Area Of National Security Research Articles

Organizational preparation of central public administration bodies to manage the implementation of defense tasks Part III. Concept of tasks and organization of the organisational units of administrative offices of chief bodies of government administration for the management of the implementation of defence tasks

Such bodies as the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister and ministers in charge of departments of government administration, in order to exercise competencies in the field of defence, should have the ability to perform administrative functions to satisfy missions, goals and tasks in this matter assigned to them by the legislator. Their authority and duties in the defence field are closely related to their authority and duties in other areas of national security, so there is a need to arrange the organisational units set up for this purpose in such a way that their scope of action includes matters corresponding to the authority’s competence in the field of national security and defence, taken as a whole. Given the rank of the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister in Poland, and their competencies in the area of national security, urgent changes are required to adapt the organisational units of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister (KPRM), and above all the Government Centre for Security (RCB). The RCB needs to be transformed so that it is able to fulfil the role of a national security and defence headquarters under the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister. It would be an analytical-planning-coordination office, ensuring staff coordination of coherent, uninterrupted and continuous state activities in the field of state security and defence. Innovation in this respect would be accompanied by minor changes in the jurisdiction and structure of the organisational units comprising the KPRM. Following this, given the existing needs identified in the previous articles in this series, it seems necessary to make changes in ministries to implement a unified model of a national security organisational unit (e.g. Department for Security and Defence Affairs). In principle, these units should have similar missions and composition in all ministries, but some reasonable exceptions would occur in the Ministry of National Defence and the Ministry of the Interior and Administration. In others, there are and should be separate departments specific to those ministries (e.g. combating economic crime, international security policy, nature conservation, air protection and others).

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AT THE PRESENT STAGE: PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS

The article gives a general assessment of the state of national security of the Republic of Belarus at the present stage. A number of key threat-forming factors that have had a decisive impact on the state of protection of the interests of the individual, society and the state in various areas of national security are identified, key problematic issues are identified. In the conditions of high dynamics of the geopolitical situation, the emergence of new and transformation of existing risks and challenges, the necessity of updating and further improving the Concept of National Security of the Republic of Belarus is justified.

Design and characterization of a Muon tomography system for spent nuclear fuel monitoring

In recent years, monitoring of spent nuclear fuel inside dry cask storage has become an important area of national security. Muon tomography is a useful method for monitoring spent nuclear fuel because it uses high energy muons that penetrate deep into the target material and provides a 3-D structure of the inner materials.We designed a muon tomography system consisting of four 2-D position sensitive detector and characterized and optimized the system parameters. Each detector, measuring 200 × 200 cm2, consists of a plastic scintillator, wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers and, SiPMs. The reconstructed image is obtained by extracting the intersection of the incoming and outgoing muon tracks using a Point-of-Closest-Approach (PoCA) algorithm.The Geant4 simulation was used to evaluate the performance of the muon tomography system and to optimize the design parameters including the pixel size of the muon detector, the field of view (FOV), and the distance between detectors. Based on the optimized design parameters, the spent fuel assemblies were modeled and the line profile was analyzed to conduct a feasibility study. Line profile analysis confirmed that muon tomography system can monitor nuclear spent fuel in dry storage container.

Approaching the national security of the Republic of Moldova from the perspective of foreign and defense policy

The European Union is a stabilizing factor, important for the national security system that is why the Republic of Moldova is working to advance the European integration process. Accession to the European Union will strengthen the country’s security, with the Republic of Moldova becoming a beneficiary and a source of stability and security. In this regard a special place in the security context is also Moldova’s participation in global, regional and subregional efforts to promote international stability and security through cooperation within the UN, the OSCE, as well as NATO. The defense is a fundamental and distinct area of national security, which is in a relationship of interdependence with the processes of state development. Since the proclamation of independence, the Republic of Moldova has undergone a comprehensive process of strengthening the institutional capacities of the national defense system, a process that continues so far. Generalizing, this scientific research is intended to identify, strengthen and combine the efforts of institutions with their powers in the implementation of security and defense policies, as well as to effectively coordinate their actions.

Rail transport as an element of the national defense security

One of the main areas of national security is defense security. Its provision requires many various activities of a political and military nature. An important role is played by the ability to move forces and resources at the army's disposal within the territory of the country and outside it by various modes of transport. From the perspective of current conditions, the expansion of transport networks of all modes of transportation is necessary to ensure the required conditions for the movement of people and the transport of armaments and military equipment, meet the living needs of the population and the possibility of its evacuation, support the Polish Armed Forces and allied forces in the event of a crisis or war. A modern railway network enables the development of the Polish economy and strengthens its link with the world economy. It is also an essential component of national security, the national defense system, and the territorially balanced development of the country. Modern transport infrastructure, modernized rolling stock, and integrated transport management systems reduce costs in the economy while lowering the pressure on the environment. Systematic improvement of transport infrastructure is one of the primary challenges for the nation's development, not only from the economic perspective but also plays a priority role concerning national defense security. The aim of the article is to identify the essence and importance of rail transport for ensuring national defense security. The research problem undertaken has been specified in the following form: To what extent does the development of rail transport affect the national defense security, and what actions should be taken to improve military mobility in rail transport? The material uses several research methods, the leading of which were: literature query, analysis, and synthesis, abstraction, and inference methods. The adopted approach made it possible to obtain a cross-sectional character of the considerations while providing the basis for further, extended research on this highly complex problem.

Implementation of a computer polygraph in the security and defense sector of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of issues related to reveal of the hidden and unreliable information using computer polygraph in the security and defense sector of Ukraine. The article covers challenges of methodical support of this activity. The author describes modern tendencies and directions of computer polygraph application. According to the analysis of the US positive practice the improvement actions for the methodological support of personnel management, forensic and anticorruption expertise in the area of national security and defense of Ukraine was suggested. The introduction of a computer polygraph would foster change in the existing contradictions between outdated approaches and the new technologies and systematically shift to work with innovative techniques, technologies and tools that are effectively used in NATO based on the analysis of the positive US experience in detecting hidden and unreliable information. In particular, topical issues for the introduction of a computer polygraph are the rationale and selection of the methods, standards and tools (polygraph, special software, common terminology) that correspond to the legal, informational and technical requirements. The employment of a computer polygraph in accordance with international standards would contribute to effective accomplishment of the following main tasks (as defined by the activities of the Security Service of Ukraine (SSU)): conducting psychophysiological control over the staff, personnel management; appointment and conduct of forensic expertise and expert research; countering terrorism; prevention and detection of corruption offenses in the public activity, anti-corruption expertise; development of a series of military standards to standardize both the terminological apparatus of the polygraph sphere and the development and implementation of so-called operational standards into the components of the security and defense sector. The main of the standards purposes would be the description and standardization of procedures and methods in this area. In particular, the use of a computer polygraph will increase the effectiveness of the main tasks implementation in the SSU to identify the causes, preconditions and circumstances of crimes and offenses, as well as the introduction of preventive measures for committing socially dangerous and/or criminal deeds. The current aspect, dictated by the use of the computer polygraph, is the fight against sabotage and terrorist acts at military facilities, the fight against hostile sabotage and reconnaissance groups on the territory of Ukraine.

Competences of the President of the Republic of Poland in the area of national security

In this article the authors analyze the constitutional provisions and regulations contained in specific laws related to the competences of the President in the field of national security. The aim of the article is to show what real influence the President of the Republic of Poland has on the Polish army and national security. The President performs his duties in the field of authority over the armed forces through the Chief of National Defence.

НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ МУЛЬТИПЛЕКСИВНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ПОДАТКІВ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

Increased interest in balancing environmental, energy and economic policy issues leads to the actualization of the search for comprehensive instruments of state influence. The intersectoral nature of environmental taxation shows a significant potential for its impact on the simultaneous provision of various areas of national security. The existence of multiplexed transmission links between the individual components of national security necessitated the development of a scientific and methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the impact of environmental taxes on national security in the context of building an optimal system of environmental taxation. The research is built as a sequence of interrelated stages. The selection of environmental taxes that have the potential to have multiplex effects on national security was determined using the Granger causality test. The components of national security that depend on the impact of environmental taxes are defined as environmental, energy and economic security. Transmission multiplexes that arise between individual components of national security are taken into account by aggregating them into an integral index according to the Kolmogorov-Gabor method. To determine the impact of individual environmental taxes and their combinations on national security, multiple linear and nonlinear ridge regression equations are constructed. The maximum level of national security that can be achieved as a result of environmental taxation is determined using a multi-parameter optimization model. Solving the optimization model allows determining the optimal structure of environmental taxes in the country. Determining the integrated levels of environmental, energy and economic security that correspond to the optimal level of national security achieved as a result of environmental taxation should be done through spectral analysis, which will take into account the links between the components of national security. The proposed approach creates a sound methodological basis for determining the directions of development of environmental taxes in order to achieve global and national public policy goals.

Імплементація людиноорієнтованого підходу в систему забезпечення економічної безпеки країни

The main characteristics of the human-centered approach in the field of economic security are identified, that become especially relevant in the era of the fourth scientific revolution and the new economy, which must be taken into account when implementing in public policy. Basic views on understanding security in accordance with a human-centered approach. It is substantiated that the security element that characterizes "freedom from need" is identified with the economic security of a country that has a focus on people. Such security has been shown to be inherently associated with "freedom of choice" or development opportunities, values, and the protection of a vital core. The main provisions of the New Economic Theory, which are complementary to the human-oriented approach to economic security of the country, are indicated. The qualification of the implemented strategies in the main areas of national security of Ukraine had done. The necessity of finding the intersection of the paradigm of economic security and development of human capital, inclusive economic development is underlined.

Blockchain technology and national security - the ability to implement a blockchain in the area of national security

The article undertakes an analysis of the potential of using blockchain technology to strengthen the security of the state, which is guaranteed by a strong and efficient army. As part of his own studies, the author first characterizes the solutions that were first implemented in 2008 with the creation of Bitcoin. Blockchain technology, described as the most important achievement of humanity since the creation of the internet. It is increasingly used in areas such as payment management, digitization, and contract storage, or in the private sector, where data security plays a key role. Available reports and studies indicate that the United States, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China are intensively working on the implementation of technology in the functioning of their armies. In turn, countries such as South Korea or India began pilot programs in 2019, which will eventually lead to the implementation of blockchain technology in their armies. Hence, the question arises, what military application blockchain technology has or may have in the foreseeable future, and how its use by armies can contribute to improving the security of the state? In the study presented, the following three areas of potential application have been distinguished: security in cyberspace, supply chain management, and more effective and reliable communication.

LOGISTICS AND NATIONAL SECURITY

In article are presented role and meaning of the logistics in national security system and national security system within their sub-systems. In addition, the characteristics of the national security system was made and its functional subsystems. Proposed new look for logistics in the area of national security. Also shows a simplified model of logistics on national security. Keywords: logistics, national security system, modelling.

GENERAL THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING MILITARY POLICE FOR PROVIDING LEGITIMACY IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to point out particularities, drawbacks, as well as give propositions as to efficient reforming Military service of Justice into Military police grounding on the analysis of laws in force, legal literature and international experience. Methods of research: the methodological base of research is the following general and special methods of perception – dialectical method of scientific learning of reality, analysis, synthesis, systematic structural method, as well as comparative legal and formal logical methods. Results: as a result of scientific search the international practice of forming military police has been studied, as well as the possibilities of its using in Ukraine, also the directions of improvement of normative and legal provision of military police’s activity have been determined. Discussion: national and state security is provided by the system of state bodies which activity is meant to protect social and state system (constitutional order), state independence (state sovereignty), territorial integrity (untouchability of the borders), military (defensive), economical, scientific and technical potential. Supporting national security is one of the main functions of a society and state. Constituent elements of national security is also a social security, legal order and more narrow branches of social relations in the area of national security, such as: safety of labour, safety of traffic, aviation safety, informational safety, safety of food, regional safety etc. as well as main directions of state policy in the sphere of state security defined by the Law of Ukraine «About National Security of Ukraine». Ukraine’s Constitution, article 17, proclaims that providing state security and defense of a state border relies on the corresponding legal bodies, also on the military force which organization and order of activity are specified by law.

Police simulation systems in the education process of traffic police officers

Technologies supporting the process of educating police personnel have become an indispensable element of the infrastructure of police schools. The primary source of financing for the technologies built is the National Center for Research and Development. In consultation with the Minister of National Defense and the minister competent for internal affairs, the institution carries out activities related to research for the benefit of state security and defense. In competitions for specifically defined research topics, projects that promise the most considerable real increase in national security are financed. The programs and projects being implemented aim not only to increase the Polish scientific and industrial entities’ potential but also to strive for technological independence by creating Polish “know-how” in critical technologies in the area of national security and defense. The article presents technologies supporting the training process of traffic officers developed by Polish scientific and industrial consortia. The first presented trainer is Simulator Supporting the Training of Police Officers in the Implementation of Activities at the Scene of a Road Accident (project no. DOB-BIO9/06/01/2018). On the other hand, the second training solution presented in the article is the Emergency Vehicle Driving Simulator During Typical and Extreme Operations (project no. OROB 001101/ID/11/1). The mentioned projects were co-financed by the National Center for Research and Development as part of a competition for the implementation and financing projects in the field of scientific research or development work for the national defense and security.

Risks and Vulnerabilities in Digital Public Services. Threat of Cyberterrorism Vs Romania’s Cybersecurity Strategy

Abstract The digitization of the administration and the governance process implies a number of advantages that we cannot ignore, but these advantages are supported by a series of disadvantages and unforeseen situations, but by far the biggest threat is Cyberterrorism. Romania aims both to encourage the indigenous information environment and the services specific to the information society, but also to ensure the fulfilment of the objectives assumed in the area of national security and to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens. Currently anyone can be the target of a cyber-attack, and the most important state institutions are usually the first ones targeted. The weak point remains the human factor, the user of the computer system. That is why in any strategy of “Cybersecurity” its awareness and training from the point of view of computer security plays a vital role. The fact that so far, no attacks have been reported with major impact on public institutions, strategic companies with state and / or private capital or critical infrastructure elements, denotes that the strategy adopted by Romania is a viable one, but must be constantly updated in depending on the dynamics of the threats.

National Security — Essence, System, Research

Internal security is today an intensively explored area of national security. This is hardly surprising. It is this area that is mainly concerned with emerging threats. Hence, new scientifically justified solutions are being sought to counteract them and minimise the effects of their occurrence. Given the above, the research has been conducted, and its results are presented in this paper. It addresses the main problems relating to internal security through the prism of identification criteria, essence, and systemic approach. That has made it possible to present the assumptions of the project in question. The research aimed to diagnose the functioning of the state’s internal security system, and the participation of academic centres dealing with security issues. One of such centres is the Police Academy, which is implementing a project entitled “Vacuum chamber for revealing fingerprints with organic compounds in the gas phase’, No DOB-BIO9/03/01/2018. It was financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under call for proposals No 9/2018 for the execution and financing of projects in the field of scientific research or development work for the benefit of national defence and security. After they were implemented, it was stated that the constant changes in the internal security environment, and the limited potential of state institutions designated to care for this security entail the need to continually search for practical solutions to ensure the undisturbed existence and development opportunities of each entity. These searches are conducted by scientific institutions, which with their knowledge and experience serve to improve the tools used in the practice of institutions responsible for internal security.

Institutional and Strategic Aspects State Policy in the Field of the Russian Federation National Security

The sphere of ensuring national security is an important object of state policy. When managing this sphere, strategic and tactical levels are distinguished, each of which has its own institutional consolidation. In addition, functional areas of national security, such as nuclear and radiation safety, can be distinguished. The article analyzes the texts of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the Fundamentals of State Policy in the Field of Nuclear and Radiation Safety of the Russian Federation from the perspective of analyzing the potential of the strategic regulatory impact of these documents. The inconsistency of their texts, the lack of complexity in regulating the institutional framework for the implementation of state policy in the field of national security is noted. It is also shown that there is no correlation between these important documents of strategic management. The study allowed the authors to conclude that strategic documents in the field of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation require its processing and adjustment.

Reviewing Bill C-59, An Act Respecting National Security Matters 2017: What’s new, what’s out, and what’s different from Bill C-51, A National Security Act 2015?

In 2015, Canada’s national security law landscape received some long-overdue attention in the form of Bill C-51, the Anti-Terrorism Act 2015. It was the culmination of a series of smaller initiatives that had given attention to national security law in Canada, but also a direct response to two terrorist attacks that left two Canadians dead in October 2014. Bill C-51 did indeed reinvigorate discussions around national security law in Canada, but in so doing it became a lightning rod for criticism. Bill C-59, An Act Respecting National Security Matters 2017 was not passed until June 2019, but it was nevertheless a direct response to Bill C-51 and the criticisms it faced. Yet for the most part, Bill C-59 amended but did not repeal the important new powers found in Bill C-51, even the most controversial powers; instead, Bill C-59 can be seen, in part, as a technical-legal Bill that largely entrenched the powers first conceived of in Bill C-51 by putting them on firmer legal (constitutional) footing. But Bill C-59 was also much more than a series of legal/constitutional improvements: its legislative scope went much further afield from the Bill C-51 regime, amending the authorities of agencies—like the Communications Security Establishment—that had been untouched by Bill C-51, while also greatly expanding national security oversight and review through the creation of important new bodies. The purpose of this paper is to compare these two important pieces of national security legislation with a view to explaining what these legislation reforms did, why the reforms were undertaken, and to identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of the most controversial of the reforms under each Bill. The idea is to offer an overview and comparison of these important national security legislative initiatives and, in so doing, explain where Canada stands today, in the wake of this massive legislative overhaul. But by identifying what has already been addressed, this also allows us to identify next-steps and, in particular, where should be the focus of future legislative reforms in the area of national security. Three recommendations then flow from this conclusion: first, national security legislation must be reformed with greater consistency than has happened in the past; second, as an immediate matter of priority, Canada must address its “intelligence-to-evidence” problem, that is the system by which it converts—or fails to convert—raw intelligence into the sort of evidence usable by courts of law; and third, enforcement of Canada’s national security laws must now take priority, in particular by prosecuting returning foreign fighters and far right extremists where their activities meet the threshold of a terrorism offence, as well as terrorist financing to a greater degree than Canada has seen to date.

Law on national security: institution, branch, legal regime?

 The subject of this article is the ontological status of the body of legal norms regulating social relations in the area of national security, set in the international legal acts, acts of strategic planning, federal and regional laws and bylaws of different levels. The author carries out a methodological analysis of scientific publications in the field of the general theory of law, scrutinizes the methodological categories of “legal Institution”, “branch of law”, “legal regime”, uses systematic interpretation, as well as applies formal-legal and logical analysis of the provisions of normative legal acts that regulate social relations in the area of national security. The author determines a vast number of normative legal acts related to national security. The analysis of scientific literature allowed revealing the problematic status of norms contained in the aforementioned acts, along with the idea of scholars that they comprise the institution or branch of law. An opinion is advanced that this discussion is substantiated by seeking grounds for systematization of the body of legal norms that regulate social relations in the area of national security. The conclusion is made on the objective difficulties of such systematization. It is underlined that substantiation of systematicity of legal norms depends on subjective and objective criteria; although currently, the body of norms on national security does not comply with any of them. Two author suggests two solutions to alleviate the urgency of the problem: pluralistic approach, and reference to the category of “legal regime”. Considering the dualistic static-dynamic interpretation, the methodological advantages of the latter are justified. 

A Political Economy of Global Security Approach

AbstractStates have historically monopolized the provision of security for their societies. However, recent changes in the global economy combined with new sources of security and insecurity pose new and accelerating challenges that simultaneously hinder and bolster the ability of states to mobilize and extract resources for security provision. In contrast to a traditional political economy of security approach that emphasizes economic inputs shaping state power and economic tools states can use to project power vis-à-vis other states, the approach advanced in this forum stresses both domestic and transnational economic actors and market processes that affect security outcomes in both traditional security spaces and new security domains. The contributions to this forum exemplify the breadth of a political economy of global security approach while revisiting traditional areas of national security and newer security spaces and the application of the approach to both historical and contemporary phenomena.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ МОДЕЛІ СИСТЕМИ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ СИЛ ОБОРОНИ

У статті розглянуто основі комунікативні функції системи стратегічних комунікацій Сил оборони. Наведено характеристики елементів когнітивного інформаційного простору та детерміновані чинники, які впливають на діяльності органів управління Сил оборони. Проаналізовано і узагальнено сучасні умови функціонування системи стратегічних комунікацій в контексті їх трансформації, а також виявлено ряд факторів, що створюють перешкоди на шляху створення нових комунікативних можливостей. На основі аналізу сучасних теоретико-методологічних концепцій управлінської діяльності органів військового управління досліджено питання взаємодії між можливими елементами системи стратегічних комунікацій Сил оборони. Виявлено вплив основних детермінантів, які впливають на ефективність функціонування системи стратегічних комунікацій Сил оборони. На відміну від існуючих підходів наведені складові комунікативної моделі системи стратегічних комунікацій Сил оборони відображає об’єктивну реальність процесів, які обумовлюють взаємозв’язок між можливими функціями та умовами. Комунікативні системи в сферах національної безпеки відіграють когерентну роль, яка за своїм змістом відображає вертикальні та горизонтальні взаємозв’язки системи безпеки та оборони України. Тому виникає необхідність проведення детального опису функцій систем, які задіяні для виявлення психологічного впливу на цільові аудиторії та системи, що відповідають за проведення випереджувальних заходів. Наведений опис елементів комунікативної моделі системи стратегічних комунікацій Сил оборони дозволяє реалізувати модель, яка визначає сутність комунікативних можливостей системи стратегічних комунікацій Сил оборони в інтересах реалізації протидії деструктивному психологічному впливу. Особливу увагу приділено здатності об’єктивно прогнозувати можливі наслідки та адекватно реагувати (протидіяти) на негативні процеси. Запропонований методичний підхід має універсальний характер, а тому може бути застосований при розробці аналогічних методичних засобів не лише стосовно воєнної сфери, але і до усієї соціальної системи держави або її окремих секторів в інтересах забезпечення внутрішньополітичної стабільності.