Dental Area Research Articles

Prevalence of facial trauma in contact sports practitioners in the Federal District of Brazil

Aims: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of oral and dentoalveolar trauma among contact sports practitioners in the Federal District of Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a questionnaire developed specifically for this research regarding the occurrence of facial trauma, site of injuries, how they occurred, the approach is taken to solve the problem, and the use of several types of mouthguards. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software, and the chi-square test (X2) was chosen to examine the differences between categorical variables. The results were considered statistically significant for p<0.05. Results: A total of 141 athletes were interviewed, with a prevalence of facial trauma of 65.2%, which was higher in professional athletes (71.1%). Lesions ranged from soft tissue lacerations to combined trauma; and the most frequent injuries were soft tissue laceration (53.3%), combined trauma (16.3%), and dental fracture (9.8%). Only 20.6% of the participants required treatment for related injuries. Regarding the use of mouthguards, 34% of the athletes reported regular use of this device, and Type II mouthguard was the most used (39.7%). Dentists participate in the process of production and dissemination of mouthguards in 17.1% and 10.5% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: The data showed that most athletes are not aware of the importance of using mouthguards. The dentist must be more present in the area of sports dentistry, both for awareness and production of these devices, which support the safe practice of contact sports.

The Contribution of the Brazilian Dental Journal to the Brazilian Scientific Research over 30 Years.

The Brazilian Dental Journal (BDJ) was officially launched in 1990, stimulated by the courage and boldness of researchers dedicated to teaching and research in dentistry. The journal was conceived in a worldwide coverage and universal language to allow publication of the results of Brazilian studies, which otherwise would not be accessible to the scientific dental community. In the year we celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of BDJ, this article presents a brief overview of Brazilian dental research and a bibliometric analysis of the articles published in this journal as a contribution to our readers and fellow researchers. The purpose was to identify the mot frequent categories of study, the most published areas of dentistry and BDJ's top 50 most-cited articles in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. A search was performed on all BDJ online issues published from 1990 to 2019. In this period, BDJ published 1,710 articles. Based on their distribution by category of study, 557 articles were in the basic research/dental materials area, 527 in the basic research/biology area and 280 in the clinical research area. Eight articles were cited more than 100 times in the Scopus database and 266 times in the Google Scholar database. Endodontics was the most published area. This overview of BDJ production over those 30 years allows establishing a profile of the characteristics, impact and trends of the published studies, as well as the journal's contribution to the top 50 most-cited articles in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases.

Dental schools and clinical endodontics in Brazilian Dental education institutions

Este estudo transversal do tipo censo avaliou características dos cursos e os modelos de ensino de endodontia clínica nos cursos de Odontologia no Brasil. Realizou-se acesso a sítios eletrônicos de 452 cursos registrados no Cadastro Nacional de Cursos e Instituições de Educação Superior do Ministério da Educação. As variáveis de interesse foram: dados da instituição; presença de matriz curricular e projeto pedagógico do curso: dados do curso (número de semestres, turno de realização), dados referentes à área de endodontia clínica. Os dados foram inseridos em banco de dados e foi realizada análise estatística descritiva. A graduação em Odontologia ocorre majoritariamente em instituições privadas (86,3%) e na região sudeste (37,8%), sendo os cursos em sua maioria diurnos (73,8%). A matriz curricular e os projetos pedagógicos estavam disponíveis em 76,5% e 23,4%, respectivamente, sendo predominantemente encontrados nos sítios eletrônicos de instituições públicas. O ensino de endodontia clínica tem início em diferentes momentos, conforme o curso, iniciando no terceiro semestre e pode ocorrer de forma isolada ou em clínica integrada. Conclui-se que há um predomínio de oferta de ensino de graduação em Odontologia em instituições privadas. Há um número restrito de vagas em cursos noturnos. Há uma tendência que o ensino de endodontia clínica ocorra de forma integrada com as demais áreas da Odontologia. A coleta de informações é dificultada pelo número restrito de projetos pedagógicos disponíveis para consulta. O total acesso a estar informações permitiria que o aluno, ao ingressar na instituição, conheça como ocorrerá o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Review of Different Materials that can be CAD/CAM Processed Description, chemical composition, indications in dentistry areas

The objective of this paper is to inform on the indications, appearance and advantages offered by each category of materials used in CAD / CAM technique for different prosthetic restorations.Modern techniques in restorative dentistry include CAD/CAM systems and materials that can be CAD/CAM processed. It is very important to know the physical-chemical properties and the indications of these materials to translate the patient�s wishes to reality providing the ideal restoration. There are a variety of CAD/CAM materials to choose from, all designed to provide efficient restoration design and production. We can choose from available materiales including glass ceramics, nano ceramics, zirconia, hybrid ceramics, BioHPP, in blocks or disks form.

MODERN ASPECTS OF PERIIMPLANTITIS TREATMENT METHODS

Dental implantology is currently one of the relevant areas of orthopedic dentistry. The introduction of the following methods in practical medicine (bone grafting, sinus lifting, transposition of the mandibular nerve) contributed to a significant expansion of the indications for this treatment method. The negative side is the possible development of the most formidable complication, peri-implantitis, which contributes to dysfunction of the installed implants and worsens the quality of life of patients. Important in preventing re-implantation in this area is the timely implementation of conservative therapy methods (systemic and local antibiotic therapy; use of antiseptics). Among antiseptics, particular importance is given to chlorhexidine-containing drugs, the effectiveness of which has been demonstrated in many studies.

Review of Different Materials that can be CAD/CAM Processed Description, chemical composition, indications in dentistry areas

The objective of this paper is to inform on the indications, appearance and advantages offered by each category of materials used in CAD / CAM technique for different prosthetic restorations.Modern techniques in restorative dentistry include CAD/CAM systems and materials that can be CAD/CAM processed. It is very important to know the physical-chemical properties and the indications of these materials to translate the patient’s wishes to reality providing the ideal restoration. There are a variety of CAD/CAM materials to choose from, all designed to provide efficient restoration design and production. We can choose from available materiales including glass ceramics, nano ceramics, zirconia, hybrid ceramics, BioHPP, in blocks or disks form. Keywords: CAD/CAM technology, CAD/CAM materials, properties, indications

ENGLISH DENTAL TERMINOLOGY: FUNCTIONAL ASPECT

The article deals with the study of dental terms in the English language. The final aim of the work is to study and analyze morphological features of the given group of medical terms. The research has been done on the basis of several dictionaries, namely Dental Dictionary, New Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus of the English Language, The Oxford English Reference Dictionary. The volume of investigated material is 200 terms, obtained by consecutive selection. Terminology constitutes the greatest part of every language vocabulary. It is also its most intensely developing part, the class giving the largest number of new formations. The following structural subgroups of the analyzed terms have been singled out: simple terms, compound terms, terminological word combinations. The vast majority of simple terms are expressed by nouns - 120, and only 10 are adjectives, such as buccal, lingual, mesial. Such grammatical expressiveness of the studied terms confirms the opinion of the researchers that the noun is a universal means for the transfer of all categories of terminological concepts, since this part of speech has a high degree of abstraction, which expresses technical objects, qualities and actions. The most common terminological phrases are two-word phrases, expressed by the combination of an adjective with a noun and two nouns. As for the semantic expression of components of terminological phrases, they are represented as combinations of the common word with the term (Local anesthetic); two terms (Periodontal pocket) or two common words (Bad Breath) that, in the context of a phrase, have the meaning of a term. Several areas of dentistry have emerged relatively recently and are actively developing now, contributing to the emergence of new terms. We see the prospect of further research in considering the structural parameters of dental terminology in English.

Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: recent findings and current research

Abstract Prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, most of which are life threatening and incurable, is an increasing clinical problem. To date, studies have demonstrated a superior proliferation rate of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) compared to other mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. DPSCs has recently been recognized as a novel treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disease, due to their advanced potential for neurogenic differentiation. The oral cavity has been described as a promising source of dental pulp stem cells. DPSCs are widely used in regenerative dentistry holding alternative capacity for osteogenic differentiation and therefore new promises for tissue and whole tooth regeneration. Dental stem cell banking offers a plentiful source of stem cells representing great potential for cell reprogramming and thus cell therapy. Recently, the association of pulp stem cells with three – dimensional scaffold templates allows for building up naturally derived implants. This review introduces to unique properties of DPSCs and biological factors influencing mineralization, proliferation and differentiation of pulp stem cells. Latest research studies are compared in terms of effectiveness and limitations of techniques for the isolation of pulp stem cells, including the enzymatic digestion and the explant culture methods. Moreover, a short overview of most recent findings and clinical application of DPSCs is proffered including progress of current research and limitations still to be addressed in the nearest future. Finally, the article presents new advances in the area of regenerative dentistry and regenerative medicine, including three dimensional printing and three dimensional analysis, emerged to deepen studies under procedures to replace the non patient specific artificial implants. Running title: DPSCs - review

Do modern dental care systems adequately meet the health needs of citizens? Poland comparing to EU

Abstract Background residents of highly developed countries do not have universal access to dental care at a level corresponding to the current needs, that results from the ongoing socio-economic, health and demographic changes. Dental care is fragmentary, covers only selected population groups, by far the largest negligence is in the field of prevention. Poland is an example of bad oral health status, where dental caries index for adolescents in all ages groups has been the highest in Europe. Objective The aim of this study was to carry out an analysis of some organizational, financial and social aspects of a dental care in Poland, comparing to EU countries, and to identify the main causes of a bad oral health outcomes. Material and methods This research presents findings from the 610 dental providers interviews, carried out in 2018. The survey consisted of 32 questions, concerning all relevant aspects of dental clinics activity. Statistical analyzes were performed in a SAS package - 9.4 version. Results Poland has the highest number of dentists in EU (9.9 per 100 thou. of population) while the average for EU is 6.6. Dental rooms are modernly equipped. Dentists apply the newest technologies, they are constantly improving their knowledge and implement the TQM tools. Less than 30 % of patients are treated in public system, the average waiting time for the appointment in public sector is three times longer than in private one. Dentists perform the care of young people mainly in the area of conservative dentistry. Conclusions Improving children’s oral health should be a public health priority in Poland. Public authorities in a very limited extent participate in the organization, financing, supplying and supervising of dental care. Health promotion programs are ineffective, health needs assessment aren’t being done, we observe the lack of cooperation between the key health institutions and lack of tools to identify socio-economic inequalities. Key messages Research financed by Medical University of Silesia in Katowice. The aim of the study was to carry out an analysis of some organizational, financial, social aspects of a dental care in Poland comparing to EU, and to identify the causes of a bad health outcomes.

Why dentists should consider a career in orthodontic academia.

Orthodontics, like all areas of dentistry, offers the option to pursue a career in academia. In addition to providing clinical care for patients, academic orthodontists have a role in educating dental students and the wider dental community. There is also the option to engage with and undertake research, which may advance treatment and improve patient care. There is currently a shortage of academic orthodontists in the UK, with institutions reporting difficulties in the recruitment to academic posts. This problem is not only confined to orthodontics but widespread among dentistry. As a result, there is concern regarding the long-term future of dental academia. This paper considers why this might be the case and aims to raise awareness of the shortage in dental academic staff. It will discuss some of the main reasons put forward to explain this shortage and offer information and guidance to those interested in pursuing a career as an orthodontic academic.

An Experimental Review of Optical Coherence Tomography Systems for Noninvasive Assessment of Hard Dental Tissues

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging technique. To date, OCT has been demonstrated in several areas of dentistry, primarily using wavelengths around 1,300 nm, low numerical aperture (NA) imaging lenses, and detectors insensitive to the polarization of light. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of three commercially available OCT systems operating with alternative wavelengths, imaging lenses, and detectors for OCT imaging of dental enamel. Spectral-domain (SD) OCT systems with (i) 840 nm (Lumedica, OQ LabScope 1.0), (ii) 1,300 nm (Thorlabs, Tel320) center wavelengths, and (iii) a swept-source (SS) OCT system (Thorlabs OCS1300SS) centered at 1,325 nm with optional polarization-sensitive detection were used. Low NA (0.04) and high NA (0.15) imaging lenses were used with system (iii). Healthy in vivo and in vitrohuman enamel and eroded in vitro bovine enamel specimens were imaged. The Tel320 system achieved greater imaging depth than the OQ LabScope 1.0, on average imaging 2.6 times deeper into the tooth (n = 10). The low NA lens provided a larger field of view and depth of focus, while the high NA lens provided higher lateral resolution and greater contrast. Polarization-sensitive imaging eliminated birefringent banding artifacts that can appear in conventional OCT scans. In summary, this study illustrates the performance of three commercially available OCT systems, objective lenses, and imaging modes and how these can affect imaging depth, resolution, field of view, and contrast in enamel. Users investigating OCT for dental applications should consider these factors when selecting an OCT system for clinical or basic science studies.

Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID): A development protocol.

Reporting guidelines can improve the quality of reports of research findings. Some specialities in health care however require guidance on areas that are not captured within the existing guidelines, and this is the case for Paediatric Dentistry where no such standards are available to guide the reporting of different types of study designs. The 'Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry' (RAPID) group aims to address this need by developing guidelines on reporting elements of research of particular relevance to Paediatric Dentistry. The development of RAPID guidelines will involve a five-phase process including a Delphi study, which is an explicit consensus development method designed and implemented in accordance with the Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies. The guideline development process will be overseen by an Executive Group. Themes specific to areas in Paediatric Dentistry will be selected, and items to be included under each theme will be identified by members of the Executive Group reviewing at least five reports of experimental and analytical study types using existing reporting guidelines. For the Delphi study, the Executive Group will identify an international multidisciplinary RAPID Delphi Group (RDG) of approximately 60 participants including academics, Paediatric Dentists, parents, and other stakeholders. Each item will be evaluated by RDG on clarity using a dichotomous scale ('well phrased' or 'needs revision') and on suitability for inclusion in the Delphi study using a 9-point Likert scale (1='definitely not include' to 9='definitely include'). The items will then be included in an online Delphi study of up to four rounds, with participants invited from stakeholder groups across Paediatric Dentistry. Items scored 7 or above by at least 80% of respondents will be included in the checklist and further discussed in a face-to-face Delphi consensus meeting. Following this, the Executive Group will finalize the RAPID guidelines. The guidelines will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and disseminated at scientific meetings and conferences. All the outputs from this project will be made freely available on the RAPID website: www.rapid-statement.org.

Desenvolvimento de habilidades na formação de estudantes de Odontologia: a contribuição da Terapia Ocupacional e da Psicologia

Relata-se a experiência de um Curso de Odontologia no desenvolvimento de habilidades psicomotoras, cognitivas e sociais dos discentes a partir da atuação interprofissional entre as áreas de Odontologia, Psicologia e Terapia Ocupacional. Descreve-se o diagnóstico e o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dessas habilidades em atividades curriculares obrigatórias (unidades curriculares) e não obrigatórias (Projeto de Acompanhamento de Competências Técnicas de Odontologia – PACTO). Verificou-se que, além do pioneirismo da inserção curricular da Psicologia e da Terapia Ocupacional no desenvolvimento de habilidades para a práxis odontológica, essa experiência visibiliza aos docentes e discentes e à comunidade acadêmica a importância dos aspectos psicomotores, cognitivos e sociais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Odontologia.

Polysiloxanes as polymer matrices in biomedical engineering: their interesting properties as the reason for the use in medical sciences

Polysiloxanes have been found to be the most important and commercial family of synthetic inorganic polymers. The unique structure of the siloxane bond provides them with unusual features such as a high bond angle, nearly inexistent torsional barrier and a semi-ionic character due to the difference of electronegativities between the silicon and oxygen atoms. Also, silicon-based polymers have been used for the delivery of pharmaceutical and diagnostic compounds involving the use of nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes, as well as hydrogels, including those based on silicon compounds. Hydrogels based on silicon polyolates are rather promising. Some of them exhibit pronounced anti-inflammatory, regenerating, and protective activity, readily penetrate the organism and facilitate drug penetration into the tissues. Due to these properties, polysiloxanes have encountered a big opportunity as an important material in the area of biomedical engineering; the big influence they have in the area of prosthetic dentistry, tissue engineering, cell growth, wounded skin treatments is noteworthy. For the reasons briefly described above, we consider the fact of doing a review about how the polysiloxanes have been used over the years as polymeric matrices that are used in several applications in the field of biomedical engineering.

The use of bone grafts in dental practice

Introduction: The aim of this study is to describe, via literature review, the use of bone grafts and the types most commonly used to rebuild following alveolar bone loss.&#x0D; Methodology: This literature review was conducted using the following databases: Pubmed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Scielo (http://www.scielo.org/php/index.php). The keywords for the textual search were: Bone Regeneration; Alveolar Bone Grafting; Dental Research; Dentistry. The inclusion criteria were: Literature that covers the subject under study, Literature of the last five years (from 2014 until 2019), English Language, systematic review, laboratory and clinical studies. The exclusion criteria were: literature review, letter to the editor, opinion article, literature duplicated in databases and literature that did not address the variables under study.&#x0D; Literature Review: 186 articles were found, but according to the inclusion criteria, only 30 were selected for this study. Bone is a specialized, vascularized and dynamic connective tissue that changes over the life of the organism. When injured, it has a unique capacity for regeneration and repair without the presence of scars, but in some situations due to the defect size, the bone tissue does not regenerate completely; thus, it is necessary to perform bone grafting procedures.&#x0D; Conclusion: The use of bone grafts in dentistry is shown to be a very effective and useful resource considering its great applicability in bone reconstructions in various areas of dentistry. However, greater knowledge about the viability and&#x0D; influence of biomaterials, whether associated to autogenous grafts or not, on bone repair is necessary.

Ergonomía y calidad de vida laboral en la praxis odontológica

Se aplicó una investigación descriptiva y un diseño no experimental, transeccional de campo con la finalidad de analizar la ergonomía y calidad de vida en la praxis odontológica. Para tal fin se trabajó con el método LEST, el cual se basa en recopilar información sobre 6 dimensiones. Si los odontólogos objeto de investigación, no mejoran su condición ergonómica corren el riesgo de profundizar las causas que le están afectando, pudiendo generarse lesiones o enfermedades en detrimento de la calidad de vida. Es necesario promover la ergonomía en el área de la odontología con la finalidad de concienciar a los odontólogos a estar en condiciones óptimas de salud, generándose una cultura epidemiológica social de prevención.

The funding sources of implantology research in the period 2008-2017: A bibliometric analysis.

Implant dentistry is subject to major economic pressures as a result of the growth in the manufacturing and commercialization of dental implants. To examine research funding in implant dentistry by means of a bibliometric analysis of articles indexed in Web of Science (WoS) published during the period 2008-2017. The search was conducted applying the truncated term "implant*" in the WoS dentistry area. Only items labeled as "article" or "review" were selected. Records were manually refined and normalized to unify terms and to remove typographical, transcription, and/or indexing errors. A total of 14 255 records were identified for analysis. About 5002 of the 14 255 published works received funding. Of these, 85.9% of funded research articles received at least one citation. Of the 7733 funding entities mentioned, 29.8% were government entities, 25% NGOs and Foundations, 23.7% private companies, 19.6% academic entities, and 1.9% hospitals and research centers. Clinical Oral Implants Research and the International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants published the highest numbers of funded articles. This study revealed an overall increase in the funding of research in implant dentistry in recent years. Funded articles were cited more frequently and published in journals with higher impact factors.

Accuracy and reliability of enamel and dentin thickness measurements on micro-computed tomography and digital periapical radiographs#

Abstract In the application of scientific human skeletal variation in medico-legal matters, virtual anthropology is the current technique performed to examine skeleton and its body parts. Digital imaging techniques are used in many areas of dentistry and forensic dentistry. Among all digital imaging modalities, digital periapical radiography (PR) are the most widely used, however, new contemporary imaging techniques micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) can be also used. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of enamel and dentin thickness measurement through intra and inter-observer error analysis, and comparison was made between periapical radiographs and Micro-CT methods. In this study 15 maxillary first premolar were used which extracted for various reasons. Enamel and dentin thicknesses and maximum cervical crown widths (MCCW) of 15 premolar teeth were examined in both Micro-CT and periapical radiographs. The results obtained with the exact maximum cervical crown widths were compared Image J software version. A digital caliper was used to measure the actual MCCW of the teeth. Results exhibited no significant differences in the measurements by the intra or inter-observer error analyses. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were more than 0.95 by both intra and inter-observer error analyses. There was significant differences in the measurements by PR and Micro-CT methods. By parameters, Micro-CT showed the highest R value (0.962) with the least error in different methods and observers. In conclusion, dentin and enamel measurements by Micro-CT was highly accurate and reliable as in the conventional method (PR). Micro-CT evaluations should be recommended for implementation in the future anthropological studies especially in countries with limited source of dental data.

Editor Note

Dear Readers, It is with great delight to introduce you ˝Journal of Dentistry and Oral Sciences˝, the journal aiming to publish works of great distinctions in the area of dentistry. The intention of this journal is to bring broader information to the readers in a convenient way, to meet the expectation of academicians, researchers, dental practitioners, students and manufacturers for the latest advances in the field.

Development of guidelines for improving oral health in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

The purpose of this project was to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of oral health (OH) for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Individuals with PD have significantly poorer OH than the general population. Poor OH is a risk factor for systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections. After an extensive literature review was completed, available evidence was evaluated for inclusion in the initial draft of the guidelines. The draft was then reviewed for content validity by experts in the areas of dentistry, dental hygiene and neurology using the Delphi method. After consensus among the content experts, final guidelines were completed. The final CPG was presented to individuals with PD and their caregivers at a support group. Participants were asked to review the information in the guidelines for 2weeks and then submit a survey regarding the usefulness of the CPG. The CPG was also evaluated by practicing nurse practitioners (NPs) and dental hygienists using the AGREE II tool. Twenty people from the PD support group participated in the educational intervention, and surveys were received from 14 participants. Overall, participants agreed or strongly agreed with each statement related to the applicability and usefulness of the guidelines. The CPG was evaluated using the AGREE II tool, and scores were >80% in all domains with an overall score of 97.1%. Development of these guidelines represent an initial step in improving the oral health and overall health of individuals with PD.