Areas In West Sumatra Research Articles

Short Communication: Genotyping of kdr allele in insecticide resistant-Aedes aegypti populations from West Sumatra, Indonesia

Hasmiwati, Supargiyono. 2018. Short Communication: Genotyping of kdr allele in insecticide resistant-Aedes aegypti populations from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 552-558. Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of Dengue fever, is widely distributed in Indonesia including in West Sumatra. Chemical insecticide is an effective way of shedding the chain of Dengue fever transmission. Long-term applications of insecticides have resulted in the development of resistance in Ae. aegypti populations. Knockdown resistance (kdr) allele as a result of point mutations has been found in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) gene. This study aimed to design allele-specific primers to detect the kdr allele mutations. Ae aegypti samples were collected from several dengue endemic areas in West Sumatra. The susceptibility of adult mosquitos to insecticides was determined by bioassays using impregnation paper test with 0.18% malathion and 0.75% permethrin. In this study, we successfully confirmed that the A. populations have point mutations in the VGSC gene corresponding to S989P and V1016G amino acid substitutions. To genotype S989P and V1016G alleles, we designed kdr allele-specific primers based on the sequence of VGSC gene (NCBI Accession number No. EU399179.1. PCR analysis using the kdr allele-specific primers successfully identified the genotype of Ae. aegypti populations resistant to malathion and permethrin in West Sumatra.

Spatial Analysis of Determinants of Filariasis-Endemic Areas in West Sumatra

West Pasaman District and Agam District are filariasis-endemic areas in West Sumatra with prevalence of 12.40 per 100,000 cases and 11.27 per 100,000 cases respectively. This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with the prevalence of filariasis and mapping the vulnerability of the area in West Sumatra. A case control study design was conducted in the West Pasaman District and Agam District. The study used a sample of 74 cases and 74 controls taken by simple random sampling for the case and purposive random sampling for control. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate, multivariate and spatial. The results in Agam District showed that variables associated relation with filariasis (p value < 0.05) were the level of knowledge, plantations, the paddy, the ceiling of the house. The most dominant risk factor was knowledge. Type of vector that was found was Culex. While in West Pasaman District, the variable associated with filariasis (p value < 0.05) was the use of mosquito nets, the habit of dressing, marshes, and ceiling. The most dominant risk factor was the ceiling of the house.

THE CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION INNOVATION USING PALM OIL BY-PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION IN WEST SUMATRA

A study has been conducted on the crop-livestock integration innovation using palm oil by-products technology to support beef cattle production in 2014. The collected data consisted of (i) Socio-economic aspects, (ii) The body weight gain of cattle, and (iii) Palm oil production. These data were taken from Sri Langgeng farmers group (13 respondents) in Dharmasraya district and Tanjung Keramat farmers group (10 respondents) in West Pasaman district. The results of the socio economic aspects showed; the average age of farmers was 39 years old, owned palm oil plantation of 2,2 and, 4,1 ha, and owned of 4.2 and 6.2 head of cattle in Tanjung Keramat and Sri Langgeng respectively. The average monthly income was Rp 1.63 million and about Rp 1.05 million derived from livestock contribution in Tanjung Keramat, and Rp 1.65 million and about Rp 1.71 million derived from livestock contribution in Sri Langgeng. Feeding a supplement of palm oil by-products increased cattle growth by about 0.14 and 0.09 kg/head/day at Sri Langgeng and Tanjung Keramat respectively. In contrast, the animals in a control treatment experienced body weight losses of -0.17 and -0.11 kg/head/day. The application of organic fertilizer from cattle manure, above the inorganic fertilizer, increased the palm oil fruit by 39.4% and 48.4%. The research proved that there is an opportunity to accelerate the adoption process of crop-livestock integration in palm oil plantation areas in West Sumatra.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN WEST SUMATERA SEAWATERS ASSOCIATED WITH INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) EVENT IN TRANSITIONAL SEASONS (AUGUST-OCTOBER) (Case Study: Pasumpahan and Sibonta Island)

<p class="katakunci">Along with the issue of climate change which is characterized by an increase in global temperature, the sea surface temperatures (SST) also allegedly helped change that has direct and consequential to the phenomenon of coral bleaching that occurred in the waters Pasumpahan, Sibonta and several other areas in West Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to identify anomalies in the sea surface temperature in the waters Pasumpahan and Sibonta due to the influence of the phenomenon of Indian Ocean Dipole. The method used is purposive quantitative with perform spatial analysis (Inverse Distance Weighted). Primary data are consisted of SST and tide data which measured using the HOBO U20 titanium water level data logger. The secondary data are consisted of RBI map, Google eye image and tide forecast. SST around Pasumpahan waters ranged from 30-30,6<sup>o</sup>C and Sibonta waters ranged from 30,1-30,6°C. At a depth of 25 meters, Pasumpahan waters temperature ranged from 29,152-30,457°C and Sibonta waters temperature ranged from 26,28-28,5°C, the surface elevation ranged from 0,83 to 1,17 m from MSL point, rainfall average in August until October ranged from 5,64-7,71 mm. The rainfall, temperature and surface elevation changes are affecting each other. Temperature anomalies occurred in the Sibonta waters due to the closer location with Indian Ocean, directly influence to Sibonta waters temperature that is relatively volatile.</p>

Iron ore deposits model using geoelectrical resistivity method with dipole-dipole array

Mining industry is an industry with very high risk (losses). In order that mining activities can be run well, then the potential of the Earth’s resources must be known for sure. one of the Earth’s resources of high economic value is the iron ore. Iron ore is rarely found in a free state in nature, it is usually associated with other minerals and exposed randomly. With these properties, iron ore needs to be modeled before doing mining activities in order to avoid large losses. Iron ore deposits can be modeled with geoelectrical resistivity method. Dipole-dipole array will produce good imaging both vertically and laterally. From the measurement results of geoelectrical resistivity with dipole-dipole array will be obtained the value of measuring the current and potential difference. This value will generate into 2D and 3D model of the cross section of the iron ore deposits. One of the areas in West Sumatra has the potential for iron ore. Five lines were applied in this area. The result of cross section got the iron minerals associated with quartzite at 30 meters depth below the surface.

Analisis Keragaman Genetik Acremonium yang Berasosiasi dengan Tanaman Gaharu Menggunakan Teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

<p>Agarwood<br />or gaharu is a plant that has a high economic value in Asia,<br />due to its use for production of incense and traditional<br />medicines. The agarwood formation occurs in the trunk and<br />roots of trees that have been infected by a fungus, such as<br />Acremonium spp. Various fungi were associated with the<br />agarwood formation. Acremonium is generally considered as<br />highly polyphyletic, contains distantly related fungi. A study<br />was done to identify genetic diversities in 10 isolates of<br />Acremonium spp. from four different areas in Indonesia that<br />are associated with Aquilaria and Gyrinops verstigii using the<br />Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique.<br />Eight RAPD primers, i.e., OPA 02, OPB 04, OPB 07, OPB 17,<br />OPC 11, OPD 03, OPD 05, and OPE 07 were used in the<br />analyses. The results indicated that similarity index values of<br />the genetic variation ranged from 0.21 to 0.97. Based on the<br />Nei and Li’s similarity coefficients, these values indicating<br />the presence of high degree of genetic variability. The lowest<br />degree of genetic similarity were found between isolates F<br />(Acremonium spp., which is associated with G. verstigii from<br />Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat), and LM2 from south coastal<br />area of West Sumatra. The highest genetic similarity value<br />(0.97) was found between isolates Sr2 and Sr4 from Sorong,<br />Papua. Results from the cluster analysis indicated that the<br />isolates could be grouped into two major clusters that were<br />associated with their geographical locations.</p>

NILAI FILOSOFIS BUDAYA MATRILINEAL DI MINANGKABAU (RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENGEMBANGAN HAK-HAK PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA)

This research is a qualitative research to find an essence of matrilineal culture in Minangkabau tradition from the philosophical perspective of Feminism. Method of data collection is dividing research areas in West Sumatra into two big groups that are Minang Pesisir and Minang Bukit. Then, collecting data through direct interview and observation to get data about matrilineal system in West Sumatra. Data which has collected then be analyzed using interpretation and hermeneutics method and described as a concept to develop the rights of enforcer process of woman in Indonesia. This research is to develop the woman movements and law concerning femininity in Indonesia that is more suitable with the personality and cultural of Indonesia because it lifted from local and cultural wisdom in Indonesia. The expectation is that it will be able to more suitable to the agenda of offering values of feminist appropriate for public of Indonesia.

Detection of Transovarial Dengue Virus with RT-PCR in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) Larvae Inhabiting Phytotelmata in Endemic DHF Areas in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Transovarial dengue virus detection by RT-PCR in Ae.albopictus larvae that inhabit Phytotelmata has been conducted in several dengue endemic areas in West Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to determine whether larval Ae. albopictus inhabiting Phytotelmata is a potential transmitter of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The results concluded that Ae.albopictus larvae which inhabited Phytotelmata positively contained two serotypes of dengue virus (DEN-1) and (DEN-4) which has the potential to transmit and spread DHF.

KEARIFAN BUDAYA LOKAL MASYARAKAT MARITIM UNTUK UPAYA MITIGASI BENCANA DI SUMATERA BARAT

Local wisdom that exists in the community is potentially a very valuable in dealing with the problems of natural disasters that hit the region. Understanding of the potential of local wisdom in dealing with the threat of natural disasters is important in disaster mitigation efforts in disaster-prone areas. One of the natural disaster-prone areas in West Sumatra that have the potential of local cultural wisdom is Ulakan Nagari, Kec. Ulakan Tapakis, Kab. Padang Pariaman. This region includes the areas worst affected by the earthquake last 30 September 2009. However, these communities do not get a lot of casualties caused by the earthquake The power of religion as a major potential cultural wisdom of this community, namely the existence of the tomb of the great scholar Shaykh Burhanuddin considered believed society could reject any disaster so that when disaster strikes, the community has a great power to anticipate the disaster. The community did with various religious traditions, such as dhikr (prayer) in the tomb and on the waterfront and implement indigenous tradition (sort of ceremony Tabuik) as a sign of gratitude to Allah SWT. Besides the religious aspect, the public trust with marine geography which has the power of a tsunami hazard barrier so that people believe that the tsunami would not harm them

THE DISCOURSE OF EID 1429AH/2011AD GREETINGS ON THE BANNERS AND BILLBOARDS IN PADANG CITY

Eid al-Fitr is special compared to other holy days of Muslims. In addition to the celebration of victory for Muslims after a month-long fasting, there is a national phenomenon that occurs ahead of the Eid al-Fitr: the flow of urban people returning to their home towns and villlages. Millions of Muslims in Indonesia return home ahead of the holy day. Padang city or Ranah Minang as the capital of West Sumatra Province is one of the destinations for those homeward-bound travelers since the city and other areas in West Sumatra are the hometowns of the Minang people. Simultaneously, in every public space in the city, banners are installed by the head of the local government, political parties, or community leaders to deliver Eid greetings. This article examines the discourse of the message on the banners in the city of Padang in relation to the reality around the place where the banners were installed, the social context, as well as the relationship between the discourses on the banners.
 
 Keywords: Discourse, Eid Greetings

Perkembangan Populasi Ternak Besar Dan Unggas Pada Kawasan Agribisnis Peternakan Di Sumatera Barat

This study was conducted to look at developing of ruminant and poultry population in agribusiness area in West Sumatra . The research method was used a literature study of farm statistics in 2011. Data analysis was done by descriptive qualitative agribusiness areas in West Sumatra with livestock population data Regency/City in West Sumatra 2011 and the results were depicted through graphs . The results showed that the area of agribusiness farms that had been established by the government of West Sumatra there were several areas of the district / city that was also the potential to served the agribusiness area not included in the region and vice versa. West Sumatra province had considerable potential for the development of both ruminant and poultry. Ruminant such as beef cattle was very good to be developed in the Pesisir Selatan, Padang Pariaman and 50 Kota with a population of respectively 23 % and 10 % of the total cattle population was in West Sumatra. Buffalo potential to be developed in Agam, Padang Pariaman, and Sijunjung . Types of poultry chicken laying and broiler with the largest number of population was 5,867,890 and 4,796,490 tails tails were in Limapuluh Kota which was the production center for the cattle.

Diversity of parasitoid Lepidopterans larvae on Brassicaceae in West Sumatra

Nelly N, Rusli R, Yaherwandi, Yusmarika F (2010) Diversity of parasitoid Lepidopterans larvae on Brassicaceae. Biodiversitas 11: 93-96. Diversity of parasitoid lepidopterans larvae on Brassicaceae was conducted in several Brassicaceae areas in West Sumatra. The objective of the research was to study the diversity of parasitoid lepidopterans larvae on Brassicaceae. Sampling was conducted on Brassicaceae plants: cabbage, cauliflower, petsai and sawi. It was taken five samples in every plot, by using W method. Collection technique was done by direct collecting larvae, by using yellow trap and insect net. Adult of parasitoids was identified until family. The result of the research indicated that there was the diversity of parasitoid lepidopterans, the highest diversity was found on sawi. Thenumber of parasitoid Lepidopterans larvae found was 566, 83 species, 9 families. The degree of parasitation on the three plants was low.Key words: Brassicaceae, diversity of parasitoid, Lepidoptera.

Biochemical aspects of the investigation of ammonium urate bladder stone formation in Indonesian children

Ammonium urate was a major component of 87 bladder stones collected from children in the Padang area of West Sumatra over the past four years. Investigation of the aetiology has focused on the 2 major aspects of stone formation: (i) factors likely to effect an overload of ammonium ion, urate or both; (ii) a lack of inhibitors of crystal aggregation present in normal urine. Analysis of urine from stone-formers and controls from Padang has so far revealed significantly higher ammonia levels in the stone-formers but no difference in urate levels. The rice diet of the children of this region may contribute to the higher levels of urinary ammonia (a) because of its acidogenic nature and (b) because it is a relatively poor source of phosphate, the major buffering ion in urine. In an endeavour to find a portable and robust field technique for quantifying inhibitors of crystal aggregation in urine, a plaster setting-time test has been set up and standardized against the calcium oxalate aggregation test described by Robertson & Peacock (1972).

“Tradition”, matriliny and change among the Minangkabau of Indonesia

Minangkabau is perhaps best known in anthropological circles for its system of matrilineal clans and lineages. This fame is more than any thing else due to the important work of de Josselin de Jong (1951) based on a vast amount of literature devoted to the study of Minangkabau adat (customary law) which appeared in the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. The discussion of Minangkabau social organisation more recently has stimulated a considerable amount of work on the nature of social change in West Sumatra, and in particular on the effects of the penetration of capitalism on matrilineal organisation. Gough, for example, suggests traditional matrilineal systems break down as a result of economic changes brought about by contact with Western industrial nations. She argues the dissolution of matriliny means that matrilineal groups disintegrate. In their place, the elementary family emerges as the key kinship group ... (in Schneider and Gough, eds., 1962: 631). She cites the work of de Josselin de Jong and Schrieke (1955) in her attempt to show such is the case for Minang kabau. The student of modern Minangkabau society is, however, faced with a curious paradox. While Schrieke, writing of the period after the turn of the century, discussed the breakdown of matriliny, and while pre dictions of its demise are frequent (cf. Mare tin, 1961), matrilineal organisation seems to retain an important place in modern Minang kabau. This survival has been described for urban areas in West Sumatra (cf. Evers, 1975), but as yet little has been published on the role of present-day matrilineal kinship in its more setting, i.e. the nagari or villages of the Minangkabau heartland. It is my intention in this article to present a synthesis of some material