Areas Of Economic Development Research Articles

Research on the Accounting and Spatial Effects of Emergy Ecological Footprint and Industrial Green GDP--The Case of Yangtze River Economic Belt

The booming development of industrial enterprises at the cost of ecological resource consumption has inevitably harmed the ecological environment, especially since the phenomenon of water resource pollution is more serious. Exploring the relationship between the ecological environment and the industrial economy is crucial to the green and sustainable development of the region. This study uses the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to investigate the impact of emergy ecological footprint on the industrial green of gross domestic product (GDP) under the perspective of water resources, based on the panel data of 11 provinces in Chinas Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2012 to 2021. The results show that first, the overall industrial green GDP of the YREB has increased year by year, and the effect of water resource protection is outstanding. Second, the emergy ecological footprint has a significant positive effect on industrial green GDP, and the spillover effect is also significant. Third, heterogeneity analysis shows that the spatial relationship between emergy ecological footprint and industrial green GDP is different in different regions, and the local effect and neighborhood effect of the high industrial green economic development areas are consistent with those of the YREB, while the relationship between the low industrial green economic development areas is not obvious. This paper is of great significance for the green development of industrial enterprises in the YREB and guides the formulation of sustainable development policies.

ВЫБОР МОДЕЛИ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ТУРИЗМА В РЕГИОНЕ ДЛЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

At the present stage of development of the services market, tourism is becoming one of the most developing areas of activity, which requires constant improvement of quality, diversity of tourism offer and modernization of tourism infrastructure. In the context of scientific and technological progress, tourism, as an area that affects many different industries, serves as an important factor in the economic and socio-cultural development of rural areas. Russia occupies a minor position in the global tourism market. Despite the great tourism potential, its competitive advantage lies in the unique objects of architecture, culture, history and natural heritage, as well as in the national flavor of the country. Rural tourism can become one of the most important areas of economic development, which will contribute to the social, spiritual and economic development of Russian regions and the country as a whole. There is a necessity and need to bring domestic tourism services in line with modern world trends, to increase the competitiveness of Russian travel companies in the tourism services market. The Russian Federation has significant territorial potential and enormous opportunities for the development of large-scale tourism activities. According to the Strategy for the Development of Tourism in the Country until 2035, the main goal is the comprehensive development of the key competitive advantages of tourism in the Russian Federation, due to the presence of many points of attraction for domestic and inbound tourist flows. Due to the presence of a larger number of monuments of cultural, historical and natural heritage in Russia, there are prospects for the development of almost any type of tourism. In this situation, agricultural tourism is of particular importance as one of the most important factors in the sustainable development of rural areas and the agricultural sector.

Determining of correlation relationship between angular elements of external orientation

The current state of development of science and technology definitely influenced the introduction of UAVs in various areas of economic development and military affairs. And this trend, since it brought positive results, will continue to grow. Therefore, the study of UAV capabilities, both design and operational, is a necessary component. The authors proposed a new algorithm for processing the results of digital shooting and determining the dependencies of the influence of the angular elements of the external orientation (EEO) of the images, which will make it possible to significantly improve the accuracy of the searched terrain coordinates. One of the main requirements for aircraft-type UAVs used in aerial surveying is absolutely horizontal flight. That is, maintaining the minimum angles of inclination of the external orientation of the images. And so, the idea arose to find the correlation coefficients between them when modeling the angles of inclination α and ω relative to the fixed angle ϰ (since this angle is actually compensated with the help of an aero device). So, if there is such a dependence, then based on the values of these values, it is possible to introduce a correction in the design of a micro-UAV and thereby increase stability during horizontal flight. Everything will depend on the value of the correlation coefficient: the larger it is, the more significant the possibility of improvement in the design of the UAV. Such modifications can be the displacement of the center of gravity of the structure, the profile and quantitative parameters of the plane, the shape of the fuselage, etc. The application of this direction will lead to the determination of the exact parameters of the EEO, since the installation of an accurate stabilization system and the determination of the angular EEO images (INS) on these devices is not possible, since there are often restrictions on the loading of UAVs. Regarding the determination of linear EEO, the issue can be solved by installing a dual-frequency GPS receiver on the UAV, which will allow obtaining the coordinates of the projection centers with an accuracy of 1–2 cm. The refinement of the EEO of digital images leads to an increase in the accuracy of the spatial coordinates of object points.

Gender Equality and Women's Rights : A Study in Indian Constitution

The concept of “Gender Equality” is a fundamental human right. Gender equality refers to the equality of responsibilities, rights, and opportunities for every human being. Every individual of the society yearns to achieve equal status and rights in their life. Indian Constitution gives fundamental rights and basics duties to the citizens of India. Women’s rights are recognized as a right in itself, a transformative tool for achieving progress in all other areas of social and economic development. In the present time women’s rights denote the gender equality, and that plays a pivotal role in society. Women’s rights in Indian Constitution leads to a transformation of the structural factors and that reduced gender inequality. Women are getting opportunities in every aspect in their lives, including political, social, economic and cultural. The main objectives of this research are to understand how women are getting their rights through Indian Constitution and to explore the issues and challenges for women.. This is a qualitative and secondary data based study. This paper also focused on how gender equality plays a role in Indian Constitution. Indian Constitutional articles defined equally rights for every human being; Constitution gives rights for being economically independent, for achieving equal status in society, and for equally participation in politics. This paper discussed about the important constitutional articles for gender equality in India. In this research some obstacles have defined on the path of women’s rights and gender equality. In the conclusion part, this paper has been described that Indian constitution mentions lots of articles for gender equality and human rights. Women’s social and economic conditions are improving through constitutional rights; now they have rights to live their life. But because of some strictly taboos and customs in society women are not utilizing their constitutional rights, and still they are facing gender inequality problems. And it can be seen that gender equality is a far cry. Women should be educated; through education, they will be aware of their rights and be able to utilize all those constitutional rights.

Spatiotemporal pattern of NPP and its response to climatic factors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystems serves as a crucial carbon sink, playing a significant role in mitigating climate change. This study, focusing on the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), a key area for both economic development and ecological conservation in China, evaluates the temporal and spatial changes in regional NPP and its responses to climatic factors against the backdrop of global change. Utilizing long-term NPP and meteorological grid data from 1981 to 2017, we analyzed the annual change patterns of NPP and its linear and nonlinear responses to climatic factors using copula functions. Our findings indicate that 57.00 % of the YREB has experienced a significant increase in NPP, with the most substantial decreases observed in Shanghai and its surrounding areas (P < 0.05). Temperature emerged as the primary climatic driver, positively correlating with NPP changes in over half of the study area (P < 0.05). Moreover, the nonlinear response of NPP to temperature and precipitation underscores the complex interactions between these factors, revealing a sensitivity to temperature variations that surpasses that to precipitation. The study also highlights the influence of solar radiation and topographic factors, with a significant positive correlation between NPP and solar radiation observed in 15.85 % of the area (P < 0.05). The practical significance of these findings lies in their implications for regional ecological management and climate resilience strategies. The positive correlation between temperature and NPP underscores the potential for targeted temperature management to optimize carbon sequestration across the YREB. Furthermore, the identified nonlinear responses and the role of solar radiation and topography in influencing NPP offer valuable insights for the formulation of adaptive strategies that enhance ecosystem productivity and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality goals. By elucidating the dynamics of NPP in response to a range of environmental factors, this study provides a foundation for informed decision-making in ecological conservation and climate change mitigation efforts within the YREB and similar regions globally.

Study on the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Land Use Efficiency in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region (BTH) is one of the crucial areas for economic development in China. However, rapid urban expansion and industrial development in this region have severely impacted the surrounding ecological environment. The air quality, water, and soil resources face significant pressure. Due to the close relationship between land utilization, population, investment, and industry, effective land use is a key factor in the coordinated development of the region. Therefore, clarifying the patterns of urban land use change and revealing its influencing factors can provide important scientific evidence for the coordinated development of the BTH region. This study aims to improve urban land use efficiency (ULUE) in the BTH region. Firstly, based on the input and output data of land elements for the 13 cities in the BTH region, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used to quantify the ULUE of the BTH urban agglomeration and analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of ULUE. Input indicators includes capital, labor, and land. Output indicators includes economy, society, and environment. The results show that the overall ULUE in the BTH region has increased, albeit with notable fluctuations. Between 2000 and 2010, ULUE rose swiftly across all cities except Beijing and Tianjin, where changes were minimal. Post-2010, cities exhibited varied trends: steady growth, slow growth, sustained growth, step-wise growth, and initial growth followed by decline. Spatially, before 2010, the BTH showed a “high in the northeast and low in the southwest” pattern, transitioning post-2010 to a smoother “core-periphery” pattern. Mid-epidemic, high ULUE values reverted to the core area, shifting southward post-epidemic. Secondly, panel data analysis is conducted to explore the factors influencing ULUE. The results indicate that fiscal balance, the level of openness, the level of digitalization, industrial structure, and the level of green development are significant factors affecting ULUE. Finally, strategies are proposed to improve ULUE in the BTH region, including national spatial planning, industrial layout, existing land use, infrastructure construction, optimization of local fiscal revenue, and improvement in the business environment, aiming to enhance ULUE and promote the coordinated development of industries in the BTH region.

The Revolution in the Tourism Landscape in Sylhet, Bangladesh

This research delves into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourist geographies of the Sylhet region in Bangladesh, a pivotal area for the country's economic growth and development. Through qualitative analysis, including interviews and secondary data, the study reveals the severe consequences of the pandemic on various aspects of the tourism industry, such as job losses, economic downturns, and disruptions to businesses. The findings underscore the significant challenges faced by both formal and informal stakeholders in Sylhet's tourism sector, highlighting the need for comprehensive policies and strategies to mitigate the pandemic's effects and foster sustainable tourism recovery. Despite the setbacks, the study identifies opportunities for revitalizing Sylhet's tourism landscapes through concerted efforts in infrastructure development, service enhancement, and stakeholder collaboration, ultimately advocating for a resilient approach to navigating the complexities of the post-pandemic tourism landscape.

Effects of Geomorphic Spatial Differentiation on Vegetation Distribution Based on Remote Sensing and Geomorphic Regionalization

As the core area of human activities and economic development in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, the hilly oasis zone of Xinjiang directly affects the regional sustainable development and stability of the ecosystem. Understanding the effects of different geomorphic types on vegetation distribution is crucial for maintaining vegetation growth and development, especially the improvement in the terrestrial ecological environment in arid areas under the background of climate change. However, there are few studies on the effect of spatial differences in detailed geomorphic types on vegetation distribution patterns. Therefore, this paper divides the Xinjiang hilly oasis zone into six geomorphologic level zones and innovatively investigates the influence of detailed geomorphologic types on the spatial distribution of vegetation and vegetation cover. Further, the area proportion of detailed landform types corresponding to different vegetation coverage in each geomorphic area was quantitatively calculated. Finally, the Geodetector method was used to detect the drivers of interactions between vegetation and the environment. The findings are shown as follows: (1) In the same climate zone, the spatial differentiation of landforms has a great influence on the vegetation distribution, manifesting as the significantly different vegetation distribution in different landform types. Grassland is the main vegetation type in the erosion and denudation of Nakayama; cultivated vegetation and meadows have a larger coverage in the alluvial flood plain and alluvial plain; and the distribution of vegetation in the Tianshan economic zone is characterized by obvious vertical zoning with the geomorphology. (2) The landform type and morphological types are the strongest driving factors for vegetation coverage with q values of 0.433 and 0.295, respectively, which effectually fill the gap caused by only using two terrain indicators, slope and elevation, to study the relationship between landforms and vegetation. (3) In addition, the improved nonlinear interaction resulting from the double factor of landform type and slope is 0.486, which has a stronger control on vegetation coverage than the single factor of landform type. These findings are conducive to enhancing the supply services of vegetation to the ecosystem in arid areas as well as providing important scientific guidance for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development in Xinjiang.

The Role of Geomatics In Combating Crime and Terrorism Iraq : An Applied Study

Today, geographic technologies are considered one of the most important decision support systems in the world, as they are indispensable in the areas of development and economic development. It has been applied at the security level and the preservation of societal peace through its support for command and control rooms in various security sectors, and assistance in identifying areas of crime dens and spatially distributing criminal phenomena. This study aims to answer the following questions: 1- What is meant by geomatics technology? What characteristics do you have?. 2- How is this technology employed in the field of crime and combating terrorism, Iraq as an applied model?. 3- What is the best way to build a database and spatial information that the security services can benefit from? It was found through the study that geomatics technology has a high potential in the field of combating crime and terrorism, which is done by building digital models and spatial databases for the security aspect through which it is possible to follow up hotspots of crime concentration, and to identify the characteristics of criminals according to the different type of crimes committed, as well as The ability to refer to and update data according to close schedules whenever needed

Spatial-temporal Evolution and Driving Factors Analysis of Ecological Environment Quality in Daihai Basin based on AWRSEI

Watersheds are an important ecological security barrier and social and economic development area. In order to evaluate the ecological environment quality of arid and semi-arid watersheds more objectively and accurately, based on the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), the salinity index was introduced to construct a remote sensing ecological index (AWRSEI) suitable for arid and semi-arid watersheds, and the Daihai watershed was taken as an example to analyze its applicability. Based on the AWRSEI model, four phases of Landsat TM/OLI composite images were used to quantitatively evaluate the ecological and environmental quality of the Daihai Basin from 2001 to 2020. The spatio-temporal evolution of the ecological and environmental quality of the Daihai Basin was analyzed using the coefficient of variation and spatial autocorrelation, and the cause analysis and driving factor explanation power analysis were carried out using geographic detectors. The results showed that:① the average correlation coefficient between AWRSEI and various ecological factors was 0.860, which was more representative than that of a single index component. The load positive and negative values and ranking of the first principal component were consistent with those of RSEI, the contribution rate of eigenvalues was 3.69% higher than those of RSEI, and the evaluation results were closer to the real surface conditions, which is suitable for the ecological environment quality assessment of arid watersheds. ② The annual average of the AWRSEI index in the Daihai Basin from 2001 to 2020 was 0.427, which indicated a poor ecological environment quality basis. During the study period, the average of AWRSEI showed a fluctuating trend and reached the highest value of 0.502 in 2020. The overall ecological environment quality improved significantly, the deterioration area decreased by 20.51%, and the improvement area increased by 12.71%. In terms of spatial distribution, the ecological environment quality of forest land in the southern and northwestern high-altitude areas of the Daihai Basin was good, whereas that in the northern and southern mid-altitude areas was poor, and that in the northern area was better than that in the southern area. ③ The average variation coefficient of AWRSEI in the Daihai Basin was 0.280, the ecological environment quality was stable, and the overall change fluctuation was small; the high fluctuation was mainly concentrated in the southern part of the lake and the residential area. There was a significant spatial autocorrelation in the ecological environment quality of the Daihai Basin, and the high-high agglomeration area was mainly distributed in the forest area at high altitude and the cultivated land area at low altitude. Low-low concentration areas were scattered in the middle altitude area. ④ The improvement of the ecological environment in Daihai Basin from 2001 to 2020 was mainly due to the increase in NDVI and the decrease in NDBSI and NDSI. NDVI and NDBSI were the combination with the strongest interaction and the strongest interpretation of the ecological environment. Land use was the dominant factor of AWRSEI and had the strongest explanatory power. The combination of land use and meteorological factors was the strongest interaction, and the relationship between each driving factor was enhanced.

On the Path of Increasing Farmer Income in the Yangtze River Delta Region under the Background of Digital Economy

The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most active economic development areas in China, accounting for only 2.1% of China's regional area, concentrating 1/4 of China's total economic output and more than 1/4 of industrial added value, and is regarded as an important engine of China's economic development. The analysis and discussion of the influencing factors of farmers' growth in the Yangtze River Delta region under the background of digital economy has great reference significance for the income growth of farmers in other regions. This paper first analyzes the current situation of farmers' income in Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Shanghai Municipality and Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Delta region, and then analyzes the impact of the industrial index, integration index and infrastructure index on the income of farmers in the digital economy index through regression model, and tests and corrects them. The results show that the integration index and infrastructure index have a significant impact on the income of farmers in Anhui Province, the spillover index has a significant impact on the income of farmers in Jiangsu Province, the industrial index has a significant impact on the income of farmers in Shanghai, and the integration index and infrastructure index have a significant impact on the income of farmers in Zhejiang Province. Based on this, corresponding suggestions are put forward in order to effectively increase the income of farmers in the four regions and provide corresponding reference for other regions.

County-Level Land Use Carbon Budget in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China: Spatiotemporal Differentiation and Coordination Zoning

The local land use carbon budget (LUCB) balance is an important factor in achieving regional carbon neutrality. As the basic unit of China’s economic development and social governance, the county level is an important part of the realization of the “double carbon” goal. This paper focuses on 1069 county units within the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). It utilizes data on land use, nighttime light, energy consumption, and social and economic factors to construct carbon emission models. The spatiotemporal characteristics of LUCB in these county units are analyzed using standard deviational ellipse (SDE) and spatial autocorrelation methods. Additionally, a zoning study is conducted by examining the economic contribution coefficient (ECC) of carbon emissions, the ecological support coefficient (ESC), and their coupling relationship. The results show that (1) the total land use carbon emissions (LUCE) increased significantly during the research period, and the total carbon sink was relatively stable. (2) The LUCB is spatially high in the east and low in the west, with the center of gravity moving to the southwest as a whole. (3) The LUCB shows positive spatial autocorrelation and has significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, which are mainly high–high and low–low regional agglomeration types. (4) The ECC is high in the east and low in the west, the ESC is high in the west and low in the east, and the coordination and coupling degrees of the two are low. (5) According to the ECC and ESC, the county unit is divided into a low-carbon conservation area, an economic development area, a carbon sink development area, and a comprehensive optimization area. This study is helpful in promoting the sustainable development of carbon neutrality and low carbon in the YREB.

Smart city: an advanced framework for analyzing public sentiment orientation toward recycled water

The coronavirus pandemic of the past several years has had a profound impact on all aspects of life, including resource utilization. One notable example is the increased demand for freshwater, a lifeblood of our planet, on the other hand, the smart city vision aims to attain a smart water management goal by investing in innovative solutions such as recycled water systems. However, the problem lies in the public’s sentiment and willingness to use this new resource which discourages investors and hinders the development of this field. Therefore, in our work, we applied sentiment analysis using an extended version of the fuzzy logic and neural network model from our previous work, to find out the general public opinion regarding recycled water and to assess the effects of sentiments on the public’s readiness to use this resource. Our analysis was based on a dataset of over 1 million text content from 2013 to 2022. The results show, from spatio-temporal perspectives, that sentiment orientation and acceptance-behavior towards using recycled water have increased positively. Additionally, the public is more concerned in areas driven by the smart city vision than in areas of medium and low economic development, where investment in sensibilization campaigns is needed.

Tourism and sustainable development: a bibliometric and complex systems methodology approach

ABSTRACT Tourism is a significant economic activity, but its complex relationships with the environment and natural resources raise concerns about sustainability. This study explores the interplay between natural, cultural, and social capital in sustainable tourism development systems (STDS) using a Complex Systems methodology, specifically Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD). The results demonstrate that tourism management and development can enhance sustainable development, but tourism's impact is mixed. Positive impacts include increased local economic development, cultural tourism, and protected areas. Negative impacts include increased environmental pollution, negative impact on indigenous culture, and a complex relationship with social capital. This systemic model contributes to formulating policies for sustainable economic development in tourist destinations. It highlights the need for integrated management approaches that balance economic, environmental, and social objectives.

Whether rural rooftop photovoltaics can effectively fight the power consumption conflicts at the regional scale – A case study of Jiangsu Province

To fight the power consumption conflicts at the regional scale, rooftop solar photovoltaics (RTSPV) in rural areas is considered as a critical way. In this study, we constructed a sophisticated framework for evaluating the regional RTSPV power generation potential of rural areas. Focusing on Jiangsu Province, the rural RTSPV power generation potential was evaluated. Then, the generation potential was compared with electricity demand to describe the spatial heterogeneity of the supply and demand situation, and proposed the pathways to alleviate the regional consumption conflicts. The results showed that the total RTSPV power generation potential of rural areas in Jiangsu Province is 202.91 TWh, which can meet the electricity demand of rural areas in this province. From the perspective of supply and demand, the conflicts between rural RTSPV power generation and electricity demand will be aggravated, especially in areas of rapid economic development. The rural RTSPV power generation of Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou is far low the actual demand for electricity. While for the city with significant disparities between urban and rural areas, the development of rural RTSPV can effectively alleviate the power consumption conflicts. In particular, the rural RTSPV power generation in Xuzhou can meet the demand of total electricity.

Current Employment Challenges and Corresponding Solutions in China

This paper elaborates on the employment problems in China and proposes solutions from the perspectives of regional differences and environmental changes. There is a clear problem of urban-rural segmentation in China. There are relatively few employment opportunities in rural areas, and the influx of urban population has led to an increase in urban employment pressure. At the same time, the transfer and employment of rural labor force is also a problem that needs to be solved. There are regional differences in the development of China's economy and employment opportunities. Coastal areas and developed cities usually have more employment opportunities and economic development, while inland and underdeveloped areas face the problem of insufficient employment opportunities. This exacerbates the income gap and population mobility between regions. With the intensification of aging population, the demand for employment in fields such as elderly care and healthcare is also increasing. Understanding the employment challenges in the job market can guide the formulation and implementation of employment promotion policies, entrepreneurial support policies, and vocational training subsidies, in order to improve employment levels and reduce unemployment rates.

Identification of Economic Potential in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan-Indonesia

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the economic prospects of Berau Regency in East Kalimantan. This study aims to identify potential areas for further economic development in Berau Regency, to increase the wealth of its citizens. Additionally, it will highlight areas that need to be strengthened to achieve this objective. This study utilized shift share, the location quotient (LQ), and the growth ratio model (GRM) as analytical methods. The main data utilized in this study consisted of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) statistics for East Kalimantan Province and Berau Regency from 2018 to 2022. The GRM study indicated that the transportation and warehousing sector experienced significant development, along with education services, health services, social activities, and other services. On the other hand, the Shift-Share analysis demonstrated positive growth in nearly all sectors within Berau Regency. Based on Location Quotients (LQ) analysis, the most competitive industries in the region include mining and quarrying, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; wholesale and retail trade; car and motorcycle repair; transportation and warehousing; accommodation, food, and beverage provision; educational services; health services and social activities; and other services. This study emphasizes the ability of Berau Regency to effectively utilize its natural resources, particularly in the growing agricultural and tourism sectors. Hence, to advance and stimulate the tourism sector, the Berau Regency administration should contemplate allocating funds for agricultural and tourism development in its regional budget and executing infrastructure improvements. This approach is anticipated to bolster the economic development of Berau Regency while enhancing its residents’ overall quality of life.

Entre a Desinstitucionalização e a Resiliência: Participação Institucional no Governo Bolsonaro

Abstract This study aims at characterizing the deinstitutionalization prompted by the Bolsonaro government and assessing its impact over participatory councils. It provides an empirical diagnosis of the regulatory situation of 103 national collegial bodies, based on an original database. It argues that the government measures do not result in homogeneous effects and can vary according to two factors: i) the government´s preferences in policy content; ii) the councils’ resilience. It proposes an analytical typology of resilience based on the interaction between two dimensions: institutional design and councils’ degree of insertion in their respective policy communities. Considering both dimensions, it concludes that councils whose performance was the most affected were the ones related to policies whose agenda is contrary to that of the Bolsonaro’s government, and displaying less resilience. In proportion, the environment policy area was the most affected by revocations. Human rights and social policies underwent more substantive changes. In turn, the economic development and infrastructure area was less affected, due to its greater alignment to the government’s preferences, even though its collegial bodies were less resilient.

СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО ЯК АКТУАЛЬНИЙ НАПРЯМ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of social entrepreneurship as a topical area of economic development in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to define the essence, characteristics, and analyze the state of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The article identifies the leading sectors of social enterprise activity, identifies the main problems and directions of their development. To analyze social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, the authors use the methods of scientific literature analysis, quantitative data analysis, comparative method, and expert evaluation methods. This allows us to comprehensively consider the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship, identify its key characteristics, problems and prospects. According to the analysis, the key problems are the lack of adequate funding and support from the state. On the other hand, the article reveals significant potential for the development of social entrepreneurship in the areas of employment of vulnerable groups, ecology, and financing of social services. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that social entrepreneurship in Ukraine requires a comprehensive approach for further development, which would include legislative initiatives, financial support, and broad educational activities. The practical significance of the study is that it can serve as a basis for developing strategies and policies to promote the development of social entrepreneurship at the state and local levels. The results of the analysis may be useful for organizations that finance or plan to finance social entrepreneurship projects, as well as for social entrepreneurs looking for effective business models.

Assessment of potentially hazardous elements in soils of the Boyacá industrial corridor (Colombia) using GIS, multivariate statistical analysis, and geochemical indexes

In the industrial corridor of Boyacá, Colombia, population growth is accompanied by anthropogenic activities such as industrial operations, vehicle exhaust fumes, mining, smelting, atmospheric deposition, and excessive use of chemical products to promote crop growth. These activities are known to have a significant impact on urban and rural soils, contributing significantly to elevated concentrations of potentially hazardous elements in the environment. This industrial corridor is an area of economic and social development that needs to provide reference information that will allow us to know the state of soil quality to preserve and manage the public and geoenvironmental health of this region. Anthropogenic activities have contributed to the accumulation of potentially hazardous elements in the environment, affecting various levels of life and creating risks with economic and social implications. However, igneous activity or detrital deposition also enriches soils and creates geochemical anomalies in specific locations. In these cases, the identification of potentially hazardous elements involves the determination of likely sources of contamination and their relationship to the geological setting. In this study, the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe, Zn, Hg, Cu and Ni were determined in eighty-one soil samples from the Boyacá industrial corridor (Colombia). The sequential trend of the concentrations of potentially hazardous elements was as follows: Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu> Pb > As > Cd > Hg. Furthermore, the application of spatial analysis criteria in GIS software with multivariate statistical tools and geochemical indices allowed the identification of anthropogenic and geogenic sources. Most of the potentially hazardous elements were found in soils exposed to industrial and agricultural activities, except for iron. This element showed low variability in all samples, regardless of the geological formations. Due to the lack of reference values for potentially hazardous elements in Colombia, the concentrations were compared with the environmental standards of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment, Water and Ecological Transition (MAE). The results demonstrate the complexity of the soil and represent the first exploratory study of potentially hazardous elements in this industrial corridor. These results are the starting point for the establishment of geochemical background lines in Colombia and for inspection policies for areas where productive activities converge.