Rice Field Area Research Articles

Lowland Rice Mapping in Sédhiou Region (Senegal) Using Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 Data and Random Forest

In developing countries, information on the area and spatial distribution of paddy rice fields is an essential requirement for ensuring food security and facilitating targeted actions of both technical assistance and restoration of degraded production areas. In this study, Sentinel 1 (S1) and Sentinel 2 (S2) imagery was used to map lowland rice crop areas in the Sédhiou region (Senegal) for the 2017, 2018, and 2019 growing seasons using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. Ground sample datasets were annually collected (416, 455, and 400 samples) for training and testing yearly RF classification. A procedure was preliminarily applied to process S2 scenes and yield a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series less affected by clouds. A total of 93 predictors were calculated from S2 NDVI time series and S1 vertical transmit–horizontal receive (VH) and vertical transmit–vertical receive (VV) backscatters. Guided regularized random forest (GRRF) was used to deal with the arising multicollinearity and identify the most important predictors. The RF classifier was then applied to the selected predictors. The algorithm predicted the five land cover types present in the test areas, with a maximum accuracy of 87% and kappa coefficient of 0.8 in 2019. The broad land cover maps identified around 12,500 (2017), 13,800 (2018), and 12,800 (2019) ha of lowland rice crops. The study highlighted a partial difficulty of the classifier to distinguish rice from natural herbaceous vegetation (NHV) due to similar temporal patterns and high intra-class variability. Moreover, the results of this investigation indicated that S2-derived predictors provided more valuable information compared to VV and VH backscatter-derived predictors, but a combination of radar and optical imagery always outperformed a classification based on single-sensor inputs. An example is finally provided that illustrates how the maps obtained can be combined with ground observations through a ratio estimator in order to yield a statistically sound prediction of rice area all over the study region.

Mapping Ratoon Rice Planting Area in Central China Using Sentinel-2 Time Stacks and the Phenology-Based Algorithm

Mapping rice cropping systems is important for grain yield prediction and food security assessments. Both single- and double-season rice are the dominant rice systems in central China. However, because of increasing labor shortages and high costs, there has been a gradual decline in double-season rice. Ratoon rice (RR) has been proposed as an alternative system that balances the productivity, cost, and labor requirements of rice cultivation. RR has been expanding in central China, encouraged by the improved cultivars, machinery, and favorable policies. However, to our knowledge, the distribution of RR has not been mapped with remote sensing techniques. This study developed a phenology-based algorithm to map RR at a 10 m resolution in Hubei Province, Central China, using dense time stacks of Sentinel-2 images (cloud cover <80%) in 2018. The key in differentiating RR from the other rice cropping systems is through the timing of maturity. We proposed to use two contrast vegetation indices to identify RR fields. The newly-developed yellowness index (YI) calculated with the reflectance of blue, green, and red bands was used to detect the ripening phase, and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was used to detect the green-up of the second-season crop to eliminate the misclassification caused by stubbles left in the field. The RR map demonstrated that RR was mainly distributed in the low alluvial plains of central and southern Hubei Province. The total planting area of RR in 2018 was 2225.4 km2, accounting for 10.03% of the total area of paddy rice fields. The overall accuracy of RR, non-RR rice fields, and non-rice land cover types was 0.76. The adjusted overall accuracy for RR and non-RR was 0.91, indicating that the proposed YI and the phenology-based algorithm could accurately identify RR fields from the paddy rice fields.

Comparison of water availability in 2015 and 2022 based on land cover in the Maros River Basin

Forest as one of permanent vegetation can have an impact either to increase or decrease the quality of a watershed due to the changes in land cover. Land use activities that are changing landscapes within a watershed can often affect water yield. This study aims to determine the availability of water in Maros watershed in 2015 and 2022 and to identify the sub-watershed experiencing changes in water availability. Data analysis in this study uses the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. Input data used in the analysis are the 2015 land use map, 2022 land cover projected map (Markov model analysis), soil type map, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The results showed that land cover in 2015 and 2022 was projected to change. The number of settlement and rice fields area was increased, while the forest vegetation was decreased. The change in land cover will affect water availability. The result of the SWAT modeling analysis showed that the availability of water in Maros Watershed in 2015 was 1,303,169,370 m3, and in 2022 was 1,322,495,380 m3. The volume of water availability from 2015 to 2022 has increased by 19,326,010 m3. The increase that occurred was influenced by the surface flow, which increased from 2015 to 2022. There are 38 sub-watershed, which have decreased water availability, 26 sub-watersheds in which the water availability was increased while one sub-watershed did not change at all.

Analysis of Crop Pattern Plant and Irrigation Water Needs in Pauh Tinggi Irigation Network Planning, Pauh Tinggi Village, Kerinci District, Jambi

Pauh Tinggi irrigation network planning which has an area of irrigation land of 473 ha. This irrigation plan draws water from the Pauh Tinggi Dam located in the Batanghari Hulu river, Kerinci Regency, Jambi. Population growth which is directly proportional to the increasing necessities of life, one of which is in the food sector, has made the government take the initiative to meet the needs and welfare of the community by opening land into productive areas of rice fields and fields, and making irrigation plans. In making irrigation planning, hydrological and rainfall calculations are needed to be able to make the right cropping system for farmers in Pauh Tinggi Village, Kerinci Regency, Jambi. A calculation of 17 alternative cropping patterns with different types of plant variants and different plans for the initial planting period were carried out by comparing with the mainstay debit factor (Q80). It was found that the cropping pattern is very possible always using the RICE-RICE-CROP cropping pattern. The most efficient and optimal planting pattern is the alternative planting pattern 14 in the form of RICE -RICE-CORN with Netto Field Water Requirements in tertiary plots (NFR tertiary) ranging from 0 - 1.30 ltr / sec / ha with a maximum of 1.30 ltr / sec / ha in January I, while irrigation water needs in the intake (DR intake) range 0 - 1.60 ltr sec / ha with a maximum of 1.60 ltr / sec / ha in January I.

PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA SORGUM TANAMAN PANGAN ALTERNATIF PADA DAERAH BAYANGAN HUJAN DI NAGARI RAMBATAN KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA

Sorgum merupakan tanaman yang adaptif, dapat tumbuh optimal pada lahan kering dan masam, dan tahan terhadap kondisi marjinal (kekeringan, salinitas dan lahan masam). Tanaman ini memiliki manfaat sebagai sumber karbohidrat pengganti beras dan dapat diolah menjadi produk turunan lainnya. Sejauh ini masyarakat mengkonsumsi bulir sorgum yang diolah secara tradisional antara lain di buat bubur atau di kukus dan langsung dinikmati. Selain itu, dengan pengolahan yang baik dapat menjadikan sorgum sebagai pangan fungsional kesehatan potensial. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan informasi terkait pengolahan dan budidaya sorgum. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan pendampingan. Di akhir program terjadi transfer teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pendapatan masyarakat di Nagari Rambatan. Dari hasil kegiatan diperoleh bahwa Jorong Pabalutan dan Dusun Ladang Laweh berada di Nagari Rambatan Kecamatan Rambatan Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat. Nagari Rambatan mempunyai 1.550 kepala keluarga yang mayoritas petani padi di sawah, menyadap karet, dan lain-lain. Luas lahan persawahan di Nagari Rambatan sekitar 27.442 Ha. Kondisi umum yang dihadapi petani adalah masalah pengairan, petani hanya bertanam padi di sawah dua kali dalam setahun bahkan hanya sekali dalam setahun. Hal ini disebabkan karena Rambatan termasuk daerah bayangan hujan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengisi kekosongan lahan saat musim kemarau adalah dengan melakukan budidaya tanaman sorgum. Selanjutnya hasil survei terhadap kelompok tani Sepakat dan kelompok tani Kuta Bali menunjukkan keinginan yang kuat untuk mendapatkan transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi yang terkait dengan budidaya sorgum yang baik dan benar.

Mapping Paddy Rice Fields by Combining Multi-Temporal Vegetation Index and Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing Data Using Google Earth Engine Machine Learning Platform

The knowledge of the area and spatial distribution of paddy rice fields is important for water resource management. However, accurate map of paddy rice is a long-term challenge because of its spatiotemporal discontinuity and short duration. To solve this problem, this study proposed a paddy rice area extraction approach by using the combination of optical vegetation indices and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. This method is designed to overcome the data-missing problem due to cloud contamination and spatiotemporal discontinuities of the traditional optical remote sensing method. More specifically, the Sentinel-1A SAR and the Sentinel-2 multispectral imager (MSI) Level-2A imagery are used to identify paddy rice with a high temporal and spatial resolution. Three vegetation indices, namely normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and land surface water index (LSWI), are estimated from optical bands. Two polarization bands (VH (vertical-horizontal) and VV (vertical-vertical)) are used to overcome the cloud contamination problem. This approach was applied with the random forest machine learning algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform for the Jianghan Plain in China as an experimental area. The results of 39 experiments uncovered the effect of different factors. The results indicated that the combination of VV and VH band showed a better performance compared with other polarization bands; the average producer’s accuracy of paddy rice (PA) is 72.79%, 1.58% higher than the second one VH. Secondly, the combination of three indices also showed a better result than others, with average PA 73.82%, 1.42% higher than using NDVI alone. The classification result presented the best combination is EVI, VV, and VH polarization band. The producer’s accuracy of paddy rice was 76.67%, with the overall accuracy (OA) of 66.07%, and Kappa statistics of 0.45. However, NDVI, EVI, and VH showed better performance in mapping the morphology. The results demonstrated the method developed in this study can be successfully applied to the cloud-prone area for mapping paddy rice to overcome the data missing caused by cloud and rain during the paddy growing season.

Optimization of water distribution for channel irrigation networks Krueng Baro Kiri scheme (Aceh-Indonesia)

The standard area of Krueng Baro irrigation scheme is 11.950 Ha, divided into Baro Kanan irrigation (8,920 Ha) and Baro Kiri irrigation (3.030 Ha). This irrigation focuses on increasing the productivity of food crops in Pidie District. Previous research reported that the distribution efficiency of the Baro Kiri primarychannel (74,1%) was smaller than the Baro Kanan (86,8%). The decreasing efficiency level of the channel results in a large number of unirrigated paddy fields that which in turn decrease the rice productivity. This study aimed to determine the optimum area of the rice fields that can be irrigated and examine the amount of discharge distributed to each channel by minimizing water loss. The method used was the optimization linear program. The optimization had the objective function of minimizing water loss. The land area was a decision variable, while the water loss in each channel and the water availability in each weir were the constraint function. The optimization results created an area of 2.810 Ha out of 3.030 Ha total area of rice fields in Krueng Baro Kiri by minimizing water loss in each channel based on the efficiency value of each channel. The rice field terrace that had highly reduced from the standard area in the Krueng Baro Kiri were the ones in the channel section of R4 and R5, 10 Ha of the standard rice field area. This occurred because these two channel sections (R4 and R5) had the smallest efficiency value of 47,26%, and 58,03%, respectively.

KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN BANDENG DI SAWAH TAMBAK (Studi Kasus pada Kelompok Tani ‘Makin Makmur” Di Desa Deket Wetan Kecamatan Deket Kabupaten Lamongan)

East Java, which has a large enough potential of fisheries resources for aquaculture, one of which is in Lamongan Regency. Lamongan Regency is a center of aquaculture with a pond rice field area of 23,774.73 Ha which is spread in the middle area and the main product and its mainstay is milkfish. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of milkfish fish farming in ponds in the village of Deket Wetan, Deket District, Lamongan Regency. The method used in this study is a quantitative method, and the sample collection was carried out using a purposive sample in one of the milkfish farmer farmer groups in a rice field named "Makin Makmur". The results showed that the R/C was 1.53, if the R/C> 1, then this business was profitable and feasible to be undertaken, the received BEP was Rp32,722,087, this meant that it had to be able to reach sales of Rp32,722,087 in order to reach the BEP and BEP production volume obtained 1,924 kg, it can be explained that it must be able to produce as much as 1,924 kg of milkfish to reach BEP.

The Effect of Mixing Top Soil Layer and Plow Pan Layer on Characteristics of Chemical Properties of Paddy Soil

The increasing of Indonesian population has led to a decrease in the area of rice fields in Indonesia. Therefore, it is needed to increase the fertility and the productivity of paddy soil. Since 1984, several attempts have been made to increase the productivity of paddy soils through the green revolution program, but this has had a negative effect on the fertility of paddy soils. The exploitation of paddy soil layers which has been increasing for years has decreased paddy soil. Other aspects of paddy soil management need to be done; one of them is a mixture of top soil layer with plow pan layer. The mixture of top soil layer with the plow pan layer is expected to improve the soil fertility. This research was conducted with the aim to study the effect of the top soil layer and plow pan layer on the chemical properties of paddy soil. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments of mixing paddy soil layers and three replications. The treatments were A1 = 100% top soil layer, A2 = 75% top soil layer + 25% plow pan layer, A3 = 50% top soil layer + 50% plow pan layer, A4 = 25% top soil layer + 75% plow pan layer, and A5 = 100% plow pan layer. The results showed that the A2 treatment gave changes in optimal soil chemical properties. The A2 treatment decreased E H value to 133 mV, increased pH to 6.08, organic-C 2.22%, total N 0.30%, available P 27.94%, CEC 38.50%, exchangeable Ca 0.88 me 100g -1 , exchangeable Mg 0.37%, exchangeable K 0.94% and exchangeable Na dd 0.17%.

ETHNOMATHEMATICS IN MEASURING RICE FIELD AREAS IN ONE OF THE AREAS IN INDRAMAYU

Ethnomathematics is important in learning mathematics. Ethnomathematics is a mathematical education that integrates cultural values in mathematics learning needs to initiate a real integration of cultural values. West Java Society is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has a variety of ethnomathematics, one of which is Indramayu. The Indramayu community generally has a livelihood as a farmer so that most of the Indramayu region is agricultural land, even rice fields can be found even though it is located in the center of Indramayu city. In this article, ethnomathematics is examined in the culture of measuring rice field area in Indramayu. This research method is ethnographic with two participants, a 59-years-old man and a 51-year-old woman from Indramayu. The results of this study are the existence of rice field formulas used by the Truwali Indramayu community.

The Development of Rice Field Area in Special Region of Yogyakarta

In general, the development of agricultural land usage change was illustrated through linear trend analysis without comparing it first with other trend analysis. As a consequence, it was assumed that the data will be in a straight line with a tendency for constant numbers over a period of time. However, the facts on the ground proved that the area of ??agricultural land converted into non-agricultural land was not always the same from year to year. The novelty of this research was to do a comparison between linear and non-linear trends to predict the development of rice fields, so that an accurate forecasting model was obtained. The aim of this research were: 1) knowing the development of rice fields area in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, 2) determining the appropriate forecasting model for the development of rice fields area in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and 3) forecasting the area of ??rice fields in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data that used came from BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) from 1996 to 2017. The trend models being compared were linear trends, quadratic trends, and exponential trends. The results showed that the area of ??rice fields in the Special Region of Yogyakarta tended to decrease from year to year. The best forecasting model was an exponential trend. In 2017 to 2021, it was estimated that there will be a decrease in rice field area of ??221 hectares or 0.41 percent per year.

PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM PENERAPAN MINAPADI DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

<p>This researchaims to examine the participation of farmers in the application of minapadi in Sleman Regency; examine the effect of non-formal education, experience, household income, paddy field area, group dynamics, and farming environment on farmer participation in the implementation of minapadi in Sleman Regency; and examine whether there are differences in farmer participation based on the farming environment in the application of minapadi in Sleman Regency. This research uses quantitative methods with survey techniques. The population in this study were farmers in the fish farmers group who received the Minapadi package program from the Agriculture, Food and Fisheries Service of Sleman Regency in Pakem District and Seyegan District. Samples using the Census method with 67 respondents as samples. Data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results of the study showed that the participation of farmers in the application of minapadi in Sleman Regency was in the moderate category. Participation factors simultaneously had a significant effect on farmer participation in the implementation of minapadi in Sleman Regency. Participation factors partially have a significant effect on farmer participation in the application of labor in the form of non-formal education, household income, and group dynamics while those that have no significant effect are experience, rice field area, and farming environment. There is no difference in farmer participation in implementing minapadi in Sleman Regency between upstream and downstream areas.</p>

Tingkat Pengetahuan Sikap Dan Tindakan Petani Tentang Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri Di Subak Cepik Kabupaten Tabanan Tahun 2019

Abstract : Farmers are the largest working group in Indonesia. The level of farmers' exposure to the use of pesticides is highly dependent on how knowledge is used in using pesticides. Tabanan Regency is one of the districts in Bali. The area of paddy in Tabanan Regency reaches 22,453 hectares which is the widest rice field area and at the same time as a rice barn in Bali Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of farmers in the use of personal protective equipment. The method used is descriptive, primary data obtained through interviews and direct observation using questionnaires and secondary data obtained from the village head in the form of population data. The results of the study revealed that 18 respondents (29%) had sufficient knowledge and 45 respondents (71%) had good knowledge. As many as 2 respondents (3%) who had less attitudes, 36 respondents (57%) who had enough attitudes, and 25 respondents (40%) who had good attitudes. And as many as 57 respondents (90%) who have less action, 6 respondents (10%) who have enough action. Conclusion in this study farmers have good knowledge, but attitudes and actions to use personal protective equipment when direct contact with pesticides is still lacking.

Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Plant in Light Organic Fertilizer Media From Goat and Rabbit Dirty

Goat droppings and rabbit droppings are types of animal droppings that have not been maximally utilized. If treated with both types of impurities can produce liquid organic fertilizer that can be used in agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer from goat manure and rabbit manure on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). This research was carried out in the agricultural land in the rice field area of Purbolinggo District, East Lampung.The method used in this study was an experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) pattern of one factor, namely the type of liquid organic fertilizer from goat manure and rabbit feces three times. The data obtained were analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis. The best treatment for stem height growth is P1 (liquid fertilizer of 500 ml goat manure), with an average growth of 1.8 cm for one month. The best treatment for the number of leaves is P2 (500 ml rabbit manure liquid fertilizer), with an average growth of 4 leave.

Development of a paddy drought hazard forecasting system to cope with the impact of climate change

The relevance of climate extreme events, such as droughts, is well recognized as one of the impacts of climate change. The serious paddy droughts that occur during El Niño climate cycles has increased political awareness of the need to incorporate these in drought-forecasting and warning systems for effective drought management. In this study, we develop a paddy drought hazard forecasting system (PDFS) based on a web-based geographic information system (GIS). The Drought Hazard Index (DHI) was used to derive a deterministic forecast model, which is a simplified version of the probabilistic forecast model used in the previous version of this system. Based on the DHI, rice field areas in Indonesia were classified into four categories: low (1.0< DHI< 3.3), moderate (3.33 < DHI<6.66), high (6.66 <DHI< 10.9), and very high (10.9 < DHI< 16.0). Web-based PDFS is incorporated in the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). Predictions are available for the subsequent four months and are regularly updated every two months. The forecasts are made available for the regional areas of Indonesia at the provincial and district level.

Performance of high yielding varieties of rice in two planting season in the irrigated lowlands of South Kalimantan

Lowlands in South Kalimantan are only about 54,455 ha (9.9%) of the total rice field area of 549,988 ha, most of them are irrigated paddy field that has been planted twice. The average productivity of rice in South Kalimantan is still low, which is around 4.46 t/ha milled dry grain. Rice productivity can be increased by the use of new high yielding varieties. In paddy fields, the use of new high yielding varieties with 2 seasons plantations is expected to increase rice production in the 2017 year in South Kalimantan which produces 2.25 million tons of rice. To find out the adaptation and yield of high-yielding rice, a study has just been carried out in rice fields in South Kalimantan. The activity was carried out in the village of Harapan Masa, Tapin Selatan sub-district, South Kalimantan district during the two planting seasons: Rainy season 2015/2016 and dry season 2016. Rice planted in rainy season 2015/2016 are varieties of Inpari-9, Inpari-20, inpari-21, and inpari-31, while in the dry season 2016 are varieties of Inpari-9, Inpari-30, inpari-31 and inpari-33. The results of the study showed that the average yield in the rainy season was higher (7.05 t/ha) compared to the results in the dry season 6.47 t/ha). In the rainy season, the highest yield was obtained in the Inpari-31 variety (7.95 t/ha), while in the dry season the highest grain yield was obtained by the Inpari-30 variety (6.99 t/ha). Inpari-9 and Inpari-31 varieties which were planted in the rainy season yielded higher yields of 7.30 t/ha and 7.95 t/ha respectively compared to those planted in the dry season of 6.29 t/ha and 6.19 t / ha.

Weed diversity in two rice cropping systems in Indonesia

The objectives of this study was to find out weed diversity and weed dominance in two different rice cropping systems in Bandung, Sumedang and Tasikmalaya regency from November 2018 until February 2019. This research was conducted using the survey method with two rice planting systems, SRI and conventional systems. Five locations, were selected for each SRI and conventional system at similar altitude in each district. At each sample location, we carried out vegetation analysis five times for each area of rice field using the quadratic method. Weed sampling was done randomly by placing a 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrat at five locations for each district and each rice cropping system. Absolute and relative weed densities, frequencies and dominance of each weed type were recorded to compute sum dominance ratio (SDR), community coefficient (CC) and weed diversity (H). Destructive method was used to compute weed dominance. All above ground weed vegetations were harvested and separated by weed type and dried in an oven at 80°C for 48 h and their dry weight was recorded. The results showed that the dominant weeds on SRI were Cyperus difformis, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Ludwigia octovalvis, whereas in conventional rice cropping systems were Alternanthera philoxeroides and Pistia stratiotes. The species diversity index (H’) at SRI cropping systems in three research areas all belonged to medium category (H’<23), whereas at the conventional cropping system all research areas had low category of H’ <2. Community coefficient values at SRI and conventional cropping systems in three research areas were between 18.84 and 41.78 and belonged to the category of unacceptable, whereas the similarity of weed community between SRI and conventional cropping system in Sumedang was fair, Bandung was poor and Tasikmalaya regency was very poor.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIAL EFFORTS (UPAYA KHUSUS OR UPSUS) POLICY TO INCREASE RICE PRODUCTION IN SIDOARJO

Sidoarjo Regency is a fertile agricultural area as a food granary, maintaining advanced agriculture to be food self-sufficiency. However, the area of technical rice fields and rice production in Sidoarjo Regency from 2015 to 2017 had decreased. This is a challenge for sustainability to achieve food security. Thus, the formulation of the problem in this study was regarding the factors causing the ineffectiveness of Special Efforts (in Indonesian Upaya Khusus, abbreviated as UPSUS) for increasing rice production in Sidoarjo Regency. This study is a descriptive study that employed a qualitative approach. Thus, the data were collected through in-depth interviews technique on the informants from the Sidoarjo Regency Agriculture and Food Security Office and the Head of Farmer Association who came from Tarik, Jabon, Sedati, and Waru sub-districts. The data then were analyzed using an interactive analysis of Miles and Huberman. The results of this study explain that the factors that support the implementation of UPSUS policy in Sidoarjo Regency included the availability of agricultural officers/ extension officers in the field for UPSUS assistance, the carrying capacity of government both at village and sub-district level to UPSUS program, farmer’s association that had been formed well as one of the supporting factors, technical irrigation support in Sidoarjo, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure both in the form of assistance and in the form of supply such as seeds, agricultural machine, and pest poison.

Water level measurements at the cikupa pandeglang bantendam using fuzzy sugenowith microcontroler-based ultrasonik sensor

This cikupa dam is very useful so that irrigation in the fields is not too much, one of the officers’ negligence in the rainy season was forgetting to close the door of the dam which resulted in flooding in the area of rice fields. If a large flood occurs, this will result in the possibility of crop failure. Therefore, a tool was made in the form of a water level measurement tool using an ultrasonic sensor with Fuzzy Sugeno method.The existence of this logic is expected to increase the accuracy of water level measurements as the scope of research writing. The results obtained in this study are accurate water level measurement models. By the research of ultrasonic sensors using the Fuzzy Sugeno method, it is expected that the dam guard will get a warning sound to close the door of the dam. The conclusion obtained is that by using the Fuzzy Sugeno method the calculation of accuracy can be more maximal.

Using NDVI algorithm in Sentinel-2A imagery for rice productivity estimation (Case study: Compreng sub-district, Subang Regency, West Java)

Rice is the major staple food for nearly half of Indonesia’s population and has a considerable contribution to the global agricultural economy. As a rice granary with the highest rice productivity in Subang Regency, Compreng Sub-district plays an important role in food security. In 2017 Compreng Sub-district had 5,263 ha of rice harvested area with the productivity of 5.7 tons/ha. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to update information about the area and distribution of rice fields to estimate its productivity accurately. This study aims to explain the correlation between the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values and rice productivity and then to estimate the rice productivity in Compreng Sub-district, Subang Regency in 2017. The methods used were Sentinel-2A imagery with NDVI equation. The results indicated that a Linear R Correlation best described the correlation between the NDVI value and rice productivity and an R2 value of 0.88 was obtained. The estimated calculation of Compreng Sub-district productivity in 2017 is an average of 5.65 ton/ha and the results of data accuracy using Root Mean Square Error between rice productivity estimation with the data from Department of Agriculture in Compreng Sub-district is 0.63.