Areas Of Human Activity Research Articles

A system for finding identical geometries when building 3-D models

In today's fast-paced world of technology, where innovation plays a crucial role in our daily lives, the importance of search engines for identical models cannot be overstated. Every day, technological progress is becoming an integral part of our existence, penetrating various aspects of our lives. In this context, the search and identification of identical or similar 3D models become particularly relevant and become an integral part of innovative technologies. This article is an in-depth study in the field of creating and describing a mathematical model to search for similar 3D models. Developed using advanced comparison algorithms, this model has enormous potential and can be used in a variety of fields. It is important to emphasize that it is not limited to just one area of application, but finds its application in many areas of human activity. The application of such algorithms is important in various fields, including automated manufacturing, where accuracy and speed of component identification and classification are critical. They also find use in archaeology, where they help in the analysis and study of artifacts and structures. Architecture is also seeing great benefit from these innovations, allowing for more complex and detailed 3D models to be created for design and visualization. The new approach presented in the paper is based on an optimized matching algorithm that enables accurate recognition of geometric structures associated with 3D models without complex data preprocessing or image enhancement. This is a significant step forward in improving the efficiency and accuracy of identifying similar 3D models, even in low-resolution images. However, the application of this model is not limited to these areas. Its integration into real-time systems allows for the identification and classification of both individual 3D objects and complex 3D scenes created from image or video sequences. This is of great importance for the development of virtual and augmented reality technologies, where a high degree of detail and identification is necessary to create captivating and realistic visual effects. Thus, the presented mathematical model and the corresponding software open up enormous prospects for us in various fields. This is an important step forward in the development of technologies related to computer vision and image processing, as well as in the field of virtual and augmented reality, promoting progress and innovation

Capacity Building for Farming System Digitalization Using Farming Management System

Agriculture is one of the most important areas of human activity around the world. As the population increases, it is necessary to increase agricultural production. In the age of information technology, information plays a key role in people's lives. Agriculture is rapidly becoming a highly development-intensive industry where farmers need to collect and evaluate a large amount of information in their business processes to become more efficient in production and communicate information accordingly. Modernizing agriculture requires technological know-how for the efficient use of agricultural inputs. It deals with factors such as ecological footprint, product safety, labor welfare, nutritional responsibility, plant/animal health and welfare, economic responsibility and local market presence. They cover almost all stages in the production chain concerning day-to-day agricultural tasks, transactional activities for all stakeholders involved, and support for information transparency in the food chain. The use of information technology and network infrastructure currently enables the application of technology in agricultural business processes, but there is no standardized solution to enable interoperability and integration among services and stakeholders. Farming Management System (FMS) is expected to be a solution and standard in the use of technology in agriculture. Farming management system is a management system specifically designed to assist farmers or farm managers in managing their farming operations more efficiently and effectively. This system usually consists of integrated software and hardware to monitor and collect data from various aspects of agriculture, such as irrigation, fertilization, pesticide spraying, etc.

Reinforcement Learning Methods and Algorithms for Modeling Individual Trajectories of Professional Development

Corporate human capital is one of the most important drivers of sustainable economic growth that is becoming increasingly important under changing nature of work. Due to the expansion of various areas of human activity, an employee portrait is getting multifaceted. Therefore, the problem of human capital management based on the individual trajectories of professional development, aimed at increasing the labor efficiency and contributing to the growth of he corporate operational efficiency, is relevant, timely, socially and economically significant. The paper proposes an approach for the dynamic regimes for human capital development (DRHC), to design individual trajectories for the employees professional development, based on reinforcement learning methods. The DRHC develops an optimal management regime as a set of programs aimed at developing an employee in the professional field, taking into account their individual characteristics (health quality, major and interdisciplinary competencies, motivation and social capital). The DRHC architecture consists of an environment — an employee model as a Markov decision making process and an agent — decision making center of a company. The DRHC uses Double Deep Q-Network algorithms to maximize the agents utility function. The implementation of the proposed by DRHC policies would enhance the corporate HC quality, improve its resource efficiency and ensure the performance growth

Project Portfolio Management in a Multi-project Environment

Creating a portfolio of projects is an important scientific and practical task that applies to all areas of human activity, and the field of information technology is no exception. Research has shown that there are multiple approaches to solving this task, each characterized by certain features. Known methods of resource allocation have been analyzed, classified, and shown to be primarily related to linear programming problems, resource distribution matrices, or based on empirical knowledge. The project portfolio formation model was presented as a fuzzy problem of integer linear programming. A structural approach was used to depict the functioning principles of the system and information flows. An analysis was conducted, and development tools were selected. The outcome of the work resulted in a prototype of the software. Further research will focus on verifying the system's performance and constructing related modules.

Study of research competencies in bachelor's mathematics education

Relevance. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that research competencies in the mathematics education of future lawyers constitute knowledge, skills and attitudes that contribute to personal self-actualisation, activate their educational position, and help in the process of social integration. All research competencies are interdependent because they share common features - critical thinking, creativity, proactivity, problem solving, the ability to assess risks, make good decisions, and manage emotions constructively. They provide students with greater flexibility, enabling them to adapt more quickly to the rapid changes in a world of increasingly complex relationships between different areas of human activity. Such skills for future lawyers are a major factor in innovation, productivity and competitiveness, which affect motivation, satisfaction and quality of work. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to examine aspects of acquiring research competencies in bachelor's mathematics education and to determine the level of mathematical literacy among future lawyers. The obligation to create optimal conditions for the development of research competencies in mathematics education according to their abilities, refers to broadly defined education. Their role is to develop the learner's overall ability to cope with a changing reality. Methodology. Education should be personalised, especially in terms of acquiring skills for effective and systematic lifelong learning. Results. The complex nature of today's reality requires constantly evolving knowledge, which can be acquired through information and modern technology. It is important for a law student to acquire reasoning and argumentation skills in addition to the necessary knowledge and subject skills in mathematics education. They are designed to make it easier for students to understand the world around them, to enrich their knowledge in different areas, and to improve their learning of new ones. Conclusions. The practical significance lies in determining the level of quality of research competence acquisition and mathematical literacy of future lawyers.

Opportunities and Advantages of the Ukrainian Technology Market «Smart Home»

. Comfort has always been one of the drivers of progress, forcing people to invent new devices to make life easier. The increase in the number of devices connected to the Internet has triggered an escalation of the IoT revolution. The Internet of Things combines software and hardware capable of tracking and remotely controlling various processes in the areas of human activity: smart transportation, environmental protection, government work, public safety, industry, daily life, education, healthcare, etc. The constant development of IoT technology makes it more intelligent, creative, and convenient. The modern world is constantly transforming due to technological innovations, and one of the most relevant technologies today is the smart home. According to Policy Advice, the global IoT market will reach $520 billion by 2027. Technology has reached a point where people are ready to embrace this lifestyle. In the Ukrainian reality, there are a number of problems that, on the one hand, slow down the growth of the smart home market, and on the other hand, create prospects for development. This paper analyzes the Ukrainian technology market, which will help to better understand how the smart home is becoming an important part of our everyday life and economy, which is extremely important in the context of the development of modern society. The article examines the smart home technology market and its prospects. The opportunities and advantages of the smart home market for Ukraine are considered. The development of this market can have a positive impact on the economy, in particular through the creation of new jobs, increased production efficiency and increased competitiveness in the global market. Given the significant growth in demand for such products, the market is being flooded with offers of smart home solutions, and competition between manufacturers is increasing, which has a positive impact on the range of innovative products. To predict the direction of IoT technology development, let's analyze the facts available to us.

ЭНТРОПИЯ В НАУКЕ, ТЕХНИКЕ И В ЖИЗНИ

The historical background for the emergence and development of the concept of entropy was discussed in the paper. An analysis is made of how entropy from a narrow area of physics relat-ed to the operation of heat engines expended into other various areas of human activity

Estimating the Potential of Insects from Warmer Regions to Overwinter in Colder Regions under a Warming Winter Scenario Using Simulation Experiments: A Case Study in Sesamia nonagrioides.

Ongoing climate change and anthropogenic pressure are having a profound influence on insects, causing species diversity to decline and populations to shrink. Insect pests invade new areas and cause economic and human health problems. Low temperatures in winter are thought to be one of the main barriers to the successful colonization of higher latitudes. Climate models predict that winter temperatures will increase more than summer temperatures in temperate and polar regions, potentially allowing species from warmer climates to colonize higher latitudes. Understanding how climate change will affect the distribution of insects is critical to many areas of human activity. One possible but seldom used way to predict likely range shifts of insects due to climate change is through simulation experiments. Here, I present and test a method to assess the potential of insect species from warmer regions to survive winters in colder regions under a warming winter scenario. The method is based on laboratory simulations of warming winters. The applicability of the method is demonstrated using the example of a Mediterranean pest, Sesamia nonagrioides, whose ability to survive Central European winters under a warming winter scenario is assessed. The method presented here is relatively simple, with potentially high accuracy of estimates.

Investigation of Wear Resistance of Polyamide PA6 Based Composite Materials for Metal - Polymer Plain Bearings and Gears

Metal-polymer plain bearings and gears are becoming increasingly used in many areas of human activity. The wear resistance of one group of such materials - unreinforced polyamides PA6, PA66, and composites with fillers РА6+30GF, РА6+30CF, РА6+MoS2, РА6+Оil was studied. To determine their wear resistance indicators the author's method of model triboexperimental research according to the scheme of end friction at dry sliding friction paired with carbon steel (0.45%C) is used. According to the determined wear resistance indicators, are calculated as the basic parameters of the author's mathematical model of materials’ wear kinetics at sliding friction and the analytical method of the research of specified friction units. Based to the research, polymeric materials’ wear resistance diagrams are plotted as graphical indicators of wear resistance in the accepted range of specific friction forces. The qualitative and quantitative influence of the type and structure of the fillers on the wear resistance has been established. Qualitatively, the nature of the change in wear resistance of the indicated types of polyamides is similar, quantitatively the difference is significantly differentiated. It was found that PA6+Oil has the highest wear resistance compared to the РA6. It consistently increases in the following sequence: PA66, РA6+30GF, РA6+MoS2, РA6+30CF, РA6+Oil.

Detection of mechanically transmitted bacteria by <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Musca domestica</em> (Diptera: Muscidae) in Malabe Medical Officer of Health (MOH) Division, Sri Lanka

House flies (Musca domestica) have been identified as a mechanical vector, transmitting a range of infectious diseases, including cholera, shigellosis, salmonellosis, and skin infections. They live closely with human and domestic animals and are frequently found in areas of human activities. The present study was conducted to identify the pathogenic microbes potentially transmitted by houseflies since the related knowledge is not available in Sri Lankan settings. Houseflies were collected from the Malabe Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area from September - December 2022 using a prepared bait trap. Collected houseflies were identified up to the species level using standard identification keys. They were sacrificed using a cold shock and were washed in microcentrifuge tubes to collect the bacteria on their outer surface, in 250 µL sterile PBS. A dilution series (100- 10-7) was made from the original wash, and 200 µL from each dilution was plated on Plate Count Agar and pure cultures for each microbe were obtained. The isolated microbes were identified by performing Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. Acinetobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Serratia spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia spp. were identified and presumed as mechanically transmitted bacteria from houseflies. The most abundant bacterium was Staphylococcus sp. 2 (36.303%), followed by Escherichia sp. (21.452%) and Pseudomonas sp. (17.162%), while other bacteria were present in fewer proportions. The identified genera of the bacteria include some potential pathogenic bacterial species, which could cause mild to severe illnesses. Hence, the findings of the present study emphasized the importance of control measures for houseflies and community awareness programs to reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ТА МЕТОДІВ ГЛИБОКОГО НАВЧАННЯ В ХМАРНИХ ОБЧИСЛЕННЯХ

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being implemented in many applications in various sectors such as healthcare, education, security and other areas of human activity. Recently, there has been a rapid development of cloud computing technologies, which has led to the introduction of artificial intelligence into cloud computing to improve and optimize the technological services provided. The deployment of artificial intelligence in cloud applications has led to the creation of autonomous computing, with the help of which systems achieve the declared results without human intervention. Despite the amount of research on autonomous computing, the work of implementing AI in cloud computing to improve its performance and resource allocation remains a fundamental challenge. Our research highlights the various manifestations, roles, trends and challenges associated with AI-based cloud computing models. Future directions for the use of AI in next-generation computing for new computing paradigms such as cloud environments are proposed. The application of algorithms and methods based on artificial intelligence, cost savings, automation, reduction of energy consumption and solving complex problems of cloud computing are the main conclusions presented in our article.

The Content and Methodological Features of Professionally Oriented Training of Engineering Students in Higher Mathematics

This study reveals the content and methodological features of professionally oriented training of engineering students in higher mathematics. The authors provide examples of applied tasks for students of different technical specialities. The relevance of this article is determined by the fact that a modern higher educational institution sets itself the task of providing graduates with a certain set of competencies, as well as a set of acquired knowledge and skills. Thus, young people in their future life can easily navigate in terms of professional development. Nothing prevents them from easily adapting to the constantly changing social and economic conditions, meeting the current needs of the personnel market. All this allows building a competent process of training future specialists. Young engineers can build mutual understanding, cooperate with representatives of other industries, since solving complex problems and conducting joint research requires, first of all, the presence of a solid foundation consisting of natural science and mathematical disciplines, the establishment of which should take place within the framework of a higher educational institution. It is for this reason that one of the most significant problems should be identified related to the mathematical training of students of technical higher educational institutions. The purpose of the study is to identify and clarify the content and methodological features of professional training of engineering students in higher mathematics. Mathematics has a special and priority place among other sciences studied at the university. The modern course of mathematics is based on a highly developed logical and computational apparatus. Without the current achievements in the field of mathematics, there would be no high technologies that are everywhere today and are found in all areas of human activity without exception. The methods and ideas of mathematics are widely used in the cycle of technical disciplines. Mathematics, due to its inherent applied capabilities, is used in natural science and engineering research.

Родентициди як основа дератизації: загальна характеристика, класифікація, механізми дії, особливості застосування та перспективи (огляд літературних даних)

The aim of work is to analyze the current state of the use of rodenticides to control rodents in various areas of human activity, as well as prospects for improving rodenticides. Materials and methods of research: bibliosemantic, bibliographic and analytical methods of research. The research materials were foreign research articles. Research results and discussion. Various methods are used around the world to directly control rodent populations or reduce the damage caused by them. These methods include physical (traps, barriers), chemical (toxic baits, fumigants, repellents), biological/cultural (resistant plants, crop type, sanitation, habitat manipulation). The use of chemicals for rodent control has been practiced for almost a century and is common today. Most rodenticides used today are anticoagulants, which prevent blood clotting. The biological effectiveness of rodent control is determined not only by the toxicity of the rodenticide drug, but also by many other conditions that are closely related to the biological characteristics of the development of rodents. All rodenticides are enteric drugs. The mechanism of toxic effects of drugs in this group is different and is determined by the active substances on the basis of which they are made. The article presents various approaches to the classification of rodenticides and describes the ways of their impact on target and non-target animal species. The risk and toxicity of the most commonly used rodenticides, which have different chemical compositions and can have a wide range of clinical manifestations, are also assessed. The amount of bait that constitutes a lethal dose depends on the toxicity of the poison and the severity of the person. Conclusion: among the prospects for the further use of rodenticides, the leading place is occupied by the development of an “ideal rodenticide”, highly toxic to rodents in small quantities, non-toxic to non-target species and allows to avoid fear of the bait in rodents and, accordingly, rejection of it.

Prospects of the sustainable development concept, the importance of its high-quality implementation in the logistics sphere

The issues of environmental pollution, depletion of natural resources and climate change gained a global scale. They are beginning to concern more and more people, pushing humanity to search for new ideas that can solve them qualitatively, or at least slow down their pace. The negative consequences that we can clearly see today in all corners of the world are a direct result of the long-term ignorance of these problems in the past. To continue our development as if human activity does not cause any harm to the environment and the earth's resources are infinite is simply impossible. Understanding of this obvious fact led to the formation and step-by-step improvement of the modern concept of sustainable development. It is especially important for logistics and management. Today, the logistics industry in one way or another covers all areas of human activity. It is simply impossible to imagine our life without reliable logistics, the whole modern economy relies on it, its overall quality, flexibility and speed. The logistics sphere connects a huge number of different enterprises, companies, transport vehicles and clients into a single system. No one would deny its significant impact on the environment and the climate change process. At present, one of the priority goals is to minimise the negative impact of logistics on the environment.

Responsibility for damages done by robots: The European Union experience

Relevance Today, artificial intelligence is being actively implemented in many important areas of human activity, so any malfunction in the activities of the robot can lead to negative consequences, the liability for which remains a controversial issue.Purpose. The research aims to investigate the grounds, types, and peculiarities of the application of liability for damage caused by a robot within the European Union (EU).Methodology. The following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, statistical analysis, formal-legal method and interdisciplinary approach.Results\Conclusions. The methodological basis of the research was formal-logical, the method of system-structural analysis, and the method of generalization, which allowed to find out the concept and essence of artificial intelligence, robots, defects of artificial intelligence, responsibility for the work of automated mechanisms and machines; determine the content and elements of the legal status of robots; establish the main socio-legal principles of the creation and operation of robots; explore the legal basis for regulating the creation, implementation, and operation of robots within the EU; characterize the signs and types of liability for damage caused by robots; identify problems of liability for robotic activities; generalize approaches to the application of liability and methods of compensation for damage caused by robots in individual court cases; analyse the prospects for development of the law enforcement in the sphere of damage liability, caused by robots in the EU countries.

USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Artificial intelligence as a technology is spreading in all areas of human activity. New models are emerging for use in a variety of areas: finance, management, healthcare, education, etc. Issues related to project management are also often resolved using artificial intelligence due to the need to quickly make decisions in conditions of high uncertainty based on a large flow of information. The purpose of the study was to review the possibilities and directions for using artificial intelligence in project management. The author examines teaching methods applicable in project activities. Similar to artificial intelligence technology itself, learning methods in project activities require further development and deep understanding. Currently, we can state the fact that developments in this area are at the beginning of the development stage. The author made an attempt to systematize existing models, present a classification of all areas of project management and the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in these areas.

Expanding our view of the cold-water coral niche and accounting of the ecosystem services of the reef habitat

Coral reefs are iconic ecosystems that support diverse, productive communities in both shallow and deep waters. However, our incomplete knowledge of cold-water coral (CWC) niche space limits our understanding of their distribution and precludes a complete accounting of the ecosystem services they provide. Here, we present the results of recent surveys of the CWC mound province on the Blake Plateau off the U.S. east coast, an area of intense human activity including fisheries and naval operations, and potentially energy and mineral extraction. At one site, CWC mounds are arranged in lines that total over 150 km in length, making this one of the largest reef complexes discovered in the deep ocean. This site experiences rapid and extreme shifts in temperature between 4.3 and 10.7 °C, and currents approaching 1 m s−1. Carbon is transported to depth by mesopelagic micronekton and nutrient cycling on the reef results in some of the highest nitrate concentrations recorded in the region. Predictive models reveal expanded areas of highly suitable habitat that currently remain unexplored. Multidisciplinary exploration of this new site has expanded understanding of the cold-water coral niche, improved our accounting of the ecosystem services of the reef habitat, and emphasizes the importance of properly managing these systems.

MODERN APPROACHES TO PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN THE ROAD CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The project approach is successfully implemented in all areas of human activity, in particular in the transport industry, and has proven itself as an effective and efficient tool for managing transport companies. Considering the large number of areas of activity in the transport sector, it is expedient to combine individual projects that are being implemented into programs and portfolios. In this study, an analysis of scientific works in the transport industry was carried out, which showed that the current state of affairs in this field requires the development of strategic management tools and their implementation in their activities. The works of scientists on strategic management and management of project portfolios of companies in various fields of activity were also considered, which showed that the available works can become the basis for developing models and methods of managing project portfolios in the field of road construction, but do not fully take into account the peculiarities of this field. The authors propose the application of a portfolio approach to the company's activities in the field of road construction. In this work, a study of the development directions of the road industry was carried out and the sources of filling the state road fund, from which financing of the specified development directions was provided, were determined, as well as an analysis of the standard of project portfolio management was carried out. In order to improve the quality of project portfolio management in the field of road construction, it is advisable to improve the implementation of strategic management processes, portfolio management, and to introduce those processes that are not yet being implemented. This can also be done by developing and implementing project portfolio management information technology in the field of road construction, which will enable the implementation of strategic management and project portfolio management.

Evolution and interaction relationship of "eco-economy" dual grid pattern in Lingwu City, Ningxia, China.

Strengthening ecological network construction is an important measure to improve urban ecological environment and protect biodiversity. With Lingwu City of Ningxia as an example, based on remote sensing and social and economic data, we comprehensively analyzed the "double network" (ecological network and social and economic landscape) pattern and their relationship by using morphological spatial pattern analysis, Linkage Mapper, and improved gravity model. The results showed that land use/cover changed dramatically from 2000 to 2020 in Lingwu City. The area of sandy land and grassland decreased sharply, that of forest and construction land increased, and industrial zones expanded rapidly. The connectivity and stability of "dual network" were improved. The intensive areas of human activities were distributed in urban area, oasis agricultural areas, and Ningdong energy industrial zone. The ecological source areas and ecological corridors were mainly distributed in the middle of the nature reserve, while some extended to the other three functional areas. The transportation corridor presented an "H" pattern that was dense in oasis agricultural area and Ningdong energy industrial zone, and connected between the two regions. The "double network" were centered around their respective functional area spaces and had interwoven distributions. The trend of the "double network" changed from conflict to coordinated situation, with obvious zoning and interaction in space. The oasis agricultural area and Ningdong energy industrial area destroyed the eco-logy in the early stage and improved that in the later stage. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the coordination between ecological protection and social and economic development, which could improve ecological quality by combining measures such as improving the quality of ecological sources and corridors, constructing ecological nodes, and repairing ecological disturbance points.

Research on the Spatiotemporal Dynamic Relationship between Human Activity Intensity and Ecosystem Service Value in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The Three Gorges Dam project and other human activities, including regional urbanization and industrialization, have had a substantial influence on the biological environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). They have changed the surface land use pattern, disrupted ecosystem structure and function, and influenced changes in the value of ecosystem services. The human activity intensity (HAI) assessment model, the ecosystem services value (ESV) assessment model, and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model were used based on the spatiotemporal evolution data of towns along the Yangtze River in the TGRA in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. At the same time, the spatiotemporal impact of the HAI on land use patterns was evaluated and the magnitude of the spatiotemporal influences on the ESV was investigated. The findings demonstrate the following: (1) The TGRA’s higher reaches are occupied by forested land, while the middle and lower portions are characterized by agricultural land. Land change in the reservoir region has mostly featured transitions between wooded land, agricultural land, grassland, and building land during the last 25 years. Because of differences in natural geography and administrative divisions, the intensity of human activity in the TGRA changes throughout the Yangtze River, with higher intensity in Chongqing and lower intensity in Hubei. By comparing the ESV and the HAI and validating with Moran scatter plots, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between the value of ecosystem services and the intensity of human activities. (2) The ESV rose from CNY 1017.16 × 108 in 1995 to CNY 1052.73 × 108 in 2020, suggesting that the policies of converting farmland back into forests, eliminating outdated production capacity, and developing green industries, among other ecological conservation measures, are effective. (3) In the research area, the effect coefficient of HAI on ESV ranges from −0.02 to −0.032 to −0.031. This coefficient represents the correlation between the HAI and ESV and can preliminarily judge the change in the degree of correlation between the HAI and ESV. The increase in HAI leads to a decrease in the value of ecosystem services, and there is a clear negative spatial correlation between the two. The low human activity area and low ecosystem service value area in the Chongqing section have been transformed into a high ecosystem service value area through years of returning farmland to forest and ecological management measures for sustainable development.