Areas Of Engineering Research Articles

3D PRINTING OF THIN-WALLED MODELS - STATE-OF-ART

The paper presents an analysis of the state of the art regarding the production of thin-walled models using 3D printing technology. Data based on the Web of Science database was presented in quantitative terms and divided into individual areas of science. 189 publications were found in the years from 2013 to 2024, of which the most, i.e. 82 in the area of Mechanical Engineering. It was observed that some of the publications are grouped around issues related to the study of mainly mechanical properties of both samples and thin-walled cellular structures. Another group of works concerns methods of obtaining thin-walled models using 3D printing technologies. The article characterizes selected exemplary works representing individual areas of science. The need to perform tests of the mechanical properties of thin-walled elements, especially those with a thickness of less than 2 mm, was indicated. Appropriate examples were provided to demonstrate the lower mechanical properties of thin-walled elements compared to solid-type parts manufactured by 3D printing.

A Case Study: An Android Security

Software security has made great progress; code analysis tools perform extensive checks for code defects, it is useful to have a basic understanding of the different warnings and emphasize the bug. However, this is beyond the state of the art for many types of application security flaws. Thus, such tools frequently serve for an analyst to help them zero in on security relevant portions of code so they can find flaws more efficiently, rather than a tool that simply finds flaws automatically. In cooperation with a security expert, we carried out a case study with the mobile phone platform Android, and employed the reverse engineering tool-suite Bauhaus for this security assessment. During the investigation we found some inconsistencies in the implementation of the Android security concepts. Based on the lessons learned from the case study, we propose several research topics in the area of reverse engineering that would support a security analyst during security assessments.

INOVAÇÕES NA CORREÇÃO DE MANIFESTAÇÕES PATOLÓGICAS EM EDIFÍCIOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA.

Buildings must provide the user with physical and visual comfort, in addition to structural safety. However, it is common for pathological manifestations to appear at any stage of construction or use of the building. In order to indicate appropriate therapy, it is necessary to know the origin of the problem whose study procedures are part of the branch of Building Pathology. The main instructional methods that professionals involved in the area validate are specified in the IBAPE National Building Inspection Standard, which establishes criteria and procedures related to building inspection. In the search to solve such problems, innovative measures found in Brazil. In this sense, this study aimed to present innovative measures aimed at correcting pathological manifestations in buildings. In the methodology used, it is an integrative review of the literature, based on scientific articles, periodicals and current legislation on the respective topic. Data collection was carried out through databases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, among others, from 2019 to 2023. In the results, it was evident that the correction of pathological manifestations in buildings is a vital area in civil engineering and in construction, focusing on the identification, analysis and resolution of structural and functional problems that arise over time. Innovation in this field can significantly improve the durability, safety and functionality of buildings..

Assessment of Multigrid Schemes with Fixed Patterns for a Two-Dimensional Heat Transfer Problem

Heat transfer problems and their solutions are of critical importance in almost all areas of engineering and technology, while many real-world problems are inherently three-dimensional. Simplifying them to 2D models offers practical advantages with reasonable models. With being the fundamental class of problem of heat transfer, the 2D thermal diffusion problem was selected for the study. Multigrid methods were referred to as standing out in terms of cost reduction while keeping solution accuracy. The effectiveness of multigrid methods employing fixed pattern schemes was subject to investigation. To set up numerical experimentation, an authentic code generation effort was given that implements a basic finite volume method, intergrid operations and iterative solvers. A reference case with an analytical Laplace solution was selected and properly validated by the results. A variety of multigrid schemes with fixed patterns were explored around parameters, iterations per sweep and maximum coarsening level. Results were compiled on the focal points of cost and performance. A comparison of the direct iterative methods with multigrid schemes proved the effectiveness of multigrid schemes. With the assessment of the cost and performance outcomes, it is concluded that any multigrid scheme should visit the maximum coarsest level possible while keeping a minimum number of iterations on each grid resolution.

Analysis of order-of-addition experiments

The order-of-addition (OofA) experiment involves arranging components in a specific order to optimize a certain objective, which is attracting a great deal of attention in many disciplines, especially in the areas of biochemistry, scheduling, and engineering. Recent studies have highlighted its significance, and notable works have aimed to address NP-hard OofA problems from a statistical perspective. However, solving OofA problems presents challenges due to their complex nature and the presence of uncertainty, such as scheduling problems with uncertain processing times. These uncertainties affect processing times, which are not known with certainty in advance. They introduce heteroscedasticity into OofA experiments, where different orders result in varying dispersions. To address these challenges, a unified framework is proposed to analyze scheduling problems without making specific assumptions about the distribution of these certainties. It encompasses model development and optimization, encapsulating existing homoscedastic studies (where different orders produce the same dispersion value) as a specific instance. For heteroscedastic cases, a dual response optimization within an uncertainty set is proposed, aiming to minimize the dispersion of response while keeping the location of response with a predefined target value. However, solving the proposed non-linear minimax optimization is rather challenging. An equivalent optimization formulation with low computational cost is proposed for solving such a challenging problem. Theoretical supports are established to ensure the tractability of the proposed method. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. With its solid theoretical support, ease of implementation, and ability to find an optimal order, the proposed approach offers a practical and competitive solution to solving general order-of-addition problems.

Recent Advances of Organic Cocrystals in Emerging Cutting-Edge Properties and Applications.

Organic cocrystals, representing one type of new functional materials, have gathered significant interest in various engineering areas. Owing to their diverse stacking modes, rich intermolecular interactions and abundant functional components, the physicochemical properties of organic cocrystals can be tailored to meet different requirements and exhibit novel characteristics. The past few years have witnessed the rapid development of organic cocrystals in both fundamental characteristics and various applications. Beyond the typical properties like ambipolarity, emission tuning ability, ferroelectricity, etc. that are previously well demonstrated, many novel, impressive and cutting-edge properties and applications of cocrystals are also emerged and advanced recently. Especially during the nearest five years, photothermal conversion, room-temperature phosphorescence, thermally activated delay fluorescence, circularly polarized luminescence, organic solid-state lasers, near-infrared sensing, photocatalysis, batteries, and stimuli responses have been reported. In this review, these new properties are carefully summarized. Besides, some neoteric architecture and methodologies, such as host-guest structures and machine learning-based screening, are introduced. Finally, the potential future developments and expectations for organic cocrystals are discussed for further investigations on multiple functions and applications.

New Integral Transforms of the Extended k- Generalized Mittag-Leffler Function with Graphical Representations

Different integral transforms have extensive applications in the various areas of science and engineering. Some of the new integral transforms of extended k-generalized Mittag-Leffler function are discussed in this paper. We examine integral transforms such as the Euler-Beta, Laplace, Mohand, Aboodh, SEE, and Sadik transform. Moreover, we also tried to establish the graphical representations of these transforms.

Experimental study of vegetable oil droplets vaporization under low temperature conditions such as those found in diesel engine cold parts

This paper presents an analysis of three vegetable oil droplets vaporization process in the range temperature from 473 to 723 K corresponding to low temperature conditions found in diesel engine cold parts. This process is analyzed for a droplet evaporating in a hot environment at atmospheric pressure using the fiber-suspended droplet technique well used in the literature, and analyzing the droplet normalized square diameter and temperature evolution surrounding the droplet when vaporizing. The main difference between those already studied in literature is the range temperature which varies between 473 and 723 K in which vegetable oils vaporizing problems leading to deposits formation in the cold regions of diesel engines especially in direct injection. This presents a scientific challenge for resolving deposit formation. The findings reveal that vegetable oil droplets experience expansion and heating for temperatures below 623 K: no other changes are observed. Between temperatures of 623 and 683 K, an increase in temperature, expansion, and an inconsistent vaporization is observed. This is followed by a phase of low and constant vaporization. From 683 K, vegetable oils experience an initial stage of heating and expansion, which is accompanied by a phenomenon of puffing and bursting. Finally, in the last phase, residue formation occurs. Puffing and bursting phenomena manifest once the temperature reaches 683 K, indicating the emergence of substantial quantities of light compounds including carboxylic acids, aromatics, acrolein, ketene, and fatty acids. These compounds are formed through the thermal degradation and polymerization of vegetable oils. This process causes deposits to form in the colder areas of diesel engines.

Study on the Dynamic Crushing Behaviors of Hourglass Honeycomb Sandwich Panels

In response to the problem of enclosed internal spaces in existing honeycomb sandwich panels, the concept of an hourglass honeycomb sandwich panel model is proposed for the first time, which provides a breakthrough approach for achieving the multifunctional integration of honeycomb sandwich panels. Numerical simulation methods are employed to investigate the dynamic performance of the hourglass honeycomb sandwich panels. The focus is on discussing the influences of the geometric parameters on the deformation mode, dynamic response, load uniformity, and energy absorption capacity of the hourglass honeycomb sandwich panel under different impact velocity conditions. The research results indicate that under low-velocity-impact conditions, the influence of the geometric parameters is predominant. In contrast, under high-velocity-impact conditions, the influence of the impact velocity conditions is predominant. Hourglass honeycomb sandwich panels with low density, a large inclination angle of the honeycomb wall, and small contact distances between the hourglass honeycomb cell and the panel have excellent load uniformity, and the distances between the contact points of the hourglass honeycomb cell and the panel have a great influence on the energy absorption capacity of the sandwich panels. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of honeycombs in aerospace and other engineering areas.

A Context-Based Perspective on Frost Analysis in Reuse-Oriented Big Data-System Developments

The large amount of available data, generated every second via sensors, social networks, organizations, and so on, has generated new lines of research that involve novel methods, techniques, resources, and/or technologies. The development of big data systems (BDSs) can be approached from different perspectives, all of them useful, depending on the objectives pursued. In particular, in this work, we address BDSs in the area of software engineering, contributing to the generation of novel methodologies and techniques for software reuse. In this article, we propose a methodology to develop reusable BDSs by mirroring activities from software product line engineering. This means that the process of building BDSs is approached by analyzing the variety of domain features and modeling them as a family of related assets. The contextual perspective of the proposal, along with its supporting tool, is introduced through a case study in the agrometeorology domain. The characterization of variables for frost analysis exemplifies the importance of identifying variety, as well as the possibility of reusing previous analyses adjusted to the profile of each case. In addition to showing interesting findings from the case, we also exemplify our concept of context variety, which is a core element in modeling reusable BDSs.

Editorial Preview

Effective from Volume 3, JIWE has transitioned to a triannual publication release effort. Specifically, releases occur each February, June, and October. This particular October 2024 release contains 12 papers within the regular section that covers a broad range of application concerning Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Data Mining (DM), Software Engineering, Recommender Systems, Cybersecurity, Healthcare, and other key areas in web engineering. Additionally, this edition presents a captivating collection of 7 papers curated by our Thematic Editor, Dr. Ji-Jian Chin, under the theme "Pervasive Computing." In his editorial, Dr. Ji-Jian Chin highlights cutting-edge research on the integration of computing into everyday environments. Moreover, these papers are aligned to some of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through advancements in healthcare technologies, SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) through software and systems innovation research, and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) through contributions to privacy and cybersecurity research.

A Scientific Program in Regenerative Engineering (ASPIRE): A Prospective Program Aimed at Tackling Health Disparities in the USA.

The continued low numbers of Blacks in STEMM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine) represent an American crisis that threatens growing awareness and efforts to effectively address health disparities that affect the Black population. Regenerative engineering is an emerging STEMM field that seeks to combine principles from engineering, life sciences, physics, and medicine to develop new technologies for repairing and regenerating damaged tissues and organs. We believe that regenerative engineering has the potential to address some of the root causes of health disparities by developing new approaches that are more accessible and affordable, particularly for low-income communities and people living in rural areas. We have developed a new education program targeting to K-12 groups "A Scientific Program in Regenerative Engineering (ASPIRE)" that supports the mentoring and education of Black K-12 students to enter successfully and thrive as professionals in STEMM particularly in the area of regenerative engineering. We have been collaborating with several public-school systems in Connecticut, especially among the regions with health disparities to implement the program. We believe our new educational K-12 program would serve as a vehicle to reduce health disparities in the region.

Methacrylated chitosan/jellyfish collagen membranes as cell instructive platforms for liver tissue engineering

Although the multidisciplinary area of liver tissue engineering is in continuous progress, research in this field is still focused on developing an ideal liver tissue template. Innovative strategies are required to improve membrane stability and bioactivity.In our study, sustainable biomimetic membranes were developed by blending methacrylated chitosan (CSMA) with jellyfish collagen (jCol) for liver tissue engineering applications.The in vitro biological behaviour demonstrated the capability of the developed membranes to create a suitable milieu to enable hepatocyte growth and differentiation. The functionalization of chitosan together with the biocompatibility of marine collagen and the intrinsic membrane properties offered the ideal biochemical, topographical, and mechanical cues to the cells. Thanks to the enhanced CSMA/jCol membranes' characteristics, hepatocytes on such biomaterials exhibited improved growth, viability, and active liver-specific functions when compared to the cell fate achieved on CSMA membranes. Our study provides new insights about the influence of membrane properties on liver cells behaviour for the design of novel instructive biomaterials. The enrichment of functionalized chitosan with marine collagen represents a promising and innovative approach for the development of an appropriate platform for hepatic tissue engineering.

Recent trends in metabolic engineering for microbial production of value-added natural products

Microbe-mediated chemical production is a sustainable approach for production of natural products that are important for our society. Traditional fermentation production of natural products viz. drugs, nutraceuticals, pigments, aromatic compounds, and biofuels has limitations such as low yield, high cost and time- consuming process. Significant success in the economical production of these natural products has been established by altering the metabolic pathways of microorganisms through metabolic engineering. Recent advancements in new tools and strategies have led to a significant reduction in the turnaround time in the classic approach i.e. design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycle in metabolic engineering. Here, we summarize various tools and strategies developed in the area of metabolic engineering with a focus on value-added natural products Also, this review lists bioprospecting of microorganisms through metabolic engineering in last five years for production of natural products. At the end, outlook, challenges and opportunities for the successful establishment of robust engineered microbial cell factories have been reported.

Hybrid finite element and laplace transform method for efficient numerical solutions of fractional PDEs on graphics processing units

Fractional Partial Differential equations (FPDEs) are essential for modeling complex systems across various scientific and engineering areas. However, efficiently solving FPDEs presents significant computational challenges due to their inherent memory effects, often leading to increased execution times for numerical solutions. This study proposes a highly parallelizable hybrid computational approach that combines the Finite Element Method (FEM) for spatial discretization with Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform (NILT) for time-domain solutions, optimized for execution on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The NILT method’s high parallelizability, stemming from the independence of its series terms, combined with the robust spatial discretization provided by FEM, enables the efficient and accurate solution of FPDEs on GPUs, demonstrating substantial performance improvements over traditional CPU-based implementations. We observe a generalized pattern in execution time behavior that accounts for both the number of nodes and the number of NILT terms. Specifically, execution time scales quadratically with the number of nodes, while showing only a logarithmic marginal increase with the number of NILT terms These behaviors not only enables consistent performance assessment but also highlights potential areas for algorithm optimization. Validation against exact solutions of fractional diffusion and wave equations, employing Caputo, modified Caputo-Fabrizio, and modified Atangana-Baleanu derivatives, demonstrates the accuracy and convergence of the hybrid FEM-NILT method. Notably, the exact solutions of wave equation are novel in literature. The results highlight the method’s potential for enabling high-precision, large-scale simulations in fractional calculus applications, thereby advancing computational capabilities and efficiency in the field.

Existence Results for A Nonlinear Degenerate Parabolic Equation involving -Laplacian Type Diffusion Process

In this study, a nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation is used to describe a nonlinear -Laplacian equation process that arises in many areas of science and engineering in mechanics, quantum physics, and chemical design. This work has the objective of proving the existence of the local weak solution of a nonlinear p(x)-Laplacian equation by the compactness theorem. The uniformly local characteristics of the solutions for the gradients by estimating the regularization problem and using the Moser iterative techniques. Moreover, some properties of the local solutions depend on uniformly bounded situations and the -norm to the gradient is considered.

Deploying an IoT-based remote physics lab platform to enhance experimental physics education in remote regions

Abstract For several years, the educational gap in certain Latin American countries and around the world has become increasingly evident. The limited access to cutting-edge knowledge and technologies to strengthen student training processes has emerged as a significant problem, leading to increased inequality in job opportunities in these regions and progressive setbacks in social and economic development. One way to mitigate this problem has been to provide access to information through telecommunications. However, integration with educational processes has been deficient, especially in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This work proposes the development of a remote physics laboratory platform for experimental validation of models explaining certain physical phenomena. This platform is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, allowing students and teachers to connect with these experiences coveringtopics in mechanics, electricity and magnetism, optics, and thermodynamics from remote regions. These laboratories utilize physical setups in educational institutions that have been modified to provide connectivity and remote control capabilities based on IoT. Finally, a framework for implementing new remote laboratories based on the IoT paradigm through an open-source platform is presented. The system has been tested and validated with high school and early university students to verify its usefulness, showing the potential to enhance educational processes by providing laboratory access to students and teachers from primary education to secondary education and university-level professional programs.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF SOLAR POWER ENGINEERING BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE 21

The main results of the reports at the "Solar Energy" section were considered and summarized, in particular, one of the areas of solar energy engineering - solar power generation. Specialists from Ukraine and the Republic of Uzbekistan took part in the work of the section in this field. A total of 32 reports were presented, focusing on topics such as the implementation of distributed generation facilities based on photovoltaic systems, improving the energy efficiency of solar power plants, etc. The reports demonstrated the primary trends to highlight the issues of building and operation of energy-efficient solar power plants in today's realities.

Analysis of the scientific production on the implementation of knowledge management for supply chain sustainability

This research aims to analyze the scientific production on the implementation of knowledge management for sustainability of supply chain. The study is of a descriptive quantitative type, by performing a bibliometric analysis executed in the Scopus database where only the articles found in open access in the areas of engineering, business, administration and accounting sciences were considered. A total of 43 articles were detected. The authors with the major contributions were Tseng, M.L. and Mangla, S.K. The most productive institutions were Brunel University London and Brunel Business School. The country in which the largest number of research papers were published was The United Kingdom. The articles were published in 29 journals. A bibliometric map of co-authorship was carried out, which showed that these were grouped into four clusters and that of co-occurrence of keywords structured into six clusters, which identified six lines of research.

«Биологические войны» как новая международная проблема политиков и военных России

The globalization of the global market economy and the unregulated global population of 8 billion people create threats of global warming of the Earth with its transformation into a hot lifeless Venus. The aggravation of the global situation for the survival of countries and peoples and major military conflicts are ahead. New "green technologies" do not allow us to abandon the increasing combustion of hydrocarbons. At the same time, a secret creation of a new biological weapon of mass destruction is underway. Defense and biomedical problems in Russia are largely recognized at the level of society, the state, the military and special services. The main stages of creation and sabotage use of biological weapons are studied. The specifics of new bioterrorism technologies are analyzed. Preventive defense measures for Russia in the current conditions are substantiated. The analysis showed that the scale of financing of R&D in the field of biology, medicine, genetics in Russia since 2000 does not meet the required structural reorganization of Russian industry and new rapidly developing areas of science, engineering and technology in the world. The main results of the study, which have theoretical and practical significance, include conclusions about a significant increase in the risks of potential aggressors using biological weapons against the enemy in the context of rapid scientific and technological progress in the world, especially in biology, genetics, medicine. A conclusion is made about the need for additions and amendments to the current international and national laws in order to prevent new military-biological initiatives and projects. The necessity of forming a new military-political point of view in Russia is substantiated, that what is brewing is not just wars for the redistribution of natural resources, but genocidal wars for the survival of the strongest countries and peoples, to which our state currently belongs. Threats to Russia from bioterrorism and sabotage biological wars are surmountable, but require a mobilization economy, significant funds and resources.