Shijiazhuang is located in the contact area between the Taihang Mountain Uplift and the Jizhong Depression of the North China Plain, adjacent to the eastern Taihang Mountain Fault. The major geothermal fields are located to the southeast of the Shijiazhuang region. Considering that the origin of these geothermal fields can be better delineated via geophysical methods, in this study, broadband magnetotelluric data were acquired from 51 stations. The aim of this study was to understand the underlying mechanism of the action of a geothermal system in terms of resistivity and other known information. Before inversion, the data were processed via remote reference technique, and the dimensionality and geoelectric strike directions were analyzed. 2D inversion of the TM-mode data was performed via the non-linear conjugate gradient method, and a deep electrical structure was imaged. Combining the data with previous data, the tectonic units and fault distribution of study area were comprehensively interpreted. The four components of the geothermal system have been identified: a heat source, channel, thermal reservoir, and caprock. The low-resistivity layer in the middle crust was considered as a deep heat source, and the fault was a heat diffusion channel. The high-porosity carbonate rock in the uplift area was considered as a thermal reservoir, and the overlying Neogene and Quaternary strata were considered as caprocks for thermal insulation. This study provides valuable reference basis for studying geothermal fields in this area.