Area Of Social Protection Research Articles

Charitable and Volunteer Activities as a Social Practice: Legal, Teleological and Axiological Aspects

Charitable and Volunteer Activities as a Social Practice: Legal, Teleological and Axiological Aspects

The role of supervisory support in stress management and prevention of occupational burnout of professionals working in social protection. Case study: Montenegro

Supervisory support is recognised as a significant mechanism for identifying factors that contribute to stress and potentially generate conditions that are conducive to occupational burnout of professionals who work in the area of social protection. In Montenegro, the practice of implementation of supervisory support does not have notable continuity; rather, it is a consequence of reforms of the social and child protection system that have taken place over the past ten years. Supervisory support is implemented in social work centres in line with the Western European supervision model. The history of implementation of the supervision process has been marked by a strong emphasis on the administrative function over the supporting and educational functions. Such an approach has resulted in a number of dilemmas, contradictions and different professional views among key actors in the supervision process. This paper examines the implications of having applied such a form of supervisory support system in the field of stress management and prevention of burnout among professionals. Simultaneously, organisational solutions that have emerged as a result of the selected model of supervision are questioned. By indicating systemic deficiencies, we draw attention to the challenges of stress and burnout faced by social work professionals and supervisors. Emphasis on the role of supervision in the reduction of stress and occupational burnout enables profiling the idea of modifying supervisory support in the social protection system of Montenegro. Key words supervision; stress; occupational burnout; supervisor; professionals.

Welfare brokers and European Union migrants' access to social protection.

In spite of the existence of an extensive national and supranational legal framework, European Union (EU) citizens who exercise their right to freedom of movement to work in another Member State face numerous hurdles in accessing social protection. While recent scholarship on street-level bureaucracy and on migration and welfare has shed light on the role of discretion and stereotypes in access to rights, little is known about the processes through which such hurdles are overcome. In this article, we focus on a specific strategy which is the recourse to what we call "welfare brokers". These actors offer assistance to EU migrants to overcome specific cross-border administrative challenges in the area of social protection that derive from their use of the right to freedom of movement. Relying on qualitative data collected with brokers and Romanian migrants working in Germany, the article also demonstrates that welfare brokers attempt to transform the norms, bureaucratic practices and representations that condition access to these entitlements. The article concludes by underlining how the existence of a brokerage industry is a sign of existing inequalities in the exercise of freedom of movement within the EU.

The goods (and bads) of self‐employment

The goods (and bads) of <scp>self‐employment</scp>

Machine Learning Based Approach for Sustainable Social Protection Policies in Developing Societies

Machine learning has been increasingly used for making informed public policy decisions, however, its application in the area of social protection in developing societies has been largely overlooked. We have employed unsupervised machine learning K-means clustering technique for exploring a big data that comprised of 88 attributes and 570 instances for better targeting of households that are in urgent need of welfare from the government. The clusters formed showed common patterns relating to insecurities in terms of loss of income and property, unemployment, disasters and disease etc. faced by households in each cluster. We found that households falling in rural areas jurisdictions face severe insecurities compared to other localities and are in urgent need of social protection interventions. We concluded that by employing K-means clustering unsupervised machine learning approach big data (even if it is limited) can be explored effectively for better targeting of social protection interventions for both developing and smart societies. The unsupervised machine learning technique presented in this study is an efficient approach because it can be used by societies that are facing data constraints and can achieve optimal results for increasing the welfare of poor by using the said approach.

OECD ÜLKELERİNDE ÖZEL TÜKETİM VERGİ GELİRİ VE DEVLET HARCAMALARI ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between excise taxes revenues and government spending areas in OECD countries. Panel data causality analyzes were performed for 20 OECD member countries using yearly data for the 1995-2016 period to investigate the relationship between government spending in education, health, public services, defense, and social protection areas and excise tax revenues. At the end of the analysis, two-way causality relationship between excise tax and defense, education, health, general public services, and social protection spending have been observed. The results support both the spend- tax hypothesis and the tax-spend hypothesis. Furthermore, the tax-spend hypothesis is stronger in social protection spending and the spend-tax hypothesis is stronger in general public spending. Health spending strongly supports two hypotheses. It can be interpreted that the increases in defense, education, and general public services spending in the economies of OECD countries are financed by an increase in excise tax revenues. The bi-directional causality between health spending and excise tax revenue shows that both the increased excise tax revenue is directed towards health spending and excise revenues are used to cover health spending.

The social doctrine of the catholic church as a foundation for the emergence of the legal regulation in the area of social protection in Europe

The social doctrine of the Catholic Church is an indication of the active involvement of the Church in disseminating the ideas ofthe welfare state and it reflects its attempts to establish ideals of the welfare state through an external influence on the ideology of countriesthat belong to Christendom.Furthermore, one cannot ignore the fact that encyclicals had a direct or indirect influence on the adoption of the first social protectionacts in Catholic Europe where encyclicals played an important role.As a result, the Holy See aligned itself with the labour movement.Considering the fact that papal encyclicals covered the entire Catholic World, these documents can be viewed as an example ofinternational soft law.The first social rights, principles, and values in the area of social protection were enshrined in the encyclicals.Social rights belong to second-generation human rights the legal basis for which comprises international instruments adoptedafter the Second World War (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the Convention for the Protection of Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms (1950), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the European SocialCharter (Revised) (1965–1996), the European Code of Social Security (1964), meaning 50 years after these rights were enshrined inpapal encyclicals.There is an indisputable fact that has still not been discussed in scientific research on social protection and according to whichthe social doctrine of the Catholic Church can be viewed as an inherent part of the process of occurrence, formation, and developmentof social protection, and it can be regarded as an ideological framework, a source of social rights and principles of social protection.Considering the above-mentioned findings, the social doctrine of the Catholic Church can be defined as the body of legislationadopted by the Holy See regarding the status and development of social and labour rights, their place in a person’s life and in publiclife. Papal encyclicals form the basis of that legislation and they are addressed to believers, bishops, and archbishops.

The social doctrine of the catholic church as a foundation for the emergence of the legal regulation in the area of social protection in Europe

The social doctrine of the Catholic Church is an indication of the active involvement of the Church in disseminating the ideas ofthe welfare state and it reflects its attempts to establish ideals of the welfare state through an external influence on the ideology of countriesthat belong to Christendom.Furthermore, one cannot ignore the fact that encyclicals had a direct or indirect influence on the adoption of the first social protectionacts in Catholic Europe where encyclicals played an important role.As a result, the Holy See aligned itself with the labour movement.Considering the fact that papal encyclicals covered the entire Catholic World, these documents can be viewed as an example ofinternational soft law.The first social rights, principles, and values in the area of social protection were enshrined in the encyclicals.Social rights belong to second-generation human rights the legal basis for which comprises international instruments adoptedafter the Second World War (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the Convention for the Protection of Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms (1950), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the European SocialCharter (Revised) (1965–1996), the European Code of Social Security (1964), meaning 50 years after these rights were enshrined inpapal encyclicals.There is an indisputable fact that has still not been discussed in scientific research on social protection and according to whichthe social doctrine of the Catholic Church can be viewed as an inherent part of the process of occurrence, formation, and developmentof social protection, and it can be regarded as an ideological framework, a source of social rights and principles of social protection.Considering the above-mentioned findings, the social doctrine of the Catholic Church can be defined as the body of legislationadopted by the Holy See regarding the status and development of social and labour rights, their place in a person’s life and in publiclife. Papal encyclicals form the basis of that legislation and they are addressed to believers, bishops, and archbishops.

Socijalna komponenta lokalne samouprave u Republici Srbiji

The Republic of Serbia is by Constitution defined, among other things, as a state of social justice, so are the reasons that citizens have the right to social protection, and the jurisdiction of the Republic, autonomous provinces and local self-government in realization of the rights of citizens in this domain. The laws about local selfgovernment and social protection elaborate individual rights from the domain of social protection, and the place and role of the local self-government in their realization. Since the scientific public in the Republic of Serbia hasn't been more seriously engaged in this segment of the local self-government activities, the author in this article has presented the basic areas of social protection and modalities of work of the local self-government in their realization.

Соціальне забезпечення як передумова подолання бідності та соціальної ізоляції населення

The article is devoted to the problems of social security of population. It compares the concepts of «social protection» and «social security». As a result, social security provides for the creation of social conditions necessary for the enjoyment of human rights, and protection is only one of its constituent elements. It is noted that meeting the vital needs of people is hampered by the types of social risks, in particular, poverty and social isolation. This naturally requires the implementation of social security for the population.The need for social security for poor people is justified because their consumption does not meet either physiological, social or cultural standards. Poverty makes it impossible to maintain the lifestyles inherent in a particular society for a specific period of time due to the lack of funds. It is a possible cause of social isolation (social exclusion) of people. However, the article notes that poverty does not necessarily lead to social exclusion, and the socially isolated are not always the poor.It is confirmed that as the social standards in the country increase, the standard of living of the population continues declining, and the current social protection system cannot help it by providing various benefits as they are now offered. Therefore, the area of social protection and social security of the population requires reforming, through the development of individual social protection plans, in particular.

Sixty years after Titmuss: New findings on occupational welfare in Europe

AbstractFollowing the seminal work of Richard Titmuss, who coined the term occupational welfare (OW) 60 years ago, the article approaches OW provision in Europe today. We first define OW as the sum of extra‐statutory social benefits and services provided by employers and/or trade unions as a result of employment. We then look at its recent evolution: OW expenditure and coverage have been increasing significantly in Europe since the 1990s. While pensions are still the main policy area of OW, the latter has also advanced in other social protection areas (e.g., health insurance, reconciliation). This has led to four different ideal types of OW—defined on the base of their organizing principle (voluntarism vs. collectivism) and the level of OW scheme coverage and expenditure. By looking at the main drivers of OW, the analysis has found no evidence of a “crowding out” effect between public welfare and OW. Collective bargaining, national political economy, and the timing of reforms prove to be important factors explaining the OW development. As for the present and future of OW, dualization is a major risk. At present, the main fault lines created by OW follow sectoral, industry, company size, and occupational group lines. To avoid the worsening of inequalities originated by OW, even in those countries which were able in the past to avoid dualization, strong industrial relations may play a key role. The article concludes with some suggestions on the agenda of future OW research.

Building Implicit Partnershipss? Financial Long Term Care Entitlements in Europe

The public funding of long-term care (LTC) programs to support the frail elderly is still underdeveloped compared to other areas of social protection for old age. In Europe, any moves to broaden entitlements to LTC are impeded by increasing demand for care coinciding with constrained public finances. We examine a set of conditions that facilitate modifications to the financial entitlement to LTC and elaborate the concept of ‘implicit partnerships’: an implicit (or ‘silent’) agreement, encompassing the financial co-participation of public funders and the time and/or financial resources of users and their families. We argue that the successful building of ‘implicit partnerships’ opens the door to potential reform of financial entitlements, either through ‘user partnerships’ relying on users’ co-payments, or ‘caregiver partnerships’ relying on informal care provision. We examine entitlements over time in seven European countries; the EU-5, the Netherlands and Sweden. Furthermore, we show that public attitudes towards financing and provision of LTC support the country specific financial entitlements and the type of implicit partnership we identify.

Основні проблеми соціального захисту учасників АТО

Події на сході України в 2014 році розширили сферу дії системи соціального захисту. Виникла потреба здійснення соціального захисту військовослужбовців та інших учасників антитерористичної операції. Недостатній рівень соціального захисту військовослужбовців, як свідчить закордонний і вітчизняний досвід, негативно позначається на якісному складі війська, знижує мотивацію, породжує невдоволення тощо. Діагностика державної політики показує, що вона характеризується безсистемністю та фрагментарністю здійснюваних заходів, обмеженістю інструментарію проведення кардинальних змін, неврахуванням об’єктивних чинників тощо. У статті здійснено аналіз сучасного стану вирішення проблем забезпечення соціального захисту учасників АТО. Визначено основні напрями соціального захисту цієї категорії осіб: створення єдиного реєстру учасників АТО, що дозволить забезпечити їм та їхнім сім’ям належний рівень соціального захисту та гарантій; побудова ефективної моделі грошового забезпечення військовослужбовців; створення дієвого механізму забезпечення житлом військовослужбовців та їхніх сімей; підвищення ефективності існуючої системи пільг та компенсацій для учасників АТО і членів їхніх сімей; удосконалення механізму вирішення соціальних проблем в умовах військового навчання, несення бойової та допоміжної служби; створення системи психологічної та фізіологічної реабілітації; забезпечення санаторно-курортним лікуванням.

Wybrane regulacje zabezpieczeń społecznych gospodarki Stanów Zjednoczonych na tle rozwiązań stosowanych w innych krajach

The United States is perceived as a country with a low level of social security, although legislation in this area seems to be comprehensive. The nature of the American worker protection regulations is assessed as a much more liberal than it is for European countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the basic regulations of the US labor market in the area of social protection and compare them with equivalent regulations in selected European Union countries. Research hypothesis is the claim that social security regulations in the United States are more liberal than in compared countries of the European Union. The study briefly describes the US labor market and compares it to selected markets in other countries. Then, presents the basic American institutions of social security – unemployment insurance and pension system. It also discusses regulations on working hours, minimum wage, granted leave etc. The last part of the paper presents the American model of social security by specifying it as a liberal in comparison with other European Union countries

Labour Market Flexibility Relations and Social Cohesion in Spain 1980-2009

In this article the different phases social cohesion in Spain has passed through from 1980 to 2010, which is analysed using time series based on developments within the work market and the area of social protection. By observing unemployment rates taken from the survey of the working population a clear change of tendency can be noted in the year 1985, when as a result of the first work market reform, temporary employment was introduced, and in the years 1994, 2001 and 2010. The rates of temporary employment demonstrate the plateau produced from 1992 to 2006. As regards the area of social protection, we use the time series SEEPROSS of retirement pensions with the six important work market reforms of 1985, 1990, 1995, 2002, 2007 and 2010. Health with the inflection points at 1984, 1990 and 2003 when the transfers to the autonomous communities are finalized and of benefits for unemployment, family, survivors, social exclusion and housing. In a comparison with neighbouring countries a important distance can be observed as regards developments in the work markets, while the position is more discrete in the area o social market.

Employer-Centred Benefits and the Atypical Workforce

This article investigates several areas of social protection, which are dependent on typical features of standard employment contracts in a number of countries and consequently inaccessible for atypical categories. A comparative overview of European legal orders should provide an idea of the possibilities, expected gains and drawbacks of severing the ties between benefits and individual employers, with a view to extending protection to atypical contractual relationships.

Demographic aspects of social security in region

This paper presents a situational analysis of the level of life safety in the field of demographic regions of the Ural Federal District. The analysis is based on data from the Federal Statistics and covers the period 2000-2010. We have developed a system of indicators for evaluating safety in the demographic sphere. We set the main threats to the social and economic stability in the regions. The system of thresholds includes three blocks: the reproduction of the population, marriage and family relationships and health. We have presented a quantitative description of the main threats. Identified priority areas of social protection, providing increased stability of the regional socio-economic development, reducing the likelihood of social conflicts and improve the demographic situation.

Escape from poverty: Obstacles preventing NGOs from becoming fully fledged service providers in the area of social protection in Serbia

The paper deals with possible solutions of problems affecting particularly vulnerable parts of the population - the elderly, poor, and refugees, among others. In order to fully realize the potential for providing services for the unprivileged, it is necessary to establish full cooperation between civil sector and non-governmental organizations, and government agencies. The paper covers some issues that explain lack of cooperation between these sectors and offers some recommendations for the immediate future.