West Area Research Articles

Analisis model pembangunan pertanian dan transformasi yang terjadi di Desa Gedangan, Kecamatan Cepogo, Kabupaten Boyolali

Introduction: Desa Gedangan serves as the rural center in Cepogo District, Boyolali. Situated 14 km west of the downtown area of Boyolali Regency, it stands as a prominent vegetable-producing village in the region. The potential of Desa Gedangan lies in its rural tourism, encompassing attractions such as Candi Sari, Candi Lawang, Pasar Ngatpaingan, and agricultural activities. Challenges faced by Desa Gedangan include issues regarding the development of tourism infrastructure and pest control in the vegetable farming sector. Structural transformation in Desa Gedangan primarily focuses on the agricultural sector, which continues to evolve and is optimized to support the village's economy. Method: The fundamental methodology employed in this research is descriptive analytical with a qualitative approach, conducted through a case study in Desa Gedangan, Cepogo District, Boyolali Regency. Data sources comprise both primary and secondary data. Result: Primary data is obtained from key informants, primarily through direct interviews with the village head. Secondary data consists of evidence, records, or historical reports archived as documentary data. Findings reveal that institutional transformation in Desa Gedangan is currently limited due to adherence to regulations at the district level. The existing institutional transformation is mainly observed within the Karang Taruna organization. Technological transformation in Desa Gedangan involves the construction of three biogas reactors consisting of three ponds, established through collaboration with the Agricultural Technology Development Institute. The agricultural development model in Desa Gedangan currently emphasizes diversification of agricultural products, as evidenced by the cultivation of tobacco for commercial purpose.

Impacts of a Moderate-Sized Earthquake: The 2023 Magnitude (Mw) 4.7 Leyte, Leyte Earthquake, Philippines

On 15 January 2023, a shallow, moderate earthquake with a magnitude (Mw) of 4.7 and a depth of one kilometer struck the northern part of Leyte Island in the central Philippines. Originating along the northern Leyte segment of the Philippine Fault, a well-established creeping fault, the earthquake caused significant geologic, structural, and socio-economic impacts despite its low magnitude. Probable surface rupture and landslides were reported, leading to a comprehensive field investigation. Our investigation revealed an ~8 km discontinuous surface rupture along the northern Leyte segment of the Philippine Fault, with a maximum left-lateral displacement of 2 cm. This was the first documented occurrence of such a phenomenon associated with an earthquake of a magnitude less than 6, particularly along a creeping fault segment. The maximum ground shaking felt was reported on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) to be VI (very strong), equivalent to a Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of VI along the fault strike. However, strong motion accelerographs recorded a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.407 g, equivalent to PEIS VIII (very destructive), attributed to local site amplification influenced by subsurface geology. In the area where the local site amplification occurred, limited liquefaction was observed on marshlands with recent and alluvial deposits. Two landslides were observed in the mountainous area west of the fault. Structural damages were noted in areas with PEIS VI intensity and areas transected by the surface rupture. Despite the earthquake’s low magnitude, the event documented significant impacts, including surface ruptures, liquefaction, landslides, and severe structural damage. The peculiarities of this event are attributed to the shallowness of the earthquake source, and local site conditions, including geology, geomorphology, and soil properties, contributed to the severity of the impacts. Moderate in size, this earthquake emphasizes the importance of documenting moderate-sized earthquakes as a tool and guide for medium- and long-term earthquake risk assessment and resiliency.

Study on the Heterogeneity of the Stress Field in the Maduo Earthquake Fault Zone

Abstract The 2021 Maduo earthquake sequence occurred on the Jiangcuo fault zone in Qinghai, China. However, the earthquake sequence did not occur along a straight fault. Aftershocks in the southeast section deflected the aftershocks in the southeast section to the east, when the aftershocks in the northwest section bifurcated. To investigate the relationship between these eastward deflections, aftershock bifurcations, and fault activity, 150 focal mechanism solutions of the Maduo earthquake sequence are collected and processed, and then the stress fields in the subregion and whole region are subsequently determined by partitioning the sliding window from southeast to northwest. The results show that the overall tectonic stress field of the Maduo earthquake sequence exhibits northeast–southwest compression and northwest–southeast extension due to the northward compression of the Indian plate, causing rupture of the Kunlunshankou-Jiangcuo fault, which straightened the curved Maduo-Gander fault. The stress field at the deflection of the southeastern section of the source area differs significantly from the overall stress field. The plunge angle of the extensional stress axis in the southeastern deflection area is close to vertical, which is speculated to be due to the effect of the crack tip and the adjustment of local stress after the earthquake. The extensional stress axis at the bifurcated distribution of aftershocks in the northwestern section of the source area is slightly greater than of the overall stress field, indicating that the activation of the bifurcated hidden fault was triggered by the high rupture intensity and the adjustment of local stress. The reactivation of the hidden bifurcated fault results in local stress and causes decreasing seismicity west of the bifurcation area.

Individuals departing non-breeding areas early achieve earlier breeding and higher breeding success.

Conditions experienced by an individual during migration have the potential to shape migratory tactic and in turn fitness. For large birds, environmental conditions encountered during migration have been linked with survival and subsequent reproductive output, but this is less known for smaller birds, hindering our understanding of mechanisms driving population change. By combining breeding and tracking data from 62 pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) representing two breeding populations collected over 2016-2020, we determine how variation in migration phenology and tactic among individuals affects subsequent breeding. Departure date from West African non-breeding areas to European breeding grounds was highly variable among individuals and had a strong influence on migration tactic. Early departing individuals had longer spring migrations which included longer staging duration yet arrived at breeding sites and initiated breeding earlier than later departing individuals. Individuals with longer duration spring migrations and early arrival at breeding sites had larger clutches, and for males higher fledging success. We suggest that for pied flycatchers, individual carry-over effects may act through departure phenology from West Africa, and the associated spring migration duration, to influence reproduction. While our results confirm that departure date from non-breeding areas can be associated with breeding success in migratory passerines, we identify spring staging duration as a key component of this process.

Distribution, Associated Risks and Sources of Organochlorine Pesticides in Farmland Soils from Ethiope West Area of Delta State, Nigeria

rganochlorine pesticides (OCPs) usage provides many advantages for agriculture; however, there are also significant concerns to the environment and public health. Since there is little information available on OCPs' distribution, associated risks and sources in Nigerian farmland soils, this study was carried out. Soil samples were collected from farmlands in ten communities. Samples were extracted with hexane/dichloromethane and cleaned up in a column of silica gel and florisil. The OCPs were measured using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The ∑20 OCPs levels in the soils varied between 47.5 and 109 ng/g. The OCPs homologues distribution in the soils was in the order of ∑DDTs > ∑Drins > ∑Chlordane > ∑BHCs > ∑Endosulfan. The risks assessment result indicated that there was adverse ecological effect on organisms residing in the soils and there is the likelihood that this effect will be frequently observed. Moreover, there was potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for persons exposed to OCPs in these farmland soils. The result of the source identification indicated that historical usage was the main source of OCPs in these farmland soils. Keywords: Soil, Farmland, OCPs, Non-carcinogenic, Carcinogenic, Ethiope West

PENGARUH VARIASI PRODUK, MODAL USAHA, DAN PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PET SHOP DI SURABAYA BARAT

Small businesses play an important role in economic development in Indonesia. One of them is the Pet Shop business. The Pet Shop business is a business that stems from the hobby of cat enthusiasts. Pet Shop in West Surabaya is a business engaged in providing products and services in meeting the needs of pets. The existence of Pet Shop in the West Surabaya area is quite beneficial for animal lovers because it can make it easier for them to find their pet needs, including providing several product variations such as selling pet food products, selling accessories for pets such as cages, collars, litter boxes, clothes, toys, hats, sand, and cutlery, and also providing grooming for pet hygiene and pet care for pet owners who are going home or traveling far away. This study aims to determine the effect of product variety, business capital, and social media utilization on Pet Shop business development in West Surabaya. The research method used is quantitative research method. In collecting data in this study using a questionnaire distributed through the google-form technique. In the questionnaire there are questions related to indicators on the independent and dependent variables. Data collection in this study used non-probability sampling method with saturated sampling or census. The population in this study were 30 respondents from Pet Shop business actors in West Surabaya. Based on the results of this study, it proves that product variations and business capital partially have a positive impact and have no significant effect on Pet Shop Business Development in West Surabaya. Meanwhile, social media utilization partially has a positive and significant impact on Pet Shop business development in West Surabaya.

Research on the sustainability of "greening" process in the Mu Us Sandy Land based on the spatiotemporal stability of ecological land.

In environmentally sensitive areas, especially the arid and semi-arid regions, the greening stability process and its influencing factors can directly affect the sustainable development of the ecological environment. In this study, multi-source remote sensing data such as land use/cover data, MODIS NDVI, and soil moisture, methods such as stability index, vegetation quantitative remote sensing, and Geodetector were employed to analyze the sustainability of the greening process in the Mu Us Sandy in 2000-2020, which were viewed from three aspects: changes in stability of land use types and function, soil moisture change and influencing factors on greening stability. The results showed that, (1) From the stability of land use types, continuous stable ecological land accounted for more than 50%, showing that decreased from northwest toward southeast. (2) From the functional stability, NDVI showed a fluctuated growth (0.035/a), with an increasing distribution pattern from northwest to southeast. Additionally, Vegetation changes were unstable and concentrated in the western part of the study area (OtogBanner and Otog Front Banner), while the eastern part was stable, in which vegetation improvement took the main position. Moreover, mobile dunes almost disappeared, and semi-fixed dunes decreased and gradually shrank to the west of the sandy area, while fixed dunes soared and were concentrated in the middle of the sandy land. (3) From the soil moisture change, soil moisture at different underground depths showed an overall increasing trend, but the deep soil moisture was higher than the shallow, and spatial distribution varied greatly. (4) From the influencing factors, natural factors significantly influence greening stability, among which precipitation had a particularly profound impact, and interactions with other natural and social factors were higher explanatory. The paper aims to explore whether the ecological environment is developing in a good and orderly direction in the Mu Us Sandy Land, and the potential factors that cause its changes, to provide a theoretical basis for scientific governance in the Mu Us Sandy Land and other arid and semi-arid areas in the future.

Rediscovery of the endangered giant pangolin (Smutsia gigantea) in Senegal after 24 years

AbstractPangolins have generated great interest in recent years, largely due to the unprecedented scale of trafficking the species experiences. Detailed knowledge of pangolin distribution in West Africa is lacking, but many local extinctions are suspected. The last documented sighting of a giant pangolin in Senegal was in Niokolo‐Koba National Park (NKNP) and dates back to 1999. Following a large camera‐trap survey carried out in NKNP in 2023, we present photographic evidence that giant pangolins are still present in the park. Such rediscoveries not only underscore the importance of systematic biodiversity inventories, but also the critical value of West Africa's large protected areas.

Manajemen Wildlife Hazard di Aerodrome Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Balikpapan

Aviation safety is an important part in the world of aviation. One form of aviation safety is preventive and mitigating actions in the event of unwanted things such as a wildlife hazard. Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport, Balikpapan is an airport that has a strategic geographical position, namely the presence of forests and the sea in the south and west areas. This geographical location is the main trigger for the entry of wild animals and bird attacks at the Sepinggan aerodrome, Balikpapan. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is the need for short-term and long-term actions such as checking by personnel who have received special training, coordinating with related units, and compiling and producing report data according to a predetermined format.

Studi Kupu-kupu (Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera) di Daerah Papua Barat

Research on butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in the West Papua area was carried out to determine the species of butterflies in the area. This observation uses the literature study method, namely several steps carried out regarding the collection of library data from several trusted journals, where the observations rely on various literature to obtain research data and extract core information in the form of descriptions. The total number of Rhopalocera species in the Papilionoidea Superfamily is 391 with species from the Nymphalidae Family dominating the West Papua area. Cyrestis acilia is the most commonly found species with 66 species. The Nymphalidae family is most commonly found because it is polyphagous, so it has quite high adaptability compared to other families.

Minat Generasi Z di Kabupaten Aceh Barat untuk Berkunjung ke Destinasi Wisata Sejarah Makam Teuku Umar

As the heirs of civilization, Generation Z exhibits interest in visiting historical tourist destinations, demonstrating that they still harbor a sense of nationalism that never forgets the history of heroes. As Bung Karno once said, "A great nation is a nation that can appreciate the services of its heroes." The interest of generation Z in visiting the historical tourism site of Teuku Umar's mausoleum in the West Aceh area is measured using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). In this study, which employs a quantitative methodology, a sample of 96 respondents provided the primary data. The findings of this study show that generation Z's attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have direct positive effect on generation Z's behaviour intention to visit Teuku Umar’s grave in the West Aceh district.

Temporal trends in hypertension related end stage renal disease mortality rates: an analysis of gender, race/ethnicity, and geographic disparities in the United States.

According to one USA Renal Data System report, 57% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cases are attributed to hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy. Yet, trends in hypertension related ESRD mortality rates in adults ≥ 35 years of age have not been studied. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the different trends hypertension related ESRD death rates among adults in the United States. Death records from the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research) database were analyzed from 1999 to 2020 for hypertension related ESRD mortality in adults ≥ 35 years of age. Age-Adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons and annual percent change (APC) were calculated and stratified by year, sex, race/ethnicity, place of death, and geographic location. Hypertension-related ESRD caused a total of 721,511 deaths among adults (aged ≥ 35 years) between 1999 and 2020. The overall AAMR for hypertension related ESRD deaths in adults was 9.70 in 1999 and increased all the way up to 43.7 in 2020 (APC: 9.02; 95% CI: 8.19-11.04). Men had consistently higher AAMRs than woman during the analyzed years from 1999 (AAMR men: 10.8 vs women: 9) to 2020 (AAMR men: 52.2 vs women: 37.2). Overall AAMRs were highest in Non-Hispanic (NH) Black or African American patients (45.7), followed by NH American Indian or Alaska Natives (24.7), Hispanic or Latinos (23.4), NH Asian or Pacific Islanders (19.3), and NH White patients (15.4). Region-wise analysis also showed significant variations in AAMRs (overall AAMR: West 21.2; South: 21; Midwest: 18.3; Northeast: 14.2). Metropolitan areas had slightly higher AAMRs (19.1) than nonmetropolitan areas (19). States with AAMRs in 90th percentile: District of Columbia, Oklahoma, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, and South Carolina, had roughly double rates compared to states in 10th percentile. Overall hypertension related ESRD AAMRs among adults were seen to increase in almost all stratified data. The groups associated with the highest death rates were NH Black or African Americans, men, and populations in the West and metropolitan areas of the United States. Strategies and policies targeting these at-risk groups are required to control the rising hypertension related ESRD mortality.

Coastal vulnerability assessment of the West African coast to flooding and erosion

Global coastal areas are at risk due to geomorphological issues, climate change-induced sea-level rise, and increasing human population, settlements, and socioeconomic activities. Here, the study examines the vulnerability of the West African (WA) coast using six satellite-derived geophysical variables and two key socioeconomic parameters as indicators of coastal vulnerability index (CVI). These geophysical and socioeconomic variables are integrated to develop a CVI for the WA coast. Then, the regional hotspots of vulnerability with the main indicators that could influence how the WA coast behaves and can be managed are identified. The results indicate that 64, 17 and 19% of WA coastal areas had high to very high CVI, moderate CVI, and low to very low CVI, respectively. The study reveals that while geophysical variables contribute to coastal vulnerability in WA, socioeconomic factors, particularly high population growth and unsustainable human development at the coast, play a considerably larger role. Some sections of the WA coast are more vulnerable and exposed than others, particularly those in the region's northwestern and Gulf of Guinea regions. Climate change and human presence may amplify the vulnerability in these vulnerable areas in the future. Hence, future coastal economic development plans should be based on a deep understanding of local natural conditions, resource status, and geophysical parameters to prevent negative coastal ecosystem transformation. It is also essential to establish a coastal management plan that would facilitate the development of desired actions and stimulate sustainable management of West African coastal areas.

Morphology Development of West Surabaya

The development of the morphology of the city of West Surabaya has become the new modern area with housing developments since the 1970s. At first, most of the area of West Surabaya was an area of rice fields, dry fields, and swamps. Along with the increasing number of residential area developments, West Surabaya has become an increasingly crowded area. The presence of the Citraland developer accelerated the city’s morphological development. This paper explains how the area is developing with the presence of Citraland real estate in West Surabaya. The method of explanation is by analyzing the data and sources obtained through the stages of historical research methods, which include heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the results of data analysis and sources obtained, it was found that the development of the real estate area in Surabaya included two development periods, namely the period before the involvement of investors and after being handled by investors with CitraLand’s real estate intervention. The Citraland developer has changed the West Surabaya area morphologically with various developments that have been carried out. Some of the indicators are the emergence of differences in the social status of the inhabitants. Most of the luxury and medium-sized residential types in Citraland were inhabited by the Chinese community, while local residents occupy simple residential types in the Griya Citra Asri area. However, the development of CitraLand has made a major contribution to the morphological development of the western part of Surabaya.
 Keywords: city morphology, West Surabaya, real estate, Citraland

Prioritizing environmental policies in Greek coastal municipalities

The aim of the present contribution has been to present a methodological framework to gauge/assess the perceptions and identify the policy priorities of local-decision-makers for the management of the coastal zone under a changing climate, on the basis of structured ‘interviews’ of the local decision makers. The framework was applied in two different coastal areas in Greece: a) Elefsina, an urban-industrial area west of Athens with a long industrial history (and the 2023 European Capital of Culture); and b) the Aegean island of Santorini/Thera, a major international tourist destination due to the rare aesthetics of its volcanic landscape. The framework implementation showed that a) policy prioritization is characterized by an (understandably) overarching objective to address immediate environmental and socio-economic challenges in short time tables due also to constraints in appropriate human and financial resources and the reliance on higher governance (regional/national) levels; b) policy axis and action prioritizations are controlled by the local environmental setting and development model; c) interestingly for coastal municipalities policy actions associated with the study/protection of coastal ecosystems ranked very low albeit for different stated reasons; and d) climate change impacts and adaptation have not been prioritized highly in both coastal municipalities, in contrast to the large impacts and needs for adaptation projected for these areas and the evolving policy and legislation frameworks. It appears that higher efforts should be made in terms of the assessment of climate change impacts, and the dissemination of the assessment results and the relevance of the evolving policy and legislation regimes to the local policy makers.

Fuzzy Logic Approach for Earthquake Risk Around Menanga Fault, Lampung

Earthquake mitigation was one of the most complex and challenging parts in disaster risk management due to its complex aspects because there will be surprises of magnitude and uncertain points of shocks. Hence, comprehensive and detailed analysis and modeling is needed to solve this kind of complexity. Fuzzy logic considers the promising approach for risk mitigation modeling with its algorithm that could help to model the uncertainties and ambiguities. Menanga Fault was the active fault that is now believed as the source of the earthquake that happened earlier in the Pesawaran area, Lampung. This paper aims to determine the earthquake risk level around Menanga Fault with fuzzy logic approach. The result of this research shows three levels of risk around the Menanga Fault and the highest was in the south and west area, especially in the coastal area.

ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ СМЕШАННОГО ЗАПАДНОСРЕДНЕНЕМЕЦКОГО ДИАЛЕКТА КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ТЕКСТОВ КУЛИНАРНЫХ РЕЦЕПТОВ РОССИЙСКИХ НЕМЦЕВ)

The article aims to consider the phonetic features of island Russian-German dialects of the Krasnoyarsk region. The research material was the author's corpus of oral texts of culinary recipes recorded by digital audio recording during dialectological expeditions to the former German villages of the Krasnoyarsk region. General phonetic features of the studied High German dialects of the Germans of the Krasnoyarsk region (settlers from the Volga region and their descendants), reflected in the dialect texts of culinary recipes, transmit the features characteristic of the West Middle German dialect area with a Rhenish-Frankish basis. Consonantal changes illustrate the nature of the second (High German) movement of Germanic consonants of the specified dialect area. The phonetic features of the German dialects of the Krasnoyarsk region, described in the article on the material of the culinary recipe texts, clarify the existing views about the current state of the island dialect language system, the description of which is important for further study of German dialectology and the theory of languages interaction.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Devirsivikasi Limbah Kayu Menjadi Kerajinan Wall Décor Flower Pada Komunitas Omah (TBC)

This article is about community empowerment in deviating wood waste into Wall Décor Flower crafts. This community empowerment is carried out in the Community of People Suffering from TBC, which is organized into a community called Omah (TBC). This community is located in the West Metro area of Metro Lampung City. This mentoring program is for the community to gain skills and theoretical understanding in processing wood waste to become wall decor flower crafts. In addition, wood wastes that will be used as wall décor flower crafts will reduce waste which will actually pollute the environment, with the use of wood waste, the community will get a solution in improving the community's economy. The focus of this article's study is How to Empower the Community through Devisivying Wood Waste into Wall Décor Flower Crafts in the Omah TIBI (TBC) Community in West Metro District? The service research method or strategy used in this program is the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The ABCD method is a community service approach with an orientation so that people have the power to recognize and utilize all their strengths and assets for the good of the community.

The Hydrogeological Condition of Dibdibba aquifer between Karbala and Najaf in the middle of Iraq

The study area is located on the Dibdibba plateau in the middle of Iraq, particularly between the governorates of Karbala and Najaf. Given that the Dibdibba hydrogeological aquifer is thought to be the main source of water in this region, this site is chosen for performing the hydrogeological assessment. The study included 60 wells located on the west of the study area in Najaf Governorate. In these wells, the groundwater depths were measured in the field at the beginning of December 2021. The water stream was between 7.8 and 37.7 meters above the sea level, while the well depths ranged from 2.83 to 34 meters. Then, the spatial distribution of depths and water streams was mapped. Many wells were left by farmers because the water stream had gone down and the depth of the water had increased. The flow net of groundwater was determined to have two directions. The first direction was from the west to the east, and the second one was from the west and northwest to the southeast. The hydraulic properties of the Dibdibba aquifer in this study area were extracted by pumping tests. The experiments were carried out for five wells distributed over the area. The data was replaced with input into software for pumping tests, then analyzed by Newman's and Jacob's corrected methods for unconfined aquifers. Transmissivity values in experiments (T) ranged between 348 and 596 square meters/day, while hydraulic conductivity ranged between 14.1-22.5 m/day. The specific yield (Sy) equivalent to the storage coefficient in a confined aquifer was between 0.006 and 0.0302. The results of pumping test showed that the aquifer was of unconfined type according to the Neuman's and Jacob's corrected curves. In addition, the hydraulic property values were similar in all experiments with a slight difference, which may be related to the differences in saturated thickness, total depths, hydraulic gradient, and properties of rocks and sediments.

Lineament Geomorphologic Analysis to Identify Fault in Mount Semeru, East Java

This research analyzes the morphological lineaments on Mount Semeru, East Java. The morphological lineament is processed using satellite imagery as a digital elevation model (DEM), downloaded on the Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) page. The image was processed using Global Mapper software with azimuth angles of 00, 450, 900, 1800, and 3150 and produced a lineament map that had been overlaid from all azimuth angles and created a morphological lineament map with various groups of values from high to low. From the analysis that has been carried out, it was found that there are 103 lineaments, most of which are spread in the area west of the crater of Mount Semeru, with the dominant direction showing a west-southwest – east-northeast orientation.