Landfill Area Research Articles

Evaluasi Kelayakan Berdasarkan Aspek Geologi Lingkungan Untuk Penentuan TPA Kota Palangka Raya

Regional feasibility analysis of landfill locations based on the environmental geology point is the initial selection in the planning of landfill sites. This research aims to assess the regional feasibility zones for landfill site in Palangka Raya city based on the environmental aspects. Observational examination and spatial analysis using geographic information system (GIS) were applied to ascertain the determination and limitation factors. The result shows that Palangka Raya could be categorized into 3 (three) zones in terms of its feasibility for the landfill area. Unsuitable zone covering an area of 165,936.69 hectares or 58.12% of total area, followed by a moderately suitable zone of 782.25 hectares (32.85%), and least suitable zone of 25,788.88 hectares (9.03%). The infeasible ones are located in districts of Sebangau and Pahandut, and some parts of Jekan Raya.

Landfill area estimation based on solid waste collection prediction using ANN model and final waste disposal options

Public health of inhabitants has been affected by the increase of unsound waste management in the cities of developing countries. Solid waste management has received extensive attention from the municipalities. A sustainable plan and design of solid waste management system of a city necessitate accurate forecasting of the solid waste generated and collected by the city authorities in the landfill for final disposal and other renewable energy options. In the study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) surrogate model was used to predict solid waste collected from the year 2012–2016 at Matuail landfill site of Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC). 120 monthly solid waste quantity and vehicle trip number getting from weighbridge were used as inputs data into the model. 70% of the data used for the model training, 15% of the data used for validation and 15% of that used for testing. The remaining 60 monthly waste quantities are used as output to develop the model. Feed-forward back propagation neural network was used with the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid activation function and the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization method. The model with 2-5-1-1 topology is selected as the best topology based on the performance metrics i.e., the minimum value of MSE and high value of regression. The ANN based solid waste forecasting model performed to be promising using the available weighbridge data with the coefficient of determination (R2) for training and testing 0.85 and 0.86. The developed model can be alternatively used successfully with weight bridge software in the landfill to efficiently forecast solid waste collection, particularly that in the countries with a similar demographic and social environment. Considering other proposed alternative disposal options and waste characterization the required landfill area are estimated and found that the landfill authority can save the valuable urban landfill area requirement up to 28.6%. The result shows that the innovative proposed method of landfill area estimation by ANN and final disposal methods can be used alternatively that helps for better planning and management of the landfill site.

2DNEMM: a numerical environmental multimedia modeling method for landfill case study

This paper presents a two-dimensional numerical multimedia modeling method (2DNEMM) which is developed to evaluate the fate and behavior of pollutant in a contaminated site with complex multimedia conditions. Using alternating direction implicit method, the developed 2DNEMM including source, unsaturated and groundwater modules can estimate spatially and temporally resolved contaminant concentrations in all media. The present model is applied to a landfill site in Canada and validated against monitoring data for chromium (Cr) concentrations. Furthermore, Morris screening method is used to examine the sensitivities of input parameters. Vertical hydraulic conductivity and longitudinal hydraulic conductivity are identified as the most sensitive parameters in source and groundwater zones, respectively. This study also investigates the effect of spatial heterogeneity through a spatial uncertainty analysis of model parameters. Based on the case study, the possible distribution and probabilistic risks of Cr contaminant in the landfill area are further assessed. The 2DNEMM approach can not only address the fate and transport of contaminant in complicated multimedia environments but also serve as a risk assessment tool to provide better spatial and temporal exposure risk assessment.

Callus response of hybrid and Madura local corn to salt stress

Salinity (salty and acidity) is one of important abiotic stresses, which can decrease corn production. In Indonesia, corn is one of important cereal crop beside rice. Madura is an island that known as widest area of maize landfill in East Java but has lowest productivity. Madura local corns (var. Manding, Duko and Elos) and hybrid corn (var. Sukmaraga) known as salt tolerance. This research objectives was to compare response of those callus to salt stress. Callus responses to salt stress, can indicate to their resistance to salinity. The young corn stalks were induced to be callus by MS+2,4D 4mg/L, then cultivated to media MS+NaCl (0, 100, 200 mM) for 30 days. The parameters were morphology (colour and texture), survived and proline content. Proline content was measured by nynhidrin methods. The results showed that salt stress change callus colour (from white to creamy white and brown) and texture (from friable to compact and intermediate). Duko and Elos survived more than 90%, but Manding and Sukmaraga survived less than 15%. Salt treatment increased proline content of all callus. Madura local corn had better tolerance to salt stress than hybrid.

Enviromental Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in North of Iraq

solid wastage yielding in a landfill badly influenced the encompassing condition and people habitat nearer to landfill destinations. Landfill is the most established and the most widely recognized type of evacuation and transfer of waste, comprising the last discarding technique for solid waste in the city. It is outstanding that the effect of MSW landfills leads to contamination of every single natural segment. The negative natural effect of landfills diminished by employing preservation advancements and proper sold waste administration techniques. The nowadays investigation attempted observing of the city wastage landfill effect on the circumference. The spatial attributes of the region affected by the waste dumping and the conceivable effect of leachate utilizing phytotoxicity tests were done. The landfill is built, with base liner and leachate and landfill gas gathering and remedy and curing framework. The transition of leachate and gas from the corpus of landfill into the encompassing condition present a genuine natural concern, which mingle to groundwater squalor, air contamination with sway on atmosphere through methane outflow and potential wellbeing risks. This paper shows an influenced of solid waste land fill in environment. Populaces, particularly those living nearer to the landfill area contamination sources are in danger of both short and long haul impacts of natural, physical and chemical contaminants, including water and food borne sicknesses, substantial metals poisonings and other possibly dangerous components and mixes present noticeable all around, water, soil, particularly in north of Iraq. By and large, there is absence of vital strategies, guidelines and rules in all divisions and at all levels in connection to sheltered and ecological neighborly tasks in agribusiness, industry, vitality, and open administrations.

Materials Flow Analysis as a Tool to Improve Solid Waste Management: A Case of Ankara

The progress of recent civilisation and the associated growth in population worldwide has contributed considerably to the increase in the quantity of waste produced. The ever-increasing consumption of resources has resulted in high amounts of solid waste from domestic activities, which can pose significant threats to the environment and human health. Waste management and recycling activities have a complex and multifaceted mechanism that requires comprehensive and integrated approaches. In this study, the current status of municipal solid waste management in Ankara was identified and waste streams were investigated by using Materials Flow Analysis (Stan 2 software). It was aimed to analyse material flows by visualising the waste management system of Ankara. This study resulted that approximately 1.6 million tonnes of solid waste is collected per year (4500 tonnes per day) in the province. Almost 470 thousand tonnes of it is being used for methane production and more than 400 thousand tonnes of compost is being produced each year. The result of the model also points out that 286 thousand tonnes get accumulated in landfills each year. This reveals the possible requirement for a capacity investment of Mamak Landfill Area, which is already on the agenda of city authorities.

Solid waste management and methane generation in Kota City

Solid waste management is a challenge both at the global level and the local level. Solid wastes must be properly managed by determining that they are hazardous wastes. Methane is the major greenhouse gas, which emit from landfill areas and contribute significantly to global warming. Moreover, that the global warming potential of methane is 21 times higher than that of carbon dioxide and it has highest generation (60%) than other gases. The composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries has higher (40%-60%) organic waste. This would have potential to emit higher GHG's from per ton of MSW compared to developed world. Beside that landfill areas in India are not planned. This leads to uncontrolled emission of trace gases, foul smell, bird menace, ground and surface water pollution, etc. In the present paper, we had quantified the methane emission from the MSW landfill areas of Kota City.

Solid waste management and methane generation in Kota City

Solid waste management is a challenge both at the global level and the local level. Solid wastes must be properly managed by determining that they are hazardous wastes. Methane is the major greenhouse gas, which emit from landfill areas and contribute significantly to global warming. Moreover, that the global warming potential of methane is 21 times higher than that of carbon dioxide and it has highest generation (60%) than other gases. The composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries has higher (40%-60%) organic waste. This would have potential to emit higher GHG's from per ton of MSW compared to developed world. Beside that landfill areas in India are not planned. This leads to uncontrolled emission of trace gases, foul smell, bird menace, ground and surface water pollution, etc. In the present paper, we had quantified the methane emission from the MSW landfill areas of Kota City.

The Regulations Concept of Alak Landfill and Surrounding Areas of Kupang City

The article describes the spatial concept that can be used for regulations of Alak landfill's surrounding areas. The Alak landfill sub-district was built in 1997. Landfill operations started in 1998, with the main dumping facilities having an area of 9.14 Ha in Kupang City. In 2018, Alak landfill produced 100 tons of waste, increasing during rainy seasons, and impacting the surrounding environmental areas. To plan for this increase, a planning concept was needed based on the Alak Landfill’s existing use as a controlled landfill. Based on observations of the potential impact to surrounding areas of Alak landfill, focus was identified as mobilization of labor operations, waste treatment, dump trucks, and leachate treatment facilities. The negative impacts of this plan are mostly interrelated with leachate, dust, scattered waste, and health precautions in the slums in the surrounding areas. Considering the existing site, we used SWOT for analysis strategies, and focused on reducing the negative impact to surrounding areas. Our method results are a spatial concept for the surrounding area of the landfill, and allow use of the buffer zone and limited cultivation zone as the stipulated strategies for the Alak landfill reserved area. Peraturan Menteri No. 19.PRT/M/2012 tentang Penataan Ruang Kawasan Sekitar TPA sampah is the law about land use for the surrounding areas, along with the buffer zone and limited cultivation zone. Using the abovementioned strategies, the results can be used to improve the effectiveness of solutions, and reduce the negative impact to Alak landfill's surrounding areas.

МОНІТОРИНГОВА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ВОД У РАЙОНАХ ЗАХОРОНЕННЯ ТВЕРДИХ ПОБУТОВИХ ВІДХОДІВ

The monitoring ecological hydro-geochemical investigations for the surface waters of the north-western part of Landfill No 5 for the municipal solid waste disposal and the adjacent area are carried out. Based on analyses of surface water samples taken from the existing ponds, it was found that they are polluted by wastewater with the high content of predominantly organic toxicants. Most likely the latter comes from both the Sections and ponds-collectors of leachate or from the pig farm, which is located near the Landfill but hypsometrically higher in relief. More studies are required in order to specify the answer. On the other hand, surface waters beyond the Landfill area are characterized by the ecological and hydrogeochemical indicators, which are not higher than the maximum allowable concentrations, although they are higher than the background ones. This indicates that the considerable outflow of chemical pollutants together with the surface waters from the north-western Landfill No 5 area beyond its borders is absent for more than a year. Only the short-time periodic monitoring of the water bodies within the territory of interest would allow to determine such time intervals when water could be polluted by various toxicants.

Implementation of OccupationalHealthand Safety in Sanitary Landfill work using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method

Sanitary Landfill System is a waste management system that paid attention to environmental sanitation aspects. The process of spreading and compaction of waste in the landfill area and closing the waste cells is carried out every day. The increasing rate of population growth resulted in an increase in various activities and interests of people. Because of the increased work at the landfills, so, Work safety management is very needed In the implementation and constraints that will arise. The factors that cause the Implementation and Constraints in this waste processing consist of 2 criteria and 7 sub-criteria. This research used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to get the factors in the implementation and Constraints in carrying out work safety management. The assessment was carried out by 9 experts who have competence in the field of health and work safety, especially in the field of waste. The most dominant factor in the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) with the sub-criteria for OHS Education was 44.78%, and the Constraints for OHS with the sub-criteria for poor work culture in the field was 53.73%.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THE FLUID DISCHARGE IN THE SEWAGE SYSTEM, OBTAINED BY MEANS OF THE SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE DEHYDRATION IN THE PROCESS OF THE LOADING INTO THE DUST-CART

In recent years the total area of the solid household waste landfills and sites has considerably increased, this threatens with the pollution of the environment with the harmful substances, including high toxic filtrate. The aim of the research is the substantiation by means of the regressive analysis of the possibility of the discharge in the sewage system the fluid, obtained by means of dehydration of the solid household waste during the loading in the dust-cart, that is actual scientific-engineering problem. The adequate regressive exponential dependence of the percentage ratio of the fluid, discharged from the solid household waste to actual productivity of the waste treatment plants of the sewage system on the population of the city has been obtained . Graphic dependence of the percentage ratio of the fluid, removed from the solid household waste, on actual productivity of the sewage treatment facilities system on the population of the city, that enables to illustrate the given dependence and show the sufficient convergence of the theoretical results with actual results. It is determined that in the cities with the population of at least 200 thousand people, there is a possibility to discharge in the sewage system the fluid, obtained as a result of solid household waste dehydration during the loading in the dust-cart as the percentage ratio of the fluid, removed from the solid household waste to actual productivity of the sewage treatment facilities does not exceed the scientifically grounded value of 0,2%. For the cities with the population of less than 200 thousand  people the dependence for the determination of the percentage volume of the possible safe dehydration of the solid household waste with the discharge of the fluid in the sewage system, that is one of the components for the solution of the problem of the creation scientific-engineering fundamentals for  the design of high efficient working organs of the mechanisms, intended  for the primary processing of solid household waste is suggested.

WORLD TRENDS OF THE REDUCTION OF THE MUNICIPAL WASTE LANDFILLS NUMBER ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE USA

Over the last years the total area of the municipal solid waste landfills and waste dumping grounds has considerably increased, many of  these landfills and waste dumping grounds  are overloaded, as a result norms of ecological safety are violated and the landfills become the objects of the intensive ecological loading that may lead to the contamination of the environment with harmful substances: heavy metals, microorganisms (colibacilli, streptococci, staphylococci and ascarids), toxic filtrate, landfill gas, etc. The urgent scientific-engineering problem is the determination of the regressive dependences, which describe the dynamics of the number of municipal waste landfills decrease. The aim of the research is the determination of the regressive dependences, which describe the dynamics of the number of the municipal waste landfills decrease. In the process of the research the method of the regressive analysis of the result of the single factor experiments and other pair dependences with the selection of the best type of the function from the sixteen most widely spread variants by the criterion of the maximum value of the correlation factor was used. The regression was performed on the base of the linearized transforms, which enable to reduce the non-linear dependence to the linear one. Determination of the coefficients of the regression equations was carried out, applying the method of least squares, by means of the developed program "RegAnaliz", the program is protected by the certificate of the state registration of the rights to the copyright object. Adequate regression dependences, describing the dynamics of the number of municipal waste landfills decrease  are obtained, they can be used for the determination of the necessary number of the dust-carts for the collection and transport of the solid household waste and machines needed for the execution of the technological operations of the compaction on the map of the waste dumping ground. Graphic dependences, describing the dynamics of the number of the municipal waste landfills decrease and allow to illustrate this dynamics and show the sufficient coincidence of the theoretical results with the actual data are constructed.

Epoxy/Fly ash from Thermal Power Plant/Nanofiller Nanocomposite: Studies on Mechanical and Thermal Properties: A Review

A recent development in the field of eco-friendly, lightweight and high-performance nanocomposite and a broad range of their innovative applications attract enormous interest in the field of research. However, the search for lighter materials to replace legacy heavy materials in engineering structures especially in automobile and aerospace industries has made the study of tribological properties of epoxy resin based composites significant. Fly ash, from the thermal power plant, is an industrial by-product that can be utilized as filler in epoxy resin with different wt% owing to its distinctive properties like low density, wide availability, good filler factor, good thermal resistance, and glassy nature instead of dumping into the large area of landfills and ash ponds. This review article presents an expanded literature overview on the utilization of industrial waste fly ash, as reinforcement for matrix in making lightweight, high strength composites. In this investigation broaden literature groundwork also covers the effect of nanoparticles on thermal, morphological and mechanical characteristics such as impact strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of fly ash/epoxy nanocomposites.

Sustainable conversion of contaminated dredged river sediment into eco-friendly foamed concrete

Abstract Large quantities of contaminated river sediment is dredged continuously worldwide, which is generally dumped in landfill areas resulting in land occupation and soil-groundwater pollution. An innovative approach is demonstrated in this study to transform contaminated sediment into eco-friendly foamed concrete by adding cement, foam and silica fume without heating and pressure. With the foam percent rising from 0% to 80% (v/v), the compressive strength and dry density of foamed concrete decreased from 18.8 to 2.1 MPa and from 1442 to 620.6 kg m−3, respectively. Accordingly, the thermal conductivity declined from 0.516 to 0.173 W m−1·K−1, and water resistance coefficient decreased from 0.73 to 0.43. Dosage of 10% silica fume as substitution of part of cement exhibited a comprehensive optimization of the concrete properties because of its activity in the hydration reaction and pore-filling effect identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attached with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It also narrowed the pore size distribution and made the pore structure more uniform and denser detected by optical microscope. Heavy metals in the sediment can be immobilized by 81.5–98.1% for As, Cr, Cu and Zn, even in an acidic environment. This study provides new opportunities for hazardous dredged river sediment recycling, which is prospective because it not only consumes a large amount of sediment but also avoids depletion of resources and creates profits.

An integrative approach to identify the impacts of multiple metal contamination sources on the Eastern Andean foothills of the Ecuadorian Amazonia

Currently, several concerns have been raised over metal contamination in the upper Amazon basin. Rivers that flow from the high Andes to the lowland Amazon are threatened by anthropogenic activities, which may, in turn, lead to increased metal concentrations in both water and sediments. In the present study, the impacts of multiple metal contamination sources in these ecosystems were identified. The degree of metal contamination was assessed in water and sediment and seed phytotoxicity analyses were carried out in samples taken from 14 sites located in upper Napo River tributaries, combining geochemical and ecotoxicological techniques. These tributaries were chosen based on their degree of anthropogenic contamination and proximity to known sources of relevant pollution, such as small-scale gold mining (MI), urban pollution (UP), fish farming (FF) and non-functional municipal landfill areas (LF). Our results suggest that anthropogenic activities are introducing metals to the aquatic ecosystem, as some metals were up to 500 times above the maximum permissible limits for the preservation of aquatic life established by Ecuadorian and North American guidelines. Sites located close to small-scale gold mining and sanitary landfills presented 100 to 1000 times higher concentrations than sites classified as “few threats”. In water, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Hg were mostly above the maximum permissible limits in the samples, while Cd in sediment reached concentrations 5-fold above the probable effect level (PEL). Phytotoxicity was associated through the diffuse contamination present in urban and landfill areas. Overall, metal concentrations and phytotoxicity assessments suggest anthropogenic effects to environmental contamination, even though natural sources cannot be disregarded. Anthropogenic effects in the eastern Andean Rivers need to be constantly monitored in order to build a complete picture on how pollution sources may affect this strategic Amazon basin area.

Physiological Profiling and Functional Diversity of Groundwater Microbial Communities in a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Area

The disposal of municipal solid wastes in landfills represents a major threat for aquifer environments at the global scale. The aim of this study was to explore how groundwater geochemical characteristics can influence the microbial community functioning and the potential degradation patterns of selected organic substrates in response to different levels of landfill-induced alterations. Groundwaters collected from a landfill area were monitored by assessing major physical-chemical parameters and the microbiological contamination levels (total coliforms and fecal indicators—Colilert-18). The aquatic microbial community was further characterized by flow cytometry and Biolog EcoPlatesTM assay. Three groundwater conditions (i.e., pristine, mixed, and altered) were identified according to their distinct geochemical profiles. The altered groundwaters showed relatively higher values of organic matter concentration and total cell counts, along with the presence of fecal indicator bacteria, in comparison to samples from pristine and mixed conditions. The kinetic profiles of the Biolog substrate degradation showed that the microbial community thriving in altered conditions was relatively more efficient in metabolizing a larger number of organic substrates, including those with complex molecular structures. We concluded that the assessment of physiological profiling and functional diversity at the microbial community level could represent a supportive tool to understand the potential consequences of the organic contamination of impacted aquifers, thus complementing the current strategies for groundwater management.

Determination of nest occupation and breeding effect of the white stork by human-mediated landscape in Western Poland

Choosing an appropriate nest site is essential for successful breeding. Changes in land use cause populations of many species to decline although some species adapt to anthropogenic changes. The white stork Ciconia ciconia commonly uses artificial nest sites. Recently, white storks from Western Europe have been using landfills as feeding sites; the beginnings of this process are being observed in Central-Eastern Europe. The study aimed to determine factors influencing the probability of nest occupation and breeding effect in a Central-Eastern European population of white storks. We used long-term data from Western Poland on breeding effect, nest occupation, the structure supporting the nest, the proximity of the nearest landfills, landfill area, and land cover. The probability of nest occupation was significantly dependent on habitat quality (based on the share of the preferred type of land cover), the structure supporting the nest, and landfill proximity within a specific year. The breeding effect was influenced by habitat quality and nesting structure. We demonstrate that the type of nesting structure is an important factor influencing both the probability of nest reoccupation and breeding effect. However, the significance of landfills appears to be growing, and in recent years, storks prefer occupying nests closer to landfills, which may have significant consequences for the population of the white stork.

Monitoring of waters status on the area of the waste landfill – case study Piškornica

The remediation of the municipal waste landfill reduces the harmful effects of inadequately disposed waste in the environment and reduce the risks on human health. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the remediation (2005 to 2012) of waste landfill of Piškornica. Groundwater from piezometers (P2, P3, P4 and P5) at Piškornica and surface water from the Gliboki stream (upstream and downstream) were analyzed, before and after the remediation. The results of the analyzed parameters (KPK, BPK5, electroconductivity, iron) showed significant decrease in values (p <0.05) and up to 82% (BPK5 in P5) after remediation. The most significant decrease in the value of the indicators was determined in the P5, which is nearest and downstream from the landfill body. Significant difference (p <0.05) was not found at the upstream and downstream locations of the Gliboki stream basin before and after remediation. The numerical model of the groundwater flow shows that groundwater pollution will not occur even in the worst scenario (the largest possible pumping of 420 l/s) of the current capacity of the Ivanščak source. The results contributed to decisions on water management and further monitoring of water plans on landfill area.

Hydrogen Sulfide Exsposure Coverage for Residents’ Health Risk at Sukawinata Landfill

This study aims was to assess environmental health risk of hydrogen sulfide gases exposure for residents living around Sukawinatan Landfill. Methods: This study was descriptive research and used quantitative analysis method. The approach used was Environmental Health and Risk Assessment. Sample in this research was 100 respondents who were divided two radiuses, 300 meters and 600 meters away from the landfills, 50 respondents for each radius. Purposive Sampling was conducted to select respondents. Air sampling was conducted to assess hydrogen sulfide concentration around landfill. Data was collected through interview using questionnaires, weighing weight and assessment of hydrogen sulfide concentration used impinger. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and risk analysis. Result: The study found that the average of hydrogen sulfide concentration in radius 300 and 600 meters were 0, 0017 mg/m3 and 0, 0023 mg/m3 which were not exceed the threshold based on State Minister of The Environment decision Number 50 in 1996. Then, we still found that the residents remained at risk with RQ ≥ 1. The risk analysis resulted that there were 38% residents in 300 meters and 30% residents in 600 meter radius had RQ ≥ 1. Discussion and Conclusion: Though, the concentration of Hydrogen sulfide was still below the threshold but the residents living around Sukawinata landfill would be at risk to be exposed by Hydrogen sulfide which is dangerous for their health. Relocation of sukawinata landfill should be conducted since it is not eligible for landfill area anymore.