Guangxi Area Research Articles

Selenobacteria-mediated Se transformation and uptake involving the unique genetic code.

Selenium (Se) is a crucial micronutrient for human health. Plants are the primary source of Se for humans. Selenium in the soil serves as the primary source of Se for plants. The soil contains high total Se content in large areas in Guangxi, China. However, the available Se is low, hindering Se uptake by plants. Microorganisms play a pivotal role in the activation of Se in the soil, thereby enhancing its uptake by plants. In this study, selenobacteria were isolated from Se-rich soils in Guangxi. Then two selenobacteria strains, YLB1-6 and YLB2-1, representing the highest (30,000 μg/mL) and lowest (10,000 μg/mL) Se tolerance levels among the Se-tolerant bacteria, were selected for subsequent analysis. Although the two selenobacteria exhibited distinct effects, they can significantly transform Se species, resulting in a decrease in the soil residual Se (RES-Se) content while concurrently increasing the available Se (AVA-Se) content. Selenobacteria also enhance the transformation of Se valencies, with a significant increase observed in soluble Se6+ (SOL-Se6+). Additionally, selenobacteria can elevate the pH of acidic soil. Selenobacteria also promote the uptake of Se into plants. After treatment with YLB1-6 and YLB2-1, the Se content in the aboveground part of Chinese flowering cabbage increased by 1.96 times and 1.77 times, respectively, while the Se accumulation in the aboveground part of the plant significantly increased by 104.36% and 81.69%, respectively, compared to the control. Further whole-genome sequencing revealed the genetic difference between the two selenobacteria. Additionally, 46 and 38 candidate genes related to selenium utilization were identified from YLB1-6 and YLB2-1, respectively. This work accelerates our understanding of the potential molecular mechanism of Se biofortification by selenobacteria. It also provides microorganisms and gene targets for improving crop varieties or microorganisms to exploit the rich Se source in soil.

An Analysis of the Path of Financial Literacy Education for College Students in Ethnic Regions of Guangxi

This article focuses on the issue of financial literacy education for college students in ethnic minority areas of Guangxi, analyzes its current situation and shortcomings, and proposes targeted path suggestions. The article emphasizes that financial literacy education is crucial for improving the comprehensive quality of students and promoting personal development. It requires the joint efforts of the government, universities, and all sectors of society to increase investment and improve mechanisms to meet the needs of students and cultivate more high-quality financial talents.

A Mini-review on the Chemical Composition, Extraction and Isolation Techniques, and Pharmacological Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Abstract: Rosmarinus officinalis L. belongs to the genus Rosemary in the family Labiatae, which is a perennial evergreen subshrub. It is currently cultivated in certain areas of Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou. At present, in food, cosmetics, healthcare products, and other domains, R. officinalis has a wide range of applications; it has received widespread attention, and is also a hot topic of research today. Using modern spectroscopic techniques, it has been found that the main chemical components of rosemary can be divided into two major groups, including volatile components (essential oils) and non-volatile components (diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, sterols, etc.). Among them, carnosic acid, carnosol, rosemary phenol, and 1,8-cineole are the main components acting as antioxidants and they are highly regarded. The main methods for extracting the active ingredients of R. officinalis include water distillation, ultrasonic-assisted microwave method, supercritical CO2 extraction method, enzyme-assisted extraction method, and microwaveassisted extraction method. Modern research has shown that rosemary has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, antiseptic, and antithrombotic effects, and is widely used in medical applications.

Exploration of Advanced Geological Prediction for the Double-arch Highway Tunnel in Karst Area

Combined with the construction method of a highway double-arch tunnel in the karst area, a comprehensive advanced geological prediction method combining geological radar and advanced horizontal drilling is proposed, and the comprehensive advanced geological pre- diction method is successfully applied to the construction of a highway double-arch tunnel in a karst area of Guangxi. The result of site con- struction proves that the method has a satisfactory forecasting effect.

Phenomenon and Mechanisms of Sonneratia apetala Introduction and Spread Promoting Excessive Growth of Derris trifoliata

Sonneratia apetala Buch., an alien species with strong growth and adaptability, has been introduced and cultivated in Southeastern China. Meanwhile, Derris trifoliata Lour., native to coastal and riparian areas in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian provinces, has experienced a rapid surge in population, impacting the health of mangrove ecosystems. Our research focuses on understanding the interactions between Oriental mangroves and D. trifoliata, particularly their proliferation and long-term symbiotic relationships. We investigated how Oriental mangrove proliferation promotes excessive D. trifoliata growth and explored the underlying mechanisms. In Leizhou Bay, Guangxi, the annual growth rate surged from 12.03% (2005–2015) to 55.36% (2015–2019), indicating a significant acceleration post-2015 and a concerning trend towards overgrowth. D. trifoliata failed to produce seeds on sea rockets or bulrushes, instead yielding 10.5 and 97.43 seeds/m2 on native red mangroves and Oriental mangroves, respectively. Along riverbanks, 68% of Oriental mangroves hosted D. trifoliata, and the suitable regions for these species overlapped significantly. Oriental mangroves reach 15 m tall with 10 × 10 m crown diameters, providing ample vine space, optimal photosynthesis conditions, sturdy support, and convenient dispersal routes. This study offers insights into introduced–native species interactions in mangrove ecosystems, with significance for management and preservation.

Biological characteristics of a precocious line of Eimeria tenella.

The Eimeria tenella Yulin strain (EtYL), which is sensitive to most anti-coccidial drugs, was isolated in the Yulin area of Guangxi, China. Then, Eimeria tenella Yulin precocious line (pEtYL), a precocious line with a prepatent period of 108h, was obtained through early selection. The biological characteristics of pEtYL, including its morphology, purity, oocyst excretion curve, reproductive capacity, pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and preservation time, were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the isolated precocious line of E. tenella exhibited high purity, relatively weak pathogenicity, and good immunogenicity and can be used as a live vaccine line for chicken coccidiosis.

Analysis of influencing factors of HPV vaccination willingness of female sex workers in urban entertainment venues based on the IMB model in Guangxi, China

ObjectiveUnderstanding HPV vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in entertainment venues in an urban area of Guangxi, China.MethodsFrom 15 August to 15 October 2022, FSWs in entertainment venues with commercial sex trade in an urban area of Guangxi were selected as the study subjects for the questionnaire survey using the method of intentional sampling. The questionnaire based on the information-motivation-behavior (IMB) skills model was used to collect the basic characteristics, HPV and HPV vaccine-related information and cognition, motivation to vaccinate, behavioral skills and willingness to vaccinate from the research targets. A multifactor logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the research targets' willingness to receive HPV vaccination.ResultsOf the 921 research targets, 712 (77.31%) were willing to receive HPV vaccination. The higher the level of knowledge regarding HPV and HPV vaccine-related information, the higher the motivation for HPV vaccination. In addition, the higher the behavioral skills score, the higher the willingness of FSWs in entertainment venues to receive HPV vaccination (P<0.001). FSWs in entertainment venues with lower venue grades [OR(95% CI)=0.693 (0.539, 0.891), P=0.004] were more reluctant to receive HPV vaccination. Those who favored the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing the disease [OR(95% CI)=2.144 (1.449, 3.174), P<0.001] and those who had heard of HPV vaccine [OR(95% CI)=2.105 (1.451, 3.054), P<0.001], were able to perceive the benefits of HPV vaccination [OR(95% CI)=1.134 (1.045, 1.230), P=0.002]. These individuals acquired greater behavioral skills i.e., self-decision making for HPV vaccination [OR(95% CI)=1.130 (1.008, 1.267), P=0.036] and self-efficacy [OR(95% CI)=1.135 (1.081, 1.191), P<0.001] and they were more willing to receive HPV vaccine.ConclusionsThere was a relatively high HPV vaccination willingness among FSWs in entertainment venues in an urban area of Guangxi, China. Attention should be focused on introducing the benefits of primary prevention measures such as the HPV vaccine for individuals and behavioral skills for HPV vaccination in order to increase their willingness to be vaccinated thus increasing their HPV vaccination rate.

Soil Hydrology Characteristics among Forest Type, Stand Age and Successive Rotation in Eucalyptus Plantations in Southern China

The water holding capacity of forest soil plays a crucial role in ensuring forest productivity, particularly in Eucalyptus urophylla plantations. In this study, we investigated the soil water holding capacity and hydrological properties of Eucalyptus in a subtropical area of Guangxi, China. Different stand ages (five years old, seven years old, and 15 years old) and successive rotations (first, second, and third) of Eucalyptus plantations were compared, with Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese Fir) and Pinus massoniana (Pine) plantations serving as references. Soil physical properties, soil hydrological parameters, and litter characteristics were analyzed to assess soil water retention and conservation variations. Our findings revealed that Eucalyptus and Chinese Fir plantation forests exhibit superior soil physical characteristics compared to Pine plantations, resulting in better soil water retention. However, an increase in the age of Eucalyptus plantations significantly diminished the capillary water holding capacity of the soil, despite an increase in surface litter accumulation and litter moisture content. Furthermore, successive rotations led to a notable reduction in soil capillary porosity, soil moisture content, soil saturated permeability, and overall soil water holding capacity. In addition, soil bulk density emerged as a critical factor relating to the hydrological characteristics of Eucalyptus plantation forests. Decreasing soil bulk density in Eucalyptus forests may offer potential for optimizing their water retention function. These results reveal that Eucalyptus management practices significantly alter the hydrological properties of soil through their effects on soil and litter properties, and consequently, stand age, rotation, and species mixing should be given intensive attention in maintaining the maximization of soil water holding capacity.

Identification of Gonatophragmium mori Causing Mulberry Zonate Leaf Spot Disease and Characterization of Their Biological Enemies in Guangxi, China.

Mulberry zonate leaf spot disease (MZLSD) is an important fungal disease of mulberry trees, which seriously affects the productivity and quality of mulberry leaves. MZLSD has been widely reported in sericultural production areas in Guangxi, China, in recent years. In this study, the causal agent of MZLSD was isolated from symptomatic samples and identified as Gonatophragmium mori (Acrospermaceae) based on morphological characterization and molecular analyses using nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA). Pathogenicity tests confirmed that G. mori is the pathogen responsible for MZLSD. Furthermore, we isolated antagonistic endophytic bacteria (AEB) from healthy mulberry leaves. Plate confrontation experiments showed that the lipopeptide crude extracts (LPCE) of three endophytic bacteria can inhibit the growth of G. mori, and the diameter of the antibacterial circle reaches more than 60 mm when their concentration of LPCE is 200 mg/ml. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that LPCE caused drastic changes in mycelial morphology. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the LPCE-induced apoptosis-like cell death in G. mori hyphae. Finally, based on morphological and molecular features, we identified the three isolates as Bacillus subtilis DS07, B. subtilis DS32, and B. velezensis Q6, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time to identify G. mori by combining characterization and molecular analyses, and we provide timely information about the use of biocontrol agents for suppression of G. mori.

Application of 3D liDAR in transmission line modeling

Aiming at the problem that the traditional measurement method cannot accurately obtain the line and equipment-related parameters and the line channel-related environmental parameters in the transmission line 3D modeling. In this paper, 3d liDAR technology is used to collect basic information and scan the 3d space of the power transmission line, and then the 3d model of the power transmission line is built. Conduct a three-dimensional modeling analysis using a transmission line in a certain area of Guangxi as a sample. The results show that the proposed method can accurately obtain the parameters of transmission lines and the terrain and topography of each tower, fully demonstrating the feasibility and reliability of 3D LiDAR in transmission line modeling.

Pomegranate Blossoms, Building a Chinese Dream Together-based on the Investigation and Study of People's Happiness in Ethnic Minority Areas

Taking Guangxi as an example, this paper studies the influence of economic development and people's livelihood on people's happiness in minority areas. Through questionnaire survey and multiple linear regression analysis, it is found that the main factors restricting the development of minority areas in Guangxi are the lack of national technical investment and educational resources, while the advantages of development lie in the richness of natural resources and cultural uniqueness. Economic development has little influence on people's happiness index, while social security, spiritual culture, housing problems and other livelihood issues have great influence on people's happiness. In order to improve people's happiness in minority areas, this paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as actively seeking the participation and support of various forces, vigorously developing the economy, strengthening infrastructure construction, and supporting the development of national culture.

Aspidistra longzhouensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from limestone areas in Guangxi, China

Aspidistra longzhouensis, a new species of Asparagaceae from Guangxi, southern China, is described and illustrated here. It is morphologically similar to A. patentiloba Y. Wan &amp; X. H. Lu, but the new species is differentiated by its smaller leaf, flower completely pure white, stigma upper surface glabrous and with 4 radial lines, bifurcate lines at center. The new species is currently known only from the Karst areas in southwest Guangxi. Colour plates of the similar species are provided for comparison.

The Quantity and Quality of Humic Substances following Different Land Uses in Karst Peak-Cluster Depression in Guangxi, China

There were some ecological and environmental problems in limestone soil in the karst peak-cluster depression in Pingguo City of Guangxi, such as the destruction of soil structure, soil acidification and soil fertility decline, and these problems were closely related to soil organic matter. The soil in this site was classified as Cambisols. Therefore, this project took soil under five major land uses (grassland, afforestation, sugarcane field, corn field and pitaya field) in the karst area of Guangxi as the research object. The contents and molecular structure properties of humic acids, fulvic acids and humins in soils were studied by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental composition. From the perspective of the chemical structure of humic substances, the differences in the quantity and structural characteristics of humic acids, fulvic acids and humins in different land uses were revealed. The results showed that the organic carbon content of both afforestation (34.83 g kg−1) and natural restored grassland (31.67 g kg−1) were significantly higher than that of sugarcane field (17.60 g kg−1), corn field (16.35 g kg−1) and pitaya field (14.31 g kg−1) (p &lt; 0.05). The contents of three humic fractions in grassland were relatively high, and the contents of three humic fractions in sugarcane field were relatively low (p &lt; 0.05). The structural characteristics of humic substances showed that the protein components of the three humic fractions in the afforestation were high, indicating that the humic substances in the afforestation contained more unstable components. The Alkyl C/O-alkyl C and Hydrophobic C/hydrophilic C ratios of the three humic fractions of corn field were high, indicating high stability and maturity in humic substances in corn field.

Identification of dry and wet events in karst and non-karst areas of Guangxi based on a novel optimization method involving the antecedent precipitation attenuation coefficient

The determination of the traditional antecedent precipitation (AP) attenuation coefficient k is somewhat random and empirical, which is not conducive to the evaluation of AP influence in different regions and the comparison of results. In this study, two traditional calculation methods of AP are coupled to derive the formula for k applicable to different time scales in karst and non-karst areas. A novel optimization method incorporating an artificial neural network for determining the number of antecedent days N and the value of k is proposed. Dry and wet events in karst and non-karst areas of Guangxi based on hydrometeorological data at four time-scales (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h) obtained from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) are identified. The results show that: (1) the mean optimal N value (Nopt) in karst areas of Guangxi is approximately 28 days, which is lower than the mean N value (approximately 59 days) in non-karst areas; the optimal k value (kopt) in karst areas from January to March and from August to December is lower than the k value in non-karst areas, whereas the kopt in karst areas in May and June is larger than the kopt in non-karst areas; (2) the recognition ability of kopt at the daily scale for drought events is better than the recognition ability of the other three time-scales, and kopt has better recognition ability than the traditional fixed k value for dry and wet events; (3) this study innovatively proposes that the kopt optimization method can be effectively applied to the recognition of dry and wet events in karst and non-karst areas of Guangxi, which has important theoretical value and practical significance and can serve as an effective reference for related research in other regions.

Incidence and related factors of antiviral drug resistance in HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women in some areas of three western provinces of China from 2017 to 2019

Objective: To analyze the incidence and related factors of drug resistance in HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women in some areas of three western provinces of China from 2017 to 2019. Methods: From April 2017 to April 2019, face-to-face questionnaires and blood sample testing were conducted in all health care institutions providing maternal and perinatal care and midwifery-assisted services in 7 prevention of mother-to-child transmissi project areas in Xinjiang, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces/autonomous regions. Information was collected during the perinatal period and viral load, CD4+T lymphocytes and drug resistance genes were detected at the same time. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between different factors and drug resistance in HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women. Results: A total of 655 HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women were included in this study. The incidence of drug resistance was 3.4% (22/655), all of whom were cross-drug resistant. The rate of low, moderate and high drug resistance was 2.1% (14/655), 1.2% (8/655) and 0.8% (5/655), respectively. The drug resistance rate in the people who had previously used antiviral drugs was 1.9% (8/418), and the drug resistance rate in the people who had not used drugs was 5.9% (14/237). The NNRTI drug resistance accounted for 2.8% (18/655) and the NRTI drug resistance rate was 2.5% (16/655). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the risk of HIV resistance was lower in pregnant women who had previously used antiviral drugs (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.11-0.76). Conclusion: Strengthening the management of antiviral drug use and focusing on pregnant and postpartum women who have not previously used antiviral drugs can help reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant mutations. Personalized antiviral therapy should be considered to achieve viral inhibition effects in clinical practice.

Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou Rocky Desertification Area

This paper aims to analyze the distribution patterns of the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou rocky desertification area, and provide efficient protection and development strategies. This region has a complex geographical environment, and it is distinguished by hosting China’s largest ethnic minority population and the highest concentration of autonomous ethnic counties among contiguous impoverished areas, with numerous traditional villages. Thus, it is significant to conduct a comprehensive study of traditional villages within this domain, with a particular focus on their centralized preservation and strategic utilization. This research employed ArcGIS and Geodetector software for a rigorous analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics and influential factors of traditional villages in the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou rocky desertification area. The key findings can be summarized as follows. (1) The traditional villages in this region predominantly exhibit an agglomerative distribution pattern, with pronounced concentrations in southeast Guizhou and secondary concentrations in Anshun and Guilin. (2) Natural environmental factors, social economic factors, and national cultural factors impact the distribution of traditional villages synthetically by positive, median, or negative correlation. (3) The results of the Geodetector show that, significantly, social economic and national cultural factors exert a more pronounced influence than natural environmental factors, especially population density and intangible heritage quantity. The interaction of multiple factors shows an enhanced trend. (4) From the perspective of formation mechanism, natural environmental factors serve as foundational elements shaping the original distribution pattern; national cultural factors act as dominant determinants, accentuating spatial distribution distinctions across various regions and social economic factors emerge as critical catalysts for the sustainable development of traditional villages. The interaction factors can have a more profound impact. Furthermore, it is expected that this study will contribute to the effectiveness of ecology and economy in this area and more analogous regions.

Response of vegetation normalized different vegetation index to different meteorological disaster indexes in karst region of Guangxi, China

Fragile karst areas of Guangxi are the key areas of vegetation protection and restoration work of the government. It is of great significance to study the effects of meteorological disasters on vegetation change for disaster prevention and reduction and ecological protection in the karst areas. The Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), as a tool for monitoring vegetation growth, has a strong responsiveness to vegetation and can qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the vegetation cover and its growth vitality. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the trend of vegetation change and the impacts of multiple meteorological hazards, such as drought, torrential rainfall, high temperature, and low temperature, on the vegetation of the karst region in Guangxi by using the linear trend method, GIS spatial analysis, and correlation analysis, using the MODIS NDVI and temperature and precipitation information from 2000 to 2020 in the karst region of Guangxi. The results show that: (1) NDVI increased significantly in the karst areas, and 32.2% of the areas had significant improvement in vegetation. The improvement was the most obvious mainly in the central part of the study area, while the vegetation degradation trend was obvious in partial scattered areas in northeast and southwest. (2) On the interannual scale, NDVI was negatively correlated with some meteorological disaster indexes, such as relative humidity index, the number of drought days, the amount of extremely heavy rainstorm, the amount of heavy rainstorm, the number of days with high temperature of ≥35 °C, the number of days with high temperature of 35–37 °C, the number of days with high temperature of ≥37 °C, the minimum temperature, and the effective accumulated temperature of ≤0 °C. The obvious negative effect area of drought on vegetation was mainly concentrated in the middle of the study area, and that of rainfall was mainly distributed in the southwest, northeast and northwest; that of high temperature was mainly distributed in the northwest and northeast, and that of low temperature was mainly concentrated in the southwest and north. (3) On the multi-year monthly scale, the responses of NDVI to drought, high temperature and low temperature disaster indexes had a lag effect, but had no lag effect on rainfall disaster indexes. The lag time of vegetation to drought was 1 month, and the lag time to high temperature and low temperature was 3 months.

Spatially varying relationships of soil Se concentration and rice Se concentration in Guangxi, China: A geographically weighted regression approach

In recent years, the biogeochemical behavior and environmental impact of Selenium (Se) on soil-plant systems have received widespread attention, and traditional statistical methods reveal generally positive correlations between rice Se and soil Se. However, that initial positive relationship may have been obscured by local external factors. Using local scale data from the geochemical evaluation of land quality project, this work employed geographically weighted regression (GWR) to examine the spatial variation of rice Se (as the dependent variable) and soil Se (as the independent variable) in Guangxi. Strong and weak correlation coefficients occur between rice Se and soil Se, thereby indicating that their relationships are spatially varying. Guangxi is characterized by significantly positive correlations in most areas, with weak correlations mostly found in the south-western and central-eastern regions. Areas with weak correlation can be divided into two patterns: high soil Se with low rice Se and high rice Se with low soil Se. The unique patterns are correlated with distinct natural factors, particularly the abundance of Fe-rich soils in the carbonate area; by contrast, sandstone areas in central Guangxi may have been affected by anthropogenic activities. To reveal the spatially varying relationships at the local scale, we employed GWR, an effective tool that allowed us to identify the association between environmental variables and influencing factors and explore spatially varying relationships between them. This study breaks through the existing understanding that soil Se is completely positively correlated with rice Se for the first time, and concludes that their correlation is spatially variable, providing an effective approach for the study of complex relationships.

Effect of the Textures and Particle Sizes of Limestone on the Quicklime Reaction Activity

Quicklime is not only an important raw material for the steel and nano-calcium carbonate industries but also a key carrier for capturing carbon dioxide in the fight against global warming, and its reaction activity plays a vital role in these processes. Recent studies have found that quicklime produced from limestones with similar chemical compositions under the same production process has significantly different reaction activities, which indicates that something other than the chemical composition of limestone affects quicklime reaction activity. To explore the factors affecting quicklime reaction activity, this study analyzed the textures and calcite particle size of limestone collected from different areas of Guangxi, China, and measures the quicklime reaction activity with different calcination times. It has been found that: (1) limestone with a clastic texture is preferred to that with a crystalline texture (including transition type) in yielding quicklime with higher reaction activity; and (2) for limestone with a clastic texture, fine-grained limestone tends to produce the same or higher quicklime reaction activity with lower energy consumption.

Prevalence, Trends and Correlates of HIV, Syphilis and HCV Infection Among Chinese Local and Cross-border Migrant Female Sex Workers in the Sino-Vietnam Border Area of Guangxi, 2016-2021.

Female sex workers (FSWs) are considered a high-risk group for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, limited data exist on the prevalence and trends of HIV, syphilis and HCV among FSWs in the Sino-Vietnam border area. To determine the prevalence, trends and correlates of STIs among Chinese local FSWs (CL-FSWs) and cross-border migrant FSWs (CM-FSWs), we conducted consecutive cross-sectional surveys from 2016 to 2021, recruiting 7747 CL-FSWs and 932 CM-FSWs. The overall HIV, syphilis and HCV prevalence declined from 1.0%, 8.8% and 1.7% to 0.1%, 0.9% and 0.3%, respectively. There was no significant downward trend in the overall HIV and syphilis prevalence. However, HCV prevalence showed a decreasing trend among CL-FSWs. CM-FSWs had higher HIV prevalence (2.5% vs. 0.6%). Similarities and differences in STIs-related factors existed between CM-FSWs and CL-FSWs. For instance, receiving HIV-related services in the last year reduced the risk of HIV infection (for CM-FSWs: aOR = 0.234, 95% CI: 0.055-0.993; for CL-FSWs: aOR = 0.182, 95% CI: 0.058-0.567). Serving male clients at least 50 years old increased the risk of syphilis infection (for CM-FSWs: aOR = 4.277, 95% CI: 1.535-11.917; for CL-FSWs: aOR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.087-1.815). Moreover, CM-FSWs with past-year STIs history had a higher risk of HIV (aOR = 34.976, 95% CI: 5.338-229.176) and HCV infection (aOR = 17.649, 95% CI: 1.846-168.846), both of which were associated with multiple factors in CL-FSWs. It is therefore necessary to develop effective, accessible, high-quality and targeted interventions for CM-FSWs and CL-FSWs.