Areas In Sumatra Research Articles

Stenocranus pacificus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) are important pests on maize mix-cropped with oil palm in West Sumatra

Maize is commonly planted in monoculture. However, in several areas of West Sumatra, it is also cultivated as polyculture side-by-side with oil palm. The study aimed to investigate the important pests that attacked maize plants in oil palm plantations in Pasaman, West Sumatra. This research was conducted in existing and replanting oil palm plantations. Insect pests data collection was purposive random sampled from represented plots of maize plants that were attacked by pests. Five sample plots of 1x1 m2 were taken for assessing insect pests incidence. The average number of maize plant stalks observed 32. Observations were made on the condition of the maize and oil palm agroecosystem, species and populations, and symptoms of insect pests that attack maize. The result showed that Stenocranus pacificus and Spodoptera frugiperda were the most dominant insect pests. The insects damaged the leaves and stems of maize plants. Stenocranus pacificus population was 4.45 individuals/plants, and Spodoptera frugiperda was 1.7 individuals/plants. The maize in West Pasaman is mostly planted on oil palm plantations consisting of monoculture and in oil palms that would be replanted. It was found that two insect pest species were dominant attackers, i.e., Symptoms of the attacks were seen on the leaves and stems of the plants.

The role of customer satisfaction in mediating the effect of the evaluation of the bank's compliance with Islamic law on the continuous intention to use Islamic banking among coastal communities

This study aims to analyze the factors that cause low intention of Islamic bank customers to continue using banks' services, especially among those who live in coastal areas. The population in this study is the coastal community who are customers of Islamic banks and domiciled in the coastal areas of Aceh and North Sumatra. The sample size in this study was 200 respondents (Hair, 2009). Sampling was done by stratified random sampling method with the following proportions: Aceh 40%, North Sumatra 60%. In this study, the sampling method used the census technique. Data analysis used SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) to verify the path of the relationship between variables in this study using IBM SPSS-AMOS software version 22. The results showed that Of the 3 direct hypotheses tested, the effect of Evaluation of bank's compliance with Islamic law on Customer satisfaction, the effect of Evaluation of bank's compliance with Islamic law on Continuous Intention to Use Islamic Banking and The effect of Customer Satisfaction on Continuous Intention to Use Islamic Banking, all of which show a significant effect. On the indirect effect tested, the effect of Evaluation of bank's compliance with Islamic law on Continuous Intention to Use Islamic Banking mediated by Customer Satisfaction has also a significant effect. In contrast to previous studies, which mostly analyzed the reluctance of customers to switch to sharia banks because of the profit motive, this study tries to look at the phenomenon of the reluctance of coastal communities to stay in Islamic banks, especially related to the aspect of compliance with Islamic law which is carried out by Islamic bank practitioners as seen from customer perceptions.

Characteristics of Precipitation Diurnal Cycle over a Mountainous Area of Sumatra Island including MJO and Seasonal Signatures Based on the 15-Year Optical Rain Gauge Data, WRF Model and IMERG

In this study we investigate the characteristics of the diurnal precipitation cycle including the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and seasonal influences over a mountainous area in Sumatra Island based on the in situ measurement of precipitation using the optical rain gauge (ORG). For comparison with ORG data, the characteristics based on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission (IMERG) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations were also investigated. Fifteen years of ORG data over a mountainous area of Sumatra, namely, at Kototabang (100.32° E, 0.20° S), were analyzed to obtain the characteristics of the diurnal cycle of precipitation in this region. The diurnal cycle of precipitation presented a single peak in the late afternoon, and the peak time difference was closely related to the rain event duration. The MJO acts to modulate the diurnal amplitude but not the diurnal phase. A high precipitation amount (PA) and frequency (PF) were observed during phases 2, 3, and 4, along with an increase in the number of longer-duration rain events, but the diurnal phase was similar in all MJO phases. In terms of season, the highest PA and PF values were observed during pre-southwest and pre-northeast monsoon seasons. WRF simulation reproduced the diurnal phase correctly and more realistically than the IMERG products. However, it largely overestimated the amplitude of the diurnal cycle in comparison with ORG. These disagreements could be related to the resolution and quality of IMERG and WRF data.

Analisis Struktur Pasar Kentang Pada Pasar Relokasi di Plaju Palembang

Pasar Modern Plaju is a modern market, which was relocated from the traditional market Pasar Plaju so that there is a change in management of the market. Vegetables are the most widely sold commodity in the market, one of which is potatoes. Potatoes harvested area and production in South Sumatra had fluctuated in the past five years. Producer and consumer prices also fluctuated but have positive trends. Changes in market management and potato prices are always fluctuating, which would affect the market structure. The study aimed at determining the buying and selling activities and the structure of the potato market in Pasar Modern Plaju. The data came from 10 potato retailers. The data collected is daily data from buying and selling activities during January 2020 and was analyzed quantitatively. The analysis used was market concentration ratio (CR) and HHI (Herfindal-Hirschman Index). The result showed the diluent traders bought potatoes from a collector at a maximum of 600 kg per purchase, did not do grading, and the payment system was in cash. The market concentration ratio showed 59,18% CR4 and 93,27% CR8 was indicated that the structure of the potato market in Pasar Modern Plaju was oligopsony. HHI value 1.313 also showed that the potatoes market structure trend to word oligopsony market. These findings imply that the structure market can be influenced by the type of market.

Correlation of publication frequency of newspaper articles with environment and public health issues in fire-prone peatland regions of Riau in Sumatra, Indonesia

Forest fires in peatlands emit pollutants to the atmosphere, affecting public health. Though air quality data and epidemiology information are helpful in the management of the environment and public health, they are not always available. We aimed to reveal the utility of newspaper articles for estimating the public health concerns posed by air pollution. Using the database of a local newspaper, Riau Pos, in Riau Province of Sumatra, Indonesia, we have studied spatiotemporal correlations between publication frequency of newspaper articles mentioning search terms relevant to health issues and Fire Radiation Power (FRP) of peatland fires. FRP from one of the NASA satellite databases has been used as an index of air pollution caused by peatland fires. Visibility data for airport operation were also used as an index of particulate matter concentrations. The study regions are primarily the fire-prone Riau Province and nearby areas in the central area of Sumatra, Indonesia, from 2009 to 2018. Newspaper articles related to public health are found to be associated with FRP and visibility, or regional air pollution.

Statistical Comparison of IMERG Precipitation Products with Optical Rain Gauge Observations over Kototabang, Indonesia

Satellite-based precipitation estimates play a crucial role in many hydrological and numerical weather models, especially to overcome the scarcity of rain gauge data. Globally gridded rainfall product from Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) has been used in a wide range of hydrological applications. However, the IMERG is inherently prone to errors and biases. This study evaluated the performance of the IMERG-Final run (IMERG-F) product to estimate rainfall in a mountainous area of Sumatra. Validation was carried out using optical rain gauge (ORG) data for 15 years (2002-2016), at Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. In general, IMERG-F overestimated rainfall in all time scales. The longer the time scale was, the better the performance of IMERG-F we obtained. This feature was indicated by all quantities of continuous and categorical statistical matrices used. The performance of IMERG-F was lower than in other areas of the Maritime Continent, except for the probability of detection (POD) value. IMERG-F could detect rain very well, including for daily and hourly data, but the false alarm rate (FAR) was also relatively high. Such high FAR value may indicate a significant small-scale spatial rainfall variability in mountainous area of Sumatra.

Relationship between Preventive Behavioral Factors and Malaria Incidence in Endemic Areas of Lahat Regency in 2021

Background: Malaria is still one of the main infectious diseases of concern in the world. Lahat Regency is a moderate malaria-endemic area in South Sumatra, where there are still several villages with an API value above 1 and indigenous cases, although the average API value in all health facilities is below 1.
 Methods: Quantitative research with a case-control design was employed. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling with year strata, namely 2018, 2019 and 2020 with 50 case respondents and 100 control respondents. The total number of samples collected was 150. Case respondents were people who suffered from malaria and are recorded in the Malaria Surveillance Information System in the working area of the community health center, which has a village with an API value of 1 and the presence of indigenous cases. Control respondents were the closest neighbours of cases with the same age characteristics as the case. This study aimed to identify and analyse risk factors for preventive behaviour related to malaria incidence in the endemic area of the Lahat Regency.
 Results: : Bivariate analysis revealed that the habit of using insect repellent was connected with the incidence of malaria in the endemic region of Lahat Regency, with a p-value of 0.042 and an odds ratio of 2.160 in the endemic area. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant risk factor was the habit of using mosquito repellent.
 Conclusions: The habit of using mosquito repellent is a risk factor for malaria incidence in endemic areas of the Lahat Regency. It is necessary to increase individual self-prevention behaviour and counselling activities regarding preventive behaviour by local health service facilities.

Utilization of Red-Green-Blue (RGB) modification composite for nighttime convective cloud monitoring over North Sumatra region

Located between the Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait, also the presence of the Bukit Barisan Mountains cause high convective activity in the North Sumatra region. The Himawari-8 satellite has 16 atmospheric observation channels that allow for observations of the convective system growth phase. The Red-Green-Blue (RGB) composite method is used to display a variety of satellite image composite information. The nocturnal convective system that often forms in the coastal areas of Sumatra causes heavy rains. A nocturnal convective system observation method is needed to publish early warning information on extreme weather. This research was conducted to observe the nocturnal convective system during heavy rain events in the North Sumatra region using a modification of RGB composite. This research used the Himawari-8 satellite data, Coloumn Max (CMAX) products of Medan weather radar data, and Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) rainfall estimation data. Comparison of RGB modified products with Night Microphysics RGB products and CMAX weather radar products, as well as time-series rainfall analysis. The results showed that the RGB modification product could capture the beginning of the convective system's growth, development, and spatial movement. The convective cloud distribution pattern corresponds to the area of heavy rain. There is a slight difference in cloud growth area between the satellite and radar products indicated the parallax error from the satellite image.

Determination of Natural Radioactivity Level on Soil and Radiological Hazards in The Geotermal Area of Solok South, West Sumatera

Solok Selatan is one of the areas in West Sumatra that has geothermal potential, contains much higher levels of radioactive substances in the soil in the form of Radium (Ra-226), Thorium (Th-232), and Potassium (K-40). This study aimed to measure the concentration of Ra-226. Th-232, and K-40 contained in the soil in the Solok Selatan which was then reviewed based on PERKA BAPETEN No. 9 of 2009 and UNSCEAR 2000, also evaluates the average radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iyr), external hazard index (Hex). Soil samples were collected from seven different locations. The radionuclide activity concentration was measured by using a gamma spectrometer in the PTKMR BATAN laboratory, with the results of the average radionuclide measurement Ra-226 being 28.58 Bq/kg, Th-232 was 44.74 Bq/kg and K-40 at 323.29 Bq/kg. For the average value of Raeq is 118,051 Bq/kg, Iyr is 0.853 and Hex is 0.335. Based on BAPETEN PERKA No. 9 of 2009 and UNSCEAR 2000, the radionuclide activity concentration was found still within safe limits. It does not pose a health hazard to the people living in the area.

The Role of Organization Strategy and Management Accounting Innovations on Cost Performance: The Case of Higher Eduaction Institutions

Research aims: This study aims to examine the effect of strategy and management accounting innovations on cost performance of private Higher Education institutions (HEIs). Also, this study examines the management accounting innovations as mediating variable.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is quantitative research with a survey approach. This study is conducted by involving HEIs located in several provinces in Sumatera Island, Indonesia, covering West Sumatra, Riau, Riau Archipelago and Jambi. The research respondents are head of the HEI finance department. Data analysis uses Structural Equation Model with Partial Least Square approach (SEM-PLS).Research findings: The results show that strategy and management accounting innovations have a positive direct effect on cost performance. However, management accounting innovations is not able to be mediating variable.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to research areas related to strategy, management accounting innovations and cost performance in HEI sector.Practitioner/Policy implication: Effectiveness and efficiency in managing HEI funds requires a strategy and management accounting innovations.Limitation/ Implication: The research only includes HEI located in the areas of West Sumatra, Riau, Riau Archipelago, and Jambi.

Naskah Ulu: Obat-Obatan Tradisional Dalam Naskah Kaghas Nomor. Inv 07. 47 Koleksi Museum Negeri Sumatra Selatan (Kajian Filologi)

South Sumatra has known writing traditions from the seventh century to the present, with many artifacts in Sanskrit, ulu, Malay, Javanese, and Latin scripts being found. The ulu script is a script with the ka-ga-nga script that developed and spread in the inland ulu area of ​​south Sumatra. Kaghas manuscript number. INV 07. 47 is one of the manuscripts from the collection of the South Sumatran State Museum, with the Ulu script and Malay dialect, Basemah dialect, which is the area of ​​South Sumatra and made of bark or Kaghas. The problem of this research is how to study the philology of the manuscripts and what medicines are in the text of Kaghas Number. INV 07. 47 collection of the state museum of South Sumatra. The purpose of this research is to edit and find out the contents of the manuscript. The philological method used is the diplomatic edition and the standard edition by describing the manuscript with the original and correcting minor errors that are not clear in the manuscript to be examined. Kaghas manuscript number. INV 07. 47 collection of the state museum of South Sumatra made of bark or brown kaghas with a total of 24 sheets but 13 pages written and still intact. Kaghas manuscript number. INV 07. 47 the collection of the state museum of South Sumatra explains the names of plants and ingredients used as traditional medicines by the local community and also explains how to manage these medicines. This manuscript functions as a medium in conveying the values ​​of local wisdom, telling a story, recording customary law, writing a poem or poem, conveying religious teachings, medicine and treatment, or advice. So it is an important knowledge needed by the community.

Exploration and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the Rhizosphere of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L) in West Sumatra

West Sumatra was declared as a center for Indonesian cocoa in the western portion. Almost all areas in West Sumatra are suitable for cocoa cultivation, so the cocoa planting area covers almost all the districts in the province. However, West Sumatran Cocoa production decline occurs because cocoa plantations are still mostly cultivated with smallholder plantations. The occurrence of land conversion and reduced land carrying capacity, including soil fertility, is due to the continuous use of inorganic fertilizers, which results in a decrease in the ecological quality of the land. Efforts to improve land conditions biologically by utilizing soil biotechnology. One of the soil microbes that can be utilized is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). AMF that live in a symbiotic mutualism with plant roots and helps the absorption of plant nutrients and live in various places. The study aimed to identify arbuscular mycorrhiza Cocoa rhizosphere three districts, West Sumatra province, from the month of November 2020 to May 2021. The results showed the number of spores and diversity of AMF. The number of spores was 67-218 spores per 20 g soil. The root colonization was in the range of 21.3 - 24.6%. While the AMF diversity before trapped found three types of sport Glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., dan Gigaspora sp

The Study of The Architectural Characteristics of Rumah Godong of The Anak Dalam Tribe in Sumatra

The Anak Dalam tribe (Suku Anak Dalam or Suku Kubu or Orang Rimba) is one of the tribes in Central Sumatra. This tribe still lives simply and depends on nature in the forest. This tribe has its own very simple traditional house, which indicates the earliest vernacular houses in Sumatra, especially in the "Malay" or Malayic-speaking areas of Central Sumatra. However, a comprehensive study of the architectural characteristics of Rumah Godong is still not well available. What are the characteristics of Rumah Godong? Suku Anak Dalam This research uses a qualitative method approach to descriptively analyze case objects in the field. The results of this study provide a description of the architectural characteristics of Rumah Godong.

Diversity, structure and composition of vegetation in post-coal mining reclamation area in Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Yuningsih L, Hearmansyah, Ibrahim E, Marsi. 2021. Diversity, structure and composition of vegetation in post-coal mining reclamation area in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3392-3400. The majority of coal mines are operated through an open-pit system which has a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, reclamation and revegetation activities are required to recover ecological sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, structure, and composition of vegetation resulting from the post-mining revegetation process in a mining concession in Sumatra, Indonesia at various intervals of post-reclamation periods, namely 11 years, 10 years, 8 years, and 5 years. Data collection was conducted by sampling with a 2.5 percent intensity. The study discovered 23 species of naturally grow understory plants and 25 species of woody plants. The stand structure at the eleventh, tenth, and eighth years of revegetation resembled an inverted J curve. The Species Richness Index (R) was determined to be low, the Shannon diversity index (H’) was is low to moderate, whereas the evenness index was moderate to high. We concluded that the structure of vegetation in the post-mining reclamation region resembled that of a natural forest ecosystem, yet the biodiversity indicators remain low and below those of natural forest. We expected the result of this study can enrich the limited knowledge of the ecology of post-mining reclamation in the tropics.

N2O emissions in Acacia mangium stands with different ages, in Sumatra, Indonesia

We compared nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in different-aged (1, 3, and 5 years) Acacia mangium plantations and secondary forests for two and a half years at three areas in Sumatra, Indonesia. N2O emission was high from November to March (rainy season) and low from May to November (relatively drier season). In the first year, the average ± standard deviation of annual N2O emissions in 1-year-old sites was 8.92 ± 2.29 kg ha−1 of N, which was larger than those in 3-year-old (2.58 ± 2.28 kg ha−1 of N) and 5-year-old (2.16 ± 1.12 kg ha−1 of N) sites and secondary forests (1.38 ± 0.45 kg ha−1 of N) (p < 0.001). However, there is no significant difference in N2O flux among treatments after the second year. Although nitrogen mineralization and nitrification potential did not differ among tree ages, inorganic nitrogen and NH4/NO3 ratio in 1-year-old acacia site in the first year were significantly different from those in the other aged forests and secondary forests. Results of linear mixed model suggest that water-filled pore space and nitrogen availability are key factors for N2O emission in these sites. N2O emission within 1 year after planting contributed to 41% of total emission during the 7-year rotation period. Therefore, reduction in N2O emission within 1 year after planting is important for the total emission from acacia plantation.

Rendang lokan: history, symbol of cultural identity, and food adaptation of Minangkabau tribe in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Rendang is a kind of food that has become one of cultural heritages of Minangkabau tribe. It is not only a local food that has been crowned the best food in the world by CNN, but it also serves as the cultural identity. Most of people think that rendang is only made from beef of buffalo meat. In fact, rendang has many varieties that relate to the types of the area and the local natural resources where it is cooked. West Sumatra consists of mountainous and coastal areas. One of the popular rendang varieties in coastal areas is Rendang Lokan—it is not made from beef but oyster (lokan). Rendang Lokan is a kind of food for people who live in this area. They use resources of the sea for their foods. Rendang, for Minangkabau tribe, is not only considered as a traditional food but also as a symbol of cultural identity from a certain area. This article is aimed at discussing the history of using Oyster as the main ingredient for rendang as one of the rendang varieties coming from the coastal areas in West Sumatra. The results show that rendang lokan is a representation of the characteristics of Minangkabau people who have the ability to adapt themselves to the local environmental conditions in maintaining their cultural identity. Rendang lokan was initially created as the adjustment of the Minangkabau people who live in the coastal areas to the local natural resources and their economic conditions.

Pengembangan Kuliner Kue Lumpang Khas Daerah Lahat Guna Melestarikan Kuliner Asli Daerah

Traditional culinary is culinary food that has been around for a long time and is difficult to find in other areas. Besides the taste and shape, not everyone can make it so that the taste is different. Lahat is a city located in the province of South Sumatra. The city named Bumi Seganti Setungguan has many special foods and culinary mainstays that are not inferior to other areas in South Sumatra. The Lumpang cake is a traditional cake made from rice flour. This delicious cake with a sweet taste has been around for 80 years and is still popular. This cake is sprinkled with coarsely grated coconut which adds a savory when eating it. This cake, which includes market snacks, is perfect for drinking tea.

Willingness to participate analysis of urban waste management in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Waste management shares the same purposes with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target in 2030. This program encourages all countries to substantially reduce waste through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse its waste so that the sustainability of development can be achieved. The success rate of sustainable waste management is largely determined by the participation and behavior of people, households, and citizens in managing their waste. This study analyzes socio-economic factors and the role of social capital in affecting households' willingness to participate in waste management in West Sumatra’s urban areas. This study used National Socio-Economic Survey data in the Social Resilience module. The sample in this study is 1011 households spread across the urban areas of West Sumatra. Using logistic regression, this study found that per capita household expenditure, homeownership status, knowledge, and household involvement in mutual cooperation activities to clean up their environment significantly affect the probability of households participating in urban waste management. The relevant policy, such as implementing the 3R concept, namely reduce, reuse, and recycling is needed for the Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved.

Scattered trees in an oil palm landscape: Density, size and distribution

In tropical landscapes dominated by oil palm monocultures, scattered trees can contribute to biodiversity, regulate diverse ecosystem functions and deliver goods and services. However, basic quantitative information about such trees is often lacking. The objectives of our study were to identify the landscape-wide density and distribution patterns of scattered trees in an oil-palm-dominated area of Sumatra (Indonesia), and to estimate their size. The study area with the total of 1120 ha was situated in Jambi province in the lowlands of Sumatra. In 2016, the year of our assessment, 83% of the area was covered by oil palm monocultures including industrial and smallholder plantations; other land-use types included rubber plantations and secondary forests. An earlier land-use classification suggests that oil palm cultivation began before 1990 on 41% of the area. The study area was mapped in 2016 using a fixed-wing drone equipped with red-green-blue and near-infrared cameras. We counted all visible trees in the aerial image. In the entire study region, we detected 10.1 scattered trees/ha. In areas where oil palm plantations were established before 1990, the tree density was 67% lower than in the area where oil palm was introduced later. The median tree crown diameter was 4.5 m, which corresponds to an estimated diameter at breast height of 12 cm; thus, most trees were small-statured. The trees were spatially clustered and often aligned along roads and rivers. In conclusion, we found a considerable number of scattered, mostly small-statured trees. This suggests that most trees were young and disappeared before reaching larger dimensions. To ensure the survival of trees and further provision of related ecosystem services, scattered trees in the oil palm landscape need to be conserved and/or restored.

Mineral status of soil, sea water, and mangrove (Avicennia marina) forages in several coastal areas of West Sumatra.

Background and Aim:The availability of minerals in the soil affect the mineral content of mangrove leaves. This study aimed to determine the macro- and micromineral contents in the environment and mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) as animal feed in the coastal areas of West Sumatra, Indonesia.Materials and Methods:In this study, soil, water, and mangrove leaves were extracted from the mangrove plant’s environment. The mineral contents were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer of Beijing Rayleigh Analytical Instrument Corporation (make and country of origin). The total phenol and tannin contents were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and hide-powder methods, respectively.Results:The mineral content of the soil affected the mineral content of the plants. The soil and leaves of A. marina in the Pariaman area were richer in terms of macro- and microminerals. The soil had pH value, organic carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium of 5.65, 4.21%, 3.39%, 0.17%, 1.99%, and 0.54%, respectively. A. marina leaves had a total phenol and tannin contents of 24.51 mg GAE/g check the unit and 4.09%, respectively.Conclusion:This research showed that the mineral content in the soil in several mangrove areas in West Sumatra has a positive correlation with the mineral content in the leaves of A. marina, which have a complete mineral content. Therefore, A. marina leaves could be recommended as a mineral source for ruminants.