Areas Of Croatia Research Articles

THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN CROATIA

The Europeans are still facing extraordinary challenges and uncertainties in their daily lives to the extent that all efforts will still focus on protecting citizens and overcoming the crisis. The COVID-19 poses a challenge to Europe on a historical scale. At the request of Heads of State or Governments, the European Commission has presented a comprehensive package combining the future Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) and specific recovery efforts within the next generation EU (NGEU). The EU's Next Generation Fund (NGEU) represents the European Union's recovery package to support Member States affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The fund was approved by the European Council on July 21, 2020, and is worth €750 billion. The NGEU fund covers the period 2021 – 2023 and will be linked to the regular EU budget (MFF) from 2021 to 2027. The comprehensive NGEU and VFO packages are projected to reach €1,824.3 billion. Most of the investment relates to the reforms and investments regarding green and digital transition. To achieve the European Green Plan and the next generation EU plan, policies related to clean energy supply in the economy, industry, general production and consumption, infrastructure, transport, agriculture, construction, etc., need to be reconsidered. In the light of all the above mentioned, and to achieve the green and digital transition, one of the significant areas in Croatia is the use of renewable energy sources, especially solar energy, which will be discussed in more detail in this paper.

Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Yield and Berry Chemical Composition of in Field Grown “Cabernet Sauvignon” Grapevines (V. vinifera L.)

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the application of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum on “Cabernet Sauvignon” (Vitis vinifera L.) leaf gas exchange, yield parameters, as well as grape berry composition, especially regarding phenolic compounds. The experiment was conducted over two years under natural vineyard conditions of the Zagreb wine-growing area, the continental region of Croatia. “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapevines were grafted on SO4 rootstock, both being commonly used in all wine production areas in Croatia. Results obtained demonstrated that symbiotic grapevines, in general, expressed improved leaf gas exchange parameters and higher yield parameters, especially regarding the number of clusters per vine. It should be emphasized that mycorrhizal fungi affected higher total flavan-3-ols, total anthocyanins, and total polyphenols in berry skin in both experimental years. Despite variation in some yield parameters, generally, it is possible to obtain higher yields together with the improved phenolic composition of grapes.

The First Detection and Genetic Characterization of Four Different Honeybee Viruses in Wild Bumblebees from Croatia

To determine the presence and the prevalence of four different honeybee viruses (acute bee paralysis virus—ABPV, black queen cell virus—BQCV, chronic bee paralysis virus—CBPV, deformed wing virus—DWV) in wild bumblebees, pooled randomly selected bumblebee samples were collected from twenty-seven different locations in the territory of Croatia. All samples were prepared and examined using the RT-PCR methods for quantification of mentioned honeybee viruses. Determined prevalence (%) of identified positive viruses were in the following decreasing order: BQCV > DWV > ABPV, CBPV. Additionally, direct sequencing of samples positive for BQCV (n = 24) and DWV (n = 2) was performed, as well as a test of molecular phylogeny comparison with those available in GenBank. Selected positive field viruses’ strains showed 95.7 to 100% (BQCV) and 98.09% (DWV) nucleotide identity with previously detected and deposited honeybee virus strains in the geographic areas in Croatia and neighboring Slovenia. In this article, the first detection of four honeybee viruses with genetic characterization of high diversity strains circulating in wild bumblebees in Croatia is presented.

The Field-Scale Investigation of the Low Mobility of Drainage Canal Sediments Polluted by Copper in Lowland Area of Croatia

The sedimentation of drainage canals is a common process and its intensity depends on several geographical and hydrological factors. Drainage canal sediments are frequently polluted by heavy metals or other pollutants; they need to be periodically dredged and ultimately, have to be safely disposed of. Furthermore, pollution in smaller drainages may go undetected because under the Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC), catchment areas < 10 km2 do not require monitoring. We investigated the hypothesis that water resources of small sub-catchments exposed to agricultural pollutants accumulate sediment for a longer period (several years) and severely enhance environmental risks. We analyzed the data on sediment mobility in drainage canals for a small lowland catchment in Croatia during 2013–2017. We conducted sediment transport modelling for actual precipitation episodes of a 10-year return period and design precipitation of a 50-year return period. The results indicated that sediments and associated copper pollution persist at the canal bottom for several years, which increases the risk of polluting groundwater and the environment in general. Only copper present at the maximum downstream section of the canal has the possibility of moving to the recipient stream and would only be detected in catchment areas bigger than 10 km2. We proved that smaller water bodies evaluated according to monitoring standards prescribed for the closest larger water can enhance environmental risks.

Seroprevalence of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in Croatia - Short communication.

Clinical cases resembling strangles are regularly seen in some areas of Croatia. However, there are no data on the prevalence of infection and the clinical forms or geographic distribution of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in horses resident in Croatia, in order to estimate the geographic distribution of infection. The study included 291 horse sera from the eight counties where the majority of Croatian horses are kept. Sera were tested by indirect ELISA (iELISA) for the presence of serum antibodies against S. equi protein A (SEQ_2190) and protein C (SeM). Positive horses were detected in all counties. Overall seroprevalence was 16.5 per cent (48/291), ranging from 7.1 to 29.6 per cent. A positive association was observed between the population size of the horses in the counties and the seropositivity rates: the larger the population, the higher the seropositivity. The results of this study suggest that S. equi infection is widespread in Croatia. Further investigation of the clinical manifestations, circulating strains and other characteristics of the disease in Croatia and raising awareness of the disease among horse owners are now required.

Morfološka raznolikost i odnosi populacija Scardinius dergle i Scardinius plotizza (Actinopteri; Cypriniformes) iz Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine

Genus Scardinius (Cypriniformes, Actinopteri) belongs to the family Leuciscidae, subfamily Leuciscinae, and it includes 10 species. Phylogenetic and morphometric research conducted so far have shown a great taxonomic complexity within this genus. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the morphological diversity and contribute to the clarification of taxonomic relationships and status of S. dergle and S. plotizza. For the purpose of this research specimens of S. dergle and S. plotizza were collected from their whole distribution area in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. On each individual 25 morphometric characters were measured, standardized with allometric conversion and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed significant intra- and interspecific differences in investigated morphometric characters. In addition, distinct grouping of populations of each species and partial overlapping of some populations of both species was recorded, reflecting their possible relationships. Also, investigated meristic characters showed accordance with deterministic values for most investigated populations. Although this research has given indications of relationships and the status of populations of S. dergle and S. plotizza, in order to confirm the results and determine the exact taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of these species, further phylogenetic research is needed.

The prospects of development of the citrus production in the Neretva valley in the context of contemporary tendencies

In most countries of the world where citrus fruits are grown, including Croatia, several viruses and virus-like agents exist limiting the production and sale of citrus fruits. The most common among them is Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) which causes a decrease in tree fertility and lushness. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the large scale of consequences caused by the CTV in Spain during the 20th century. More than 44 million citrus trees grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantim L) rootstock sourhad decayed over a period of 10 years due to the intensing spread of CTV. The approaches that addressed the problem of infection of large citrus growing areas in Spain will be presented. Based on the experience in Spain, this paper will show the possibilities of implementing systematic expert measures which would eradicate or minimize the presence of CTV in the area of the Neretva valley, the most important citrus growing area in Croatia. A large number of researches have been carried out on the presence and the outspread of CTV in the Neretva Valley from 2005 to 2019. During this period, the highest percentage of virus outspread was observed in 2006, when CTV was detected in 80% of the collected samples. The virus was regularly detected in the Neretva valley in all the years the research was conducted. The problem of CTV has been present for many years and the pathogen is still spreading, which indicates the need to take some measures to prevent this continuous spreading. Among the most important and effective measures is the control of viral diseases in the propagation materials and the mother blocks and planting virus-free plants in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance on placing reproductive planting material and seedlings intended for fruit production on the market (OG 9/17, 39/20), which contain European Union Directives 2008/90 / EC, 2014/96 / EU, and 2014/98 / EU

Contamination, bioconcentration and distribution of mercury in Tricholoma spp. mushrooms from southern and northern regions of Europe

The contamination, bio-concentration and distribution of mercury (Hg) in wild mushrooms of the genus Tricholoma such as T. equestre, T. portentosum, T. columbeta, and T. terreum were studied, and the possible dietary intake and risk for human consumers in Europe was estimated. Mushrooms, together with the associated forest topsoils were collected from 10 unpolluted and geographically distant areas, far from local or regional emission sources, in Poland (2 sites) and Croatia (8 sites). The Hg contents were in the range 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.71 ± 0.34 mg kg−1 dry matter in caps and 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.38 ± 0.13 mg kg−1 in stems. The corresponding topsoil concentrations varied over a relatively narrow range between sites, from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.028 ± 0.006 mg kg−1 dry matter. Overall, the study results showed low levels of mercury both, in edible Tricholoma mushrooms and forest topsoils from background (unpolluted) forested areas in Croatia and Poland. The morphological distribution showed considerably greater concentrations of mercury in the caps relative to the stems with ratios ranging from 1.6 ± 0.6 to 3.9 ± 1.8. T. equestre showed good ability to bioconcentrate Hg, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) values in the range 18 ± 7 to 37 ± 18. The data suggests that Tricholoma mushrooms from unpolluted areas in southern and northern regions of Europe can be considered as a low risk food from the point of view of the tolerable Hg intake.

Host-Parasite Interaction between Parasitic Cymothoid Ceratothoa oestroides and Its Host, Farmed European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

Parasitic isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Cymothoidea, Isopoda) is a common and generalist buccal cavity-dweller in marine fish, recognised for its detrimental effect in fingerling and juvenile farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Although distributed throughout the Mediterranean, the isopod provokes acute outbreaks mainly limited to particular endemic areas in Croatia (Adriatic Sea) and Greece (Aegean Sea). While numerous studies have previously evidenced its gross effect on farmed fish (i.e. decreased condition index, slower growth rate, lethargy and mortality), details on the host-parasite interaction are still lacking. Therefore, using a multimethodological approach, we closely examined the structure and appearance of isopod body parts acting in the attachment and feeding (stereomicroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy), and the extent of host tissues damage (histology, immunohistochemistry, micro-computational tomography) induced by parasitation. Interestingly, while hematophagous nature of the parasite has been previously postulated we found no unambiguous data to support this; we observed host tissues fragmentation and extensive hyperplasia at the parasitation site, and no structures indicative of heme detoxifying mechanisms in the parasite gut, or other traces of a blood meal. The bacterial biofilm covering C. oestroides mouthparts and pereopods suggests that the isopod may play a role in conveying secondary pathogens to the infected host, or alternatively, it serves the parasite in normal interaction with its environment.

The AIDSS Module for Data Acquisition in Crisis Situations and Environmental Protection.

The Toolbox implementation for removal of antipersonnel mines, submunitions and unexploded ordnance (TIRAMISU) Advanced Intelligence Decision Support System is an operational system proposed to Mine Action Centres worldwide for conducting non-technical surveys in humanitarian demining. The system consists of three modules, one of which is the module for data acquisition introduced and described in this study. The module has been designed, produced, improved, used and operationally tested and validated on several platforms (helicopters, remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) and a blimp), with various sensors and acquisition units (Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial measurement unit) in a variety of combinations for additional data acquisition from deep inside a suspected hazardous area. For the purposes of aerial data acquisition over a suspected hazardous area, the use of multiple sensors such as visible digital cameras and multi-spectral visible, near infrared (VNIR), hyperspectral VNIR and thermal infrared sensors are of benefit, because they display the scene in different ways. Off-the-shelf equipment and software were mostly used, but some specific equipment, such as sensor pods, was developed and also some software solutions for data acquisition and pre-processing (transforming hyperspectral line scanner data into hyperspectral images, and producing hyperspectral cubes). The technical stability and robustness of the module were confirmed by operationally testing and evaluating the systems on the aforementioned platforms and missions in several actual suspected hazardous areas in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, between 2001 and 2015.

Aristotelia balticaA. Šulcs & I. Šulcs, 1983 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) new to Croatia and with observations on the larva

An account is given of finding larvae of Aristotelia baltica A. Šulcs & I. Šulcs, 1983 (Gelechiidae) in a limestone area of Croatia, a different habitat from that previously known. This is apparently the first record from Croatia of a species that otherwise occurs from the Baltic States and European Russia eastwards to the southern Urals, apart from two moths reared in 1965 from Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Fitofagni insekti iz podreda Sterrnorhyncha (Hemiptera) na agrumima i njihov mogući utjecaj na proizvodnju agruma u Hrvatskoj

First aim of this review paper is to make the checklist of the most important phytophagous insects from the Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) suborder that may feed on plants from genus Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus, present in the Mediterranean basin. Second aim is to compare the mentioned list with Croatian findings from relevant literature. Third aim is to separate and describe possible risk for introduction and harmfulness of the most harmful species in Croatia. In the literature review 46 species (17 aphids, 21 scale insects, 6 whiteflies and 2 psyllids) which may feed on citrus plants were found to be present in selected countries. Out of that number, 37 species (13 aphids, 18 scale insects and 6 whiteflies) are reported for Croatia. Based on their potential to cause damages, ability to spread and the vicinity of the countries in which they are found, following species if introduced could be potential threat for citrus growing areas in Croatia: Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), Aonidiella citrina (Craw, 1890), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), Trioza erythrae (Del Guercio, 1918), Aleurothrixus flocossus (Maskell, 1896) and Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana, 1927).

Comparison of PAH Mass Concentrations in Aerosols of the Middle Adriatic Coast Area and Central Croatia

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered priority pollutants due to their distribution, persistence, bioaccumulation, and adverse effects on human health. The aim of this study was to obtain the first insight into PAHs mass concentrations bound to airborne particulate matter (PM) in the mid Adriatic coast area of Croatia, and compare them with the PAH levels in Croatia’s urban central area. Relatively low values of PAH mass concentrations were measured in the coastal area, compared to the continental urban region of Croatia impacted by increased emissions due to intensive traffic, industry, and residential heating. A high PM10 contribution of four-ring PAHs (Flu and Pyr) at Martinska site indicated that wood burning heating as well as open fire events, including waste incineration, could be important emission sources of PAHs in the mid Adriatic coast region.

Management zonation and its implementation at a UNESCO World Heritage Site: a case study for the Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia

Plitvice Lakes National Park (PLNP) is the oldest protected area in Croatia (since 1949) and was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in1979. It is an area of outstanding universal value consisting of a freshwater ecosystem of 16 lakes divided by tufa barriers. Recently, this area has experienced pressure from visitors and significant infrastructural development. When the previous Management Plan expired in 2017, the PLNP initiated and adopted a new Management Plan. This involved the zonation of management in order to better conserve and use this protected area. Management zonation was based on spatial and other data on the distributions of the species and habitats (Natura 2000 and others); cultural values and geo-localities; visitor experiences; existing and planned infrastructure and settlements. Visitor classes and zones were determined using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) methodology. The new management zonation resulted in an increase of 13.9% in the area of the Park included in the Strict Conservation Zone, while succession and habitat degradation resulted in a decrease in the area of the Park in the Active Management Zone, especially in terms of grassland. Six ROS classes were defined. The established ROS classes and the new management zonation were interconnected, each reflecting the need to manage the protected area in terms of conserving its specific biodiversity and geodiversity, while offering visitors various experience opportunities and meeting the needs of the local community.

Polifenolni sastav ekotipova višnje maraske (Prunus cerasus Marasca) i njihova stabilnost tijekom skladištenja zamrzavanjem

The present research was undertaken to evaluate the polyphenol content of two Marasca sour cherry ecotypes (Recta and Brač 2) grown in two areas in Croatia (Zadar and Split), their stability during freezing storage at -18 °C for six months and contribution to antioxidant capacity (AOC), respectively. Polyphenolic content was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC UV/VIS PDA) and anthocyanins (ANT), hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), flavonol glycosides (FG) and flavanols (FLAV) were determined. ANT dominated in fresh and frozen cherry ecotypes (321.90 – 774.61 mg/100 g dm) and cyanidin-3- glucosylrutinoside (CYGR) was present in the highest concentration (223.22 – 501.04 mg/100 g dm). The contents of other phenolics were considerably lower compared to ANT: HCA=40.72 – 86.28 mg/100 g dm, FG=22.34 – 41.03 mg/100 g dm and FLAV=0.16 – 0.59 mg/100 g dm, where major compounds presented in HCA were p-coumaric and neochlorogenic acids, in FG quercetin-3-glucoside and in FLAV catehin. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that all sour cherry samples significantly differed according to the ANT, HCA, FG and FLAV content (p≤0.01). Generally, ecotype Recta and Zadar growing area had higher polyphenolic content. Freezing storage caused decrease of almost all polyphenolic groups, particularly ANT (16 – 30 %) and HCA (26 – 36 %) while better stability of FG (10.5 – 20 %) and higher variation of FLAV content was observed. For determination of AOC three methods (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) were used and the AOC was as follows: DPPH=3.284 – 6.38 mmol TE/100 g dm, FRAP=7.18 - 18 mmol TE/100 g dm and ABTS=73.16 - 119.93 mmol TE/100 g dm. The results indicate higher AOC in samples of Brač 2 ecotype from Zadar growing area.

Caries prevalence among schoolchildren in urban and rural Croatia.

The aim of the study was to evaluate caries prevalence in a sample of schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years from rural and urban areas in Croatia. Using standardized World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria, the oral health status of 1,589 children (265 from rural and 1,324 from urban areas) was assessed by recording the following indices: DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth), deft (decayed, extracted, filled primary teeth), DMFS (decayed, missing, filled surfaces - permanent teeth), defs (decayed, extracted, filled surfaces - primary teeth) and SiC (Significant Caries Index). Rural areas were Štitar and Babina Greda municipalities in Slavonia and urban areas were the cities of Županja (Slavonia), Zagreb and Dubrovnik. Half of the examined children (50.0%) had caries (D component in DMFT), with 46.0% of these being from urban and 70.2% from rural areas. The median DMFT among children was 2, 4 (rural) and 2 (urban) (p < 0.001). Among 12-year-olds, the median DMFT was 4 (rural) and 3 (urban), and mean DMFT was 3.4. The median DMFS for rural area was 5 and for urban area 3 (p < 0.001). The median deft was 1.00 for rural and 1.00 for urban, while the highest value was found among 6-year-olds at 9 in rural and 7 in urban areas. The median SiC was 4, 4 (urban) and 5 (rural). Schoolchildren from urban and rural areas in Croatia differ significantly in caries prevalence. They fall into the medium DMFT classification group according to the WHO, which indicates the need for a comprehensive oral health preservation programme.

Which Douglas-Fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Provenances Provide the Best Productivity in the Hilly Area of Croatia?

Background and Purpose: Recently raised questions on adaptability of native tree species to climate changes pointed to Douglas-fir as a species suitable for rapid reforestation and increase of stand resistance. The first results on provenance research need to be confirmed in later stages of stand development, so the paper answers the following two questions: (i) are there differences in growth of 14 Douglas-fir provenances still in the fifth decade of stand development, and (ii) which provenances should be used and which omitted from further use in the hilly area of Croatia? Materials and Methods: Productivity of 14 provenances was evaluated on the basis of height, diameter at breast height and volume in the 46th year after planting. Growth dynamics was also statistically analysed using a repeated measure analysis of variance, for which purpose we partially used published data from the 2010. Results: The analysis excluded Castle Rock and Shady Cove (Oregon) provenances due to their low values of all analysed growth indicators, as well as Castle Rock, Elma and Hvidilde provenances due to their high values. Average values of tree volume ranged from 0.53 m3 (Shady Cove) to 2.05 m3 (Castle Rock), while the tallest trees belonged to Elma provenance (29.6 m). Conclusions: Different growth dynamics of provenances were confirmed for later development stage, so further monitoring is still required. Clear guidelines for the selection of provenances for practical forestry distinguish provenances from lower altitudes of the State of Washington, Denmark and Bulgaria as the most productive. Shady Cove and Salmon Arm provenances are not advised to be used in the future.

Flooding as a cause of ungulate mortality in floodplain forests in Croatia

Floodplain forests with regular flooding regimes are the largest natural retentions areas in Croatia and are important as natural habitats for ungulates. The aim of this study was to determine the scale of mortality caused by flooding within these forests. Over a 10-year period, data on ungulate mortality (red deer, roe deer and wild boar), flood duration and flooded surface area were recorded. The study was conducted in primary (Posavske Sume—RET I) and secondary (Opeke II—RET II) retention areas within Lonjsko Polje Nature Park (Sava River region, Croatia). The longest flood period and the largest flooded surface area were recorded in RET I. Total ungulate mortality was 749 individuals, with 482 individuals in RET I and 267 individuals in RET II, predominantly wild boar. Flood mortality did not differ by gender. The highest mortality of wild boar was recorded for the juvenile and yearling age classes. Low mortality of red and roe deer can be attributed to their body size and ecological niches. Differences in mortality between the primary and secondary retention areas corresponded to differences in flood regimes, flood column heights and micro relief structures. In both retention areas, wild boar mortality and flood duration, i.e. flooded surface area, were positively correlated. Because the growth rate of the analysed ungulate populations was higher than the recorded mortality, no long-term effect of floods is expected on species abundance in these areas.

European corn borer and its parasites overwintering abundance and damages on different corn FAO maturity groups

European corn borer (ECB) is one of the most significant maize pests in the world and also in Croatia. ECB causes yield reduction from 2 to 25%, even more in years favorable for its development. According to estimations, these losses are around 7%. About 90% of the hybrids had some resistance to whorl-leaf feeding (first-generation ECB) and 75% had some resistance to sheath and sheath-collar feeding (second-generation ECB). Along with resistance, modern maize hybrids possess certain level of tolerance. The main aim of this paper was to determine moth eclosion of the overwintering generation and presence of the parasites of ECB larvae during the overwintering as well as to estimate population density of ECB on maize growing area in Croatia. Also, we aimed to establish the differences among different maize FAO maturity groups in damage caused by ECB larvae. Estimated overwintering population was over 8,000 moths/ha i.e. more than 4 million larvae of first generation. During the overwintering four different parasites attacked the larvae. Two species belong to the order Hymenoptera (Cotesia marginiventris Cresson and Eriborus terebrans Gravenhorst) and two species belong to the order Diptera (Ramonda spathulata Fallen and Lydella thompsoni Herting). One caterpillar predator species Paragymnomerus spiricornis Spinola (Hymenopetra) overwinters in maize stalks as well. The highest attack of the first ECB generation was recorded on FAO maturity group 500. The damage from second ECB generation was the highest on FAO groups 400 and 500. The maize of the higher FAO groups has high and robust stems with large number of big leaves. That intensive vegetative growth is a biological characteristic that attracts first generation of ECB to intensifying egg lying. High population level of the first generation also leads to high level of second ECB generation which ultimately caused yield reduced on the hybrids of longer vegetation period (medium-late FAO maturity groups).

Development of the TIRAMISU Advanced Intelligence Decision Support System

ABSTRACT The Advanced Intelligence Decision Support System (AIDSS) is the first mine action technology in humanitarian demining to combine remote sensing and data fusion methods with advanced surveillance and reconnaissance in a successful operational system. It aims to provide a reliable, efficient tool to support the process of making decisions about suspected hazardous areas, based on the methodology scientifically developed and validated in the FP5 SMART project. The system was developed through Technology Project TP-006/0007-01, supported by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and deployed in operations in several suspected hazardous areas in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2008 and 2016. It was upgraded in the TIRAMISU project, and its name changed to TIRAMISU Advanced Intelligence Decision Support System. Gaps identified by end-users and system operators were filled in. Among the main results were innovations for generating mine danger maps. In this paper, only the structure of the system and its potential application in non-technical surveys as part of humanitarian demining are shown.