek. In the anamnesis, a palpable hard nodular lesion was observed in the jugal mucosa, slightly mobile, painless, and of unknown evolution. In the ectoscopic examination, nothing was initially identified. The oroscopic examination revealed a sessile nodule, covered by healthy mucosa, asymptomatic in the left jugal mucosa. The patient was human immunodeficiency virus negative, IgM for toxoplasmosis negative, and IgG positive and also had normal blood count. Ultrasonography of the area revealed a hypoechoic image with internal calcification. The first hypothesis was calcification of the lymph node or benign neoplasm with calcification. FNA biopsy revealed the presence of a hemorrhagic condition, hyaline areas suggestive of calcification with cells with granular cytoplasm in panoptic. The excision of the nodule was made and revealed cornified material and phantom cells, therefore closing the diagnosis of pilomatricoma. Currently, the patient is in a follow-up without relapse.

Majewskaea gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new marine benthic diatom genus from the Adriatic Sea

During a survey of the diatom flora attached to carapaces of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Adriatic Sea, a large population of an unknown marine achnanthoid species was observed that could not be assigned to any of the currently described monoraphid diatom genera. Detailed morphological analysis based on scanning electron microscopy observations and comparison with a large number of monoraphid genera such as Madinithidium, Scalariella, Kolbesia and Karayevia, resulted in the description of the new benthic marine genus Majewskaea gen. nov. with the newly described Majewskaea istriaca sp. nov. as generitype. The new genus is characterized by a sternum valve showing a clear recurving ridge surrounding the entire valve margin, the presence of macroareolae closed internally by perforated hymenes, separated by a longitudinal hyaline area, a well-developed sternum and vestigial raphe slits. The raphe valve has a simple straight raphe with bent terminal fissures, a very fine striation pattern composed of macroareolae cut in two by a longitudinal hyaline zone, and a very shallow mantle. The new genus is illustrated using both LM and SEM observations and compared with other resembling marine and brackish Planothidium monoraphid species.

Ficophagus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from sycones of Ficus subgenus Urostigma, sections Malvanthera and Urostigma, in eastern Australia

Summary Ficophagus from collecting trips in eastern Australia, made over 15 years, are summarised and show that species of the genus occurred widely in sycones of Ficus, subgenus Urostigma, section Malvanthera. Two new species (based on morphological differences and molecular sequencing) are described: Ficophagus elizabethae sp. n. from Ficus macrophylla, F. rubiginosa and F. obliqua, and Ficophagus richardi sp. n. from Ficus obliqua; and a morphospecies, Ficophagus Morphospecies malandicus from Ficus obliqua. Ficophagus elizabethae sp. n. is characterised by having the excretory pore (EP) opening from the level of the junction of the conus and shaft of the stylet to that of the knobs, a relatively long procorpus (1.0-2.5 times length of stylet), female tail with an obliquely truncate tail with a hyaline area and a finely to broadly rounded tip which may be mucronate; post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) ca one vulval body diam. (VBD) in length; rose-thorn-shaped spicule with distinct rostrum and prominent condylus; and genital papillae arranged as largest pair adcloacal, second pair posterior to mid-tail length, and third small pair near tail tip; and was collected from Sydney in New South Wales, to Bundaberg in Queensland (QLD). Ficophagus richardi sp. n. is characterised by having the EP opening at the level of the junction of the stylet shaft and conus, a labial cap which is raised around the opening for the stylet; procorpus 0.8-1.7 times length of the stylet, PUS <1 VBD in length, long uterus, and female tail with a V-shaped hyaline area at the bluntly rounded tip; rose-thorn-shaped spicule with a small rostrum and prominent condylus, three pairs genital papillae, first and largest on anterior cloacal lip, second at 70% of tail length measured from cloacal aperture, and third near tip, and was collected from Ban Ban Springs in the south to the Bundaberg region in the mid-north of QLD. In addition, in the absence of pertinent molecular sequences, a morphospecies is described. Ficophagus Morphospecies malandicus is characterised by having the EP opening anterior to the junction of the stylet conus and shaft, procorpus 0.9-2 times length of stylet, a short PUS usually <1 VBD long, short uterus, rose-thorn-shaped spicule with a raised condylus and prominent rostrum, and three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one adcloacal, one posterior to mid-tail and one near tail tip); and was collected from the Atherton Tableland, QLD. A table comparing morphological characteristics is provided to help with identification of Ficophagus nematodes from figs of the section Malvanthera in eastern Australia.

<p><strong>A new marine epiphytic diatom species, <em>Halamphora yundangensis</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), from Yundang Lake, Southeast coast of China</strong></p>

Halamphora yundangensis sp. nov. is described as a new species epiphytic on the green seaweed Ulva lactuca, from Yundang Lake, Fujian Province, China. Morphological details of the new species with respect to shape, size and valve ultrastructure are presented, with observations based on light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The main features of Halamphora yundangensis are dorsiventral, semi-lanceolate valves with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin, as well as valve ends distinctly protracted and capitate. Externally, a prominent marginal ridge forming the image of a broad hyaline area is present. Internally, dorsal striae are regularly biseriate, and a row of areolae lies along raphe. The new species is compared with similar species in both Amphora and Halamphora.

Analysis and critical evaluation of structural features in four Cymbellaceae taxa from New Caledonia

Delicatophycus costei (Lange-Bertalot et Moser) Wynne, Cymbella bourrellyi Maillard, Cymbella latarea Maillard and Cymbella pernodensis Maillard are endemic to New Caledonia and show uncommon morphological features compared to the sensu stricto definition of their respective genus. Delicatophycus costei was described based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, confirming the generic LM diagnosis. However, the external view in SEM is atypical as both valve face and mantle are covered by longitudinal ribs, overlaying part of the zig-zag striae, generally accepted as the determinant generic feature. The three species of Cymbella have both apical pore fields and stigmata. However, they show some specific morphological features compared to the more classically shaped Cymbella species. Cymbella bourrellyi has a narrow hyaline area on the valve face and the areolae are bordered internally by small outgrowths. Cymbella pernodensis is distinguished by internal biseriate striae. The internal morphology of Cymbella latarea is characteristic in having typical biseriate striae and bisected apical pore fields. In these three species, internally, the stigmata are continuous with the striae and appear as simple and only weakly separated structures at the end of the striae. The three species are also characterized by differences in the number of areola rows per stria externally and internally.

Description of Heterodera microulae sp. n. (Nematoda: Heteroderinae) from China - a new cyst nematode in the Goettingiana group.

A new cyst-forming nematode, Heterodera microulae sp. n., was isolated from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Microula sikkimensis in China. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by lemon-shaped body with an extruded neck and obtuse vulval cone. The vulval cone of the new species appeared to be ambifenestrate without bullae and a weak underbridge. The second-stage juveniles have a longer body length with four lateral lines, strong stylets with rounded and flat stylet knobs, tail with a comparatively longer hyaline area, and a sharp terminus. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-rDNA, D2-D3 of 28S rDNA, and COI sequences revealed that the new species formed a separate clade from other Heterodera species in Goettingiana group, which further support the unique status of H. microulae sp. n. Therefore, it is described herein as a new species of genus Heterodera; additionally, the present study provided the first record of Goettingiana group in Gansu Province, China.

PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA OF MINOR SALIVARY GLAND IN THE BUCCAL MUCOSA: A CASE REPORT

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland neoplasm, affecting mainly the parotid gland. It affects individuals within a wide age range, with a slight predilection for the female sex. A-43-year-old woman presented with a single asymptomatic normochromic nodule in the buccal mucosa that appeared 3 years earlier. The diagnostic hypotheses were fibroma and PA. The lesion was biopsied, and the histopathologic analysis revealed a benign neoplasm characterized by proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, forming islands and ductal structures in a stroma with fibrous and hyaline areas. The final diagnosis was PA, and the tumor was surgically removed. The patient remains under follow-up, and there are no signs of relapse. This case shows that PA can occur in the minor salivary glands and emphasizes its differential diagnosis with other tumors.

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF 2 CASES OF SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor that usually occurs in the pleura, but it is extremely rarely in the oral cavity. It presents an extensive microscopic diversity that may turn the diagnosis into a challenge. This is the report of 2 new cases of SFT in the buccal mucosa and tongue highlighting the clinical, microscopic, and immunohistochemical variations. The study included 2 women at 49 and 80 years old. Clinically, they were slow-growing, painless, small, well-defined submucosal masses. Microscopic examination showed well-circumscribed spindle cell proliferations associated with alternating dense hyalinization areas and characteristic stag horn-shaped blood vessels in variable arrangements. Immunohistochemistry showed consistently positivity for CD34 and vimentin, alternating positivity for Bcl-2 and epithelial membrane antigen and negativity for S-100. Patients are well with no recurrence or relapse.

CLEAR CELL AMELOBLASTIC CARCINOMA. A CASE REPORT

Objective To report a case of ameloblastic carcinoma with onset in the lower jaw, showing histological traits as well as immunological profile with molecular markers expression and tumor proliferation. Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor combining ameloblastoma's histological features with malignant cytological traits. We hereby present the case report of a 62 year old female who was referred to the Oral Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM): The patient exhibited a swollen area in the anterior section of the lower jaw with destruction of cortical bone and displacement of anterior teeth; lesion was a nodular and ulcerated mass. Radiographic imaging revealed a poorly circumscribed radiolucent lesion in the anterior section of the mandible. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen revealed a lesion with proliferation of polygonal and cylindrical cells arranged in an hypercellular solid mass, with presence of abundant mitotic figures as well as some areas with necrosis. Some hyalinization areas in connective tissue were found along with islands of abundant glycogen-rich cells, positive to PAS. Neoplastic cells were nuclear for beta-catenin amelogenin and 40% for ki67 Discussion AC is an aggressive, malignant neoplasm with onset in the jaws, it can arise de novo or be secondary to the malignant transformation of a pre-existing ameloblastoma. Presence of clear cells is extremely rare; immunohistochemical analysis confirmed presence of glycogen. Metaplasia of clear cells n this tumor has not been reported as prognostic factor, nevertheless, it is and indicator of the lesion's morphological diversity. Conclusion Reports of ameloblastic carcinoma with clear cells are rare, nevertheless, long-term follow-up of ameloblastoma is of the utmost importance bearing in mind that these are aggressive tumors with high recurrence to malignify.

Histomorphological comparison of pleomorphic adenoma in major and minor salivary glands of oral cavity: A comparative study.

Background and Objectives:Pleomorphic adenoma, being the most common benign tumors of salivary gland, is morphologically characterized by a biphasic pattern containing the epithelial and mesenchymal components. The modified myoepithelial cells present are thought to play an important role in its histologic diversity by the formation of extracellular matrix. The aim of the present study was to observe, compare and correlate the histomorphological diversity of epithelial and stromal components along with different morphological cell types of modified myoepithelial cells.Materials and Method:Histomorphological features were compared in twenty cases of pleomorphic adenoma of major salivary glands and twenty cases of minor salivary glands using hematoxylin and eosin stains. The features were analyzed by observing under the light microscope.Results:Statistical analysis showed significance of plasmacytoid cells, and squamous metaplasia was extensive with formation of keratin cyst-like structure resembling cystic pleomorphic adenoma, in minor salivary gland tumors.Conclusion:Plasmacytoid cells, squamous cells and areas of hyalinization were observed predominantly in major salivary gland tumors compared to minor salivary glands. Keratin pearls were predominant in minor salivary gland tumors.

Didymodon buckii (Pottiaceae), a new moss species from the Neotropics

Didymodon buckii J.A.Jimenez & M.J.Cano is described as a new species from central Peru and northwestern Argentina. It is readily distinguished from all congeners by having bistratose to tetrastratose leaf margins from the apex to near the base and long-cylindric, thickened and deciduous leaf apices that are strongly channeled ventrally. Additionally, the new moss is characterized by its linear-oblong leaves, papillose distal laminal cells, and costa with a hyaline area of rectangular cells on the distal ventral surface and with ventral stereids below midleaf. Drawings and light microscope photographs of the main characters are given, and possible confusion with other closely related taxa is discussed. Distribution of the new species is mapped.

Cocconeis cascadensis, a new monoraphid diatom from mountain streams in Northern California, USA

A new diatom species, Cocconeis cascadensis, is reported from streams in the Southern Cascade Mountain Range in California (USA). Light and scanning electron microscopy reveals morphological novelties related to the structure of the areolae on the sternum valve, which are surrounded externally by crater-like depressions, as well as apically elongated bumps in the submarginal hyaline area of the raphe valve. The valve morphology of the coarsely striated taxa, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata, C. pseudolineata and C. neodiminuta from the studied streams, and C. disculus from freshwaters in Europe, is presented for comparison. The newly described species possesses a unique combination of morphological features, representing an intermediary between the more complex valve ultrastructure of marine Cocconeis taxa and the freshwater members of the C. placentula species complex, with simple slit-like areolae. Cocconeis cascadensis inhabits cold-water mountain streams with low conductivity, low nutrients and low dissolved organic carbon concentrations.

Effect of different types of force on the amount of tooth movement, hyaline areas, and root resorption in rats

Abstract Aims: This study evaluated the effects of using continuous, continuous interrupted, and intermittent forces on the roots and periodontal ligaments in the first molars of rats. Materials and Methods: The right first molars of 54 Wistar rats were moved with continuous force (CF group), continuous interrupted force (CIF group), or intermittent force (IF group) for 5, 7, and 9 days. Ankylosed incisors were used as anchors for the orthodontic tooth movement. To establish the different types of force, NiTi springs of 50 cN were maintained, deactivated, or removed for certain periods. Amounts of tooth movement, hyaline areas, and root resorption levels were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey’s test with a significance level of 5%. Results: There was no difference in the amount of tooth movement between the CF and CIF groups, which differed significantly from the IF group. The CF group demonstrated a significant formation of hyaline areas, nearly 5 times more, mainly on the fifth day. Conclusions: Continuous force produced more hyaline areas with greater probability of generating root resorption. Continuous interrupted force enabled better periodontal ligament repair and more efficient elimination of hyaline areas.

Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: a Clinical Case Report

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma, a rare odontogenic tumor, occurs predominantly in the posterior mandible during the fifth to seventh decades of life, with a predilection for females. A 74-year-old woman was referred for investigation of a nodular lesion in the right buccal mucosa, which appeared sessile, ulcerated, reddish in color, with precise limits, asymptomatic, and with a 6-month evolution. After a clinical examination, the panoramic radiography revealed osseous reabsorption in the corresponding lesion area. An incisional biopsy and histopathology of the buccal mucosa revealed an odontogenic neoplasm characterized by a fibrous stroma showing islets of epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm, prominent cell membranes, and irregular basophilic nuclei; hyperchromatic basal cell cords with little cytoplasm; and ameloblastomatous islets. In addition, the fibrous connective tissue exhibited some areas of hyalinization. With a histopathological diagnosis of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma, the patient was referred to the National Cancer Institute for treatment.

RANKL concentrations in early orthodontic treatment using passive self-ligating and preadjusted edgewise appliance bracket systems

The receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) is a cytokine that helps remodel bone by forming osteoclasts. During tooth movement phases, osteoclasts resorb the hyalinization areas of alveolar bone, triggering tooth movement. We determined the differences in RANKL concentrations in early orthodontic treatment between preadjusted edgewise appliances (PEA) and self-ligating (SL) bracket systems. Gingival crevicular fluid was retrieved before treatment and at 1, 24, and 168 hours after treatment from five maxillary anterior proximal sites on the mesiolabial side of the upper right-to-left canines. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine RANKL concentrations. The results showed differences in RANKL concentrations between the SL and PEA groups at 1, 24, and 168 hours after bracket insertion. The RANKL concentration at 168 hours in the SL group was higher compared to that in the PEA group, whereas that in the PEA group decreased to the baseline value after 24 hours. RANKL concentration in the passive SL bracket system was higher compared to that in the PEA system due to differences in the force and mechanotherapy of the SL brackets.

Achnanthidium longissimum sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new diatom species from Jiuzhai Valley, Southwestern China

A new freshwater species, Achnanthidium longissimum sp. nov., is described from Jiuzhai Valley, Sichuan Province (Southwest China), based on light and scanning electron microscopy. This species belongs to the ‘Achnanthidium pyrenaicum complex’, based on having transpically elongated areolae and deflected distal raphe fissures. Achnanthidium longissimum sp. nov. possesses a unique combination of features that includes having the longest valves in the genus (nearly 50 µm long), capitate ends, and raphe vestiges near the apices of the rapheless valve. Furthermore, the mantle has a single row of linear areolae, and a narrow hyaline area at the valve face – mantle junction on both valves. Achnanthidium longissimum is compared with morphologically similar species. The new species is known from epilithic and epiphytic collections from three alkaline lakes in Jiuzhai Valley.

Placental Pathology in Severe Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Since placenta is the functional unit between the mother and fetus examination of placenta can give an idea about prenatal experience of fetus. The aim is to observe the morphology and histopathology of placenta in pregnancy with severe preeclampsia / eclampsia between 20-42 weeks of gestation.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Pathology at Institute of Medicine, Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, TUTH for one year, starting from 15th May 2015 - 14th May 2016. A total 55 placentas, 48 of severe preeclampsia and 7 of eclampsia were collected and placental morphometric parameters, gross and histopathological features were examined.Results: It was found that placental morphometric parameters were significantly reduced. Histopathological study showed significant number of syncytial knots, areas of fibrinoid necrosis, hyalinization and calcification. These placental findings were associated with significantly decreased weight of fetus at birth.Conclusions: Preeclampsia and eclampsia cause significant placental morphometric and histological changes which in turn adversely affects neonatal birth weight.Nepalese Medical Journal, vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 32-35

Root morphology can be a risk factor for periodontal damage and root resorption in orthodontic movement

Aim: The study evaluated, using histomorphometry, the percentage of hyaline area in periodontal ligament (PDL) and root resorption in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Methods: Ten rats were divided into two groups. G3 Group (n=5), with 3 days of OTM and G7 Group (n=5), with 7 days of OTM. A Control Group (n=5) consisted of contralateral teeth of each animal, which were not moved. Maxillary left first molar was moved, using stainless steel spring connected to the incisors with 40g force. Microscopic analysis was done in transversal sections of the mesiovestibular (MV) and distovestibular (DV) roots in the cervical level. Results: There was a PDL hyaline area in the DV root of 6.2% in G3 and 1.8% in G7. The root resorption area in G7 was 0.9%. On MV root and Control Group were not found occurrences of hyaline areas in PDL and no root resorption. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it might be concluded that smaller roots showed higher frequency of hyaline areas and root resorption.

Recurrent female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin treated with debulking surgery, imatinib and paclitaxel/carboplatin combination chemotherapy: A case report.

In view of the small number of recurrent and metastatic cases of female adnexal tumors of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO), there is a distinct lack of evidence to support recommendations regarding treatment. In the present study, a 37-year-old female was diagnosed with a left adnexal tumor and underwent a left salpingo-oophorectomy (SO). The tumor was found to arise from the left tubal fimbria and extend to the posterior leaf of the broad ligament. Pathological examination identified a number of solid, tubular and cystic architectures, with areas of hyalinization, hemorrhage and necrosis. Immunohistochemistry detected that the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK)7, vimentin, inhibin and calretinin, and negative for CK20, epithelial membrane antigen, and the estrogen and progesterone receptors. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with FATWO. Following 15 months, the patient developed recurrent tumors and subsequently underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, a right SO and extirpation of the disseminated tumors, but with incomplete debulking. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for KIT. As there are a limited number of treatment options and few reported cases, limiting the therapy recommendations, imatinib mesylate was administered for 6 months and the tumors were temporarily stabilized for 4 months until the disease progressed. The patient underwent a further debulking surgery that did not achieve complete debulking and was subsequently administered a combination chemotherapy of paclitaxel and carboplatin. This regimen resulted in an almost complete response after 10 cycles. The tumors continued to decrease in size, and the tumors in the left side of the Douglas pouch and the right para-colic gutter were no longer detectable. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to report carboplatin and paclitaxel combination therapy demonstrating a response of this degree to recurrent FATWO following the failure of imatinib treatment. However, surgical debulking remains the most effective treatment for FATWO when is it is possible. The precise role of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular-targeting therapy in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic FATWO remains to be elucidated, and therefore, novel strategies to overcome this disease must be prioritized.