Development Of Industrial Areas Research Articles

Land Transformations in Irpinia (Southern Italy): A Tale on the Socio-Economic Dynamics Acting in a Marginal Area of the Mediterranean Europe

Marginal areas in economically advanced countries are a critical issue that European and national policies have been addressing for some time. These areas are affected by depopulation, infrastructural gaps and labor systems that do not reach the corresponding national levels and where often agriculture still plays a critical role. In Italy, despite the fact that the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI) has been active for about a decade with the aim of increasing the territorial cohesion of these fragile areas, rather limited results have been achieved in terms of halting economic marginalization and demographic decline. In this specific context, our work is aimed at analyzing land use changes, the loss of ecosystem services and demographic trends in a Mediterranean region (Irpinia—Southern Italy) on district and municipal scales in the last 30 years (1990–2018) to capture current, subtle socio-economic dynamics. The analysis carried out has indicated a substantial increase in urban areas due to the development of new industrial areas and discontinuous urban fabric (urban sprawl) at the expense of natural areas (mainly meadows and shrublands). The agricultural areas have remained substantially unchanged in terms of extension, with a slight increase in heterogeneous agricultural areas and an expansion of high-value crops (vineyards), that are the most suitable for multifunctional agriculture activities (experiential and rural tourism). The analysis of the demographic trend has highlighted a widespread phenomenon of depopulation, with the exception of those municipalities who economically orbit around the provincial capital of Avellino. The municipalities in depopulation are mostly located in the inner areas characterized by a more rugged morphology and infrastructural gaps. Unexpectedly, most of municipalities show a significant anticorrelation among the population and agricultural areas which is an indicator of social and economic phenomena as complex as they are underestimated. As a final step, this analysis highlights also a loss of carbon storage mainly attributable to the soil sealing of large areas. This study can help to comprehensively understand the conditions of marginal areas in Mediterranean Europe over recent decades in the light of the main socio-economic dynamics to better direct efforts towards the containment of the human capital hemorrhage, consisting of persistently negative natural and migratory rates, and the sustainable empowerment of these geo-economic peripheries.

Перспективы применения технологий искусственного интеллекта для цифровой трансформации здравоохранения.

Introduction. Currently, the digital transformation of healthcare is one of the priority areas of industry development. In Russia, there is a high readiness and interest of both managers and doctors in the practical application of various digital products, including decision support systems using AI technologies. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the scientific research and practical developments available in Russia in order to systematize and identify the most popular scenarios for the use of artificial intelligence systems. Results. The most promising areas for the development of artificial intelligence systems for healthcare in Russia are: Improved diagnostics. AI systems can analyze medical images, laboratory test data and clinical histories, identify patholo- gies and offer accurate diagnoses, which helps doctors make more informed decisions. Personalized treatment. The use of AI allows taking into account the individual characteristics of patients and offering optimal treatment regimens based on the analysis of numerous factors, such as genetic data, medical history and response to therapy. Disease prediction. AI can help determine the likelihood of developing certain diseases in a particular patient based on their individual risk factors, allowing for preventive measures or early treatment. Automation and optimization of processes. AI can reduce the workload of medical personnel, automate routine tasks, improve medical data management, and ensure more efficient resource allocation. Conclusions. The proposed scenarios and areas of AI application are most likely to impact the achievement of targets and objectives set out in the national project "Healthcare" – which is a priority for the implementation of AI.

Evaluating the Possibilities for Rainwater Collection as part of Green Infrastructure using GIS and RS Technologies: Industrial Regions, Eskişehir, Türkiye

The study aims to identify the possibility of rainwater harvesting in industrial zones (Eskisehir Organized Industrial Zone (EOIZ), Baksan Industrial Site, Matbaacılar Site, ESTIM Wholesalers Site, Auto Gallery, EMKO Furniture and Woodworks, Teksan Industrial Site, Auto Industrialists and Small Industry, Craft Industrial Site, New Organized Industrial Zone Development Area, and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)) with high water use and concentrated impermeable areas. In this case, the amount of rainwater accumulated in impermeable regions was calculated using GIS and RS to reduce the rainwater load that accumulated or reached the wastewater treatment plant. The study will directly contribute to the displaying of the green water footprint resulting from industrial impermeable zones. This work for industrial areas will be pioneering. This study was analyzed using open-source GIS software and Google Earth software, a free application that allows experts in various trade branches of rainwater harvesting in the industrial region, industrialists, and researchers who want to conduct research in this area to do so quickly and easily. When viewed from this perspective, it is clear that the work has original value in the subject and makes significant contributions to the literature. Furthermore, this work directly contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals of "Clean Water and Sanitation" and "Climate Action".

(Re)Incorporating “the Tangible” in Industrial Path Development Analyses: The Role of Sociomaterial Contingencies in Explaining Potential Emergence of Hydrogen Production in Western Norway

Studies of industrial path development, a literature strongly influenced by evolutionary economic geography and systems of innovation theorizing, have an analytical focus on how interplays between actors, networks, and institutions, what we term social contingencies, shape industrial development in geographic areas. Tying into earlier calls in the literature, we argue that the emphasis on social contingencies has led to limited analytical attention to how material contingencies are also influential in shaping how and where industries develop. Based on this, we develop an analytical framework for studying sociomaterial contingencies for industrial path development in geographic contexts. Consequently, and echoing early path development theory, we argue for considering the breadth of dimensions underpinning industrial path development and their interplay, considering both intangible and tangible explanators without reducing either of these categories on behalf of the other. We discuss our approach in an exemplifying discussion of potential industrialization of hydrogen production in Western Norway to illustrate how assessment of sociomaterial contingencies adds analytical utility to the industrial path development literature.

THE INFLUENCE FAKTORS ON PROJECT PERFORMANCE: INTEREST, COMPETENCY AND CONTRACT PROJECT

In order to increase economic growth through the development of industrial areas in Indonesia, the Government is making efforts to accelerate projects that are considered strategic and have high urgency so that they can be realized within a short period of time. A project is considered successful if good project performance is achieved. Competence of project funds is important. This research was conducted to determine the influence of competence, interests and project contracts which are thought to have an impact on project performance. This research contained 55 samples and used the smarPLS method. From the results of this research, it was found that there was a significant influence on project interests and competencies. This shows that the competencies possessed by the project team are very influential. Apart from competency, the results obtained from project interests have an influence on project performance. But this is not the case with project contracts which do not include any influence on project performance.

PERDEBATAN PELAKSANAAN PUTUSAN PENENTUAN HASIL AKHIR SENGKETA TANAH DI KALIMANTAN YANG DI JADIKAN SEBAGAI IBU KOTA NEGARA INDONESIA GEOPOLITIK DI INDONESIA

A dispute is a difference of interest between individuals or institutions on the same object that is manifested in the relationships between them. On August 26, 2019, President Joko Widodo announced the transfer of the country's capital (IKN) to East Kalimantan Province. To begin with, the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) has investigated various aspects related to the stage of ICT transfer. These include the economic impact, regional readiness, and the potential development of industrial areas. In the preventive protection of the law, the government should take into account the fate of the local citizens when making plans for the development of the ICT area, both in making decisions and decisions related to the construction of the Nusantara ICT. Following the decision to transfer the capital of Nusantara to the East Kalimantan Province, the transfer of land rights has increased, according to data from the Regional Office of the National Agriculture Authority of the East Calimantan province. By 2020, the rights to land were transferred through a sale agreement at 175 locations in the territory of the capital of Nusantara. By 2021, the number of transactions has increased significantly to 294. Based on these backgrounds, researchers are interested in conducting research entitled “Debate on the Implementation of the Final Decision of the Land Dispute in Kalimantan which is to be made the capital of Indonesia”, through two issues to be discussed, namely, First, the setting up of land freezing as part of the ICT program in East Kalimanthan and Second, on the social impact of the land-freezing program on citizens in particular in East Calimantan. The research method in this research uses normative law research.

A Comprehensive Economic Analysis of Tobacco Farming Potential in Grobogan Regency, Central Java

This study aims to investigate the planning for the Tobacco Products Industrial Area (KIHT) development in Grobogan Regency, Central Java, based on economic analysis. KIHT is an area where the activities of the tobacco products industry are concentrated, equipped with infrastructure, facilities, and supporting facilities for the tobacco products industry. The study was designed with a survey approach, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion (FGD) with 100 key informants to obtain facts from the existing phenomena and find information factually. The number of key informants is based on the number all of tobacco numbers in Grobogan regency. The study, therefore, analyzes tobacco competitiveness, labor absorption, product market, and macroeconomic analysis. To sharpen the analysis, the study was supported with a questionnaire instrument to see how far tobacco farmers were prepared in KIHT development. Empirically, the results showed that tobacco farming absorbed 150 HOK/ha per season, greater than corn farming which only absorbed 52 HOK per season per ha and rice farming which absorbed 87 HOK per season per ha. It had high competitiveness with the oligopsony market structure. In addition, the market for tobacco products was experiencing a significant upward trend, and it is in accordance with the Cobweb Theorem law that the behavior of farmers will try to increase the planting area when there is a previous price increase. From the potential of tobacco products, Grobogan Regency received an excise duty of IDR 14.87 billion or 2% of the total excise duty of Central Java Province. This revenue-sharing fund will increase the regional fiscal capacity.

Характеристика сучасного стану іхтіофауни озера Котлован як малої штучної водойми м. Дніпро

Purpose. To investigate the current state of nearshore and pelagic communities of ichthyofauna of an artificial water body: Lake Kotlovan in the city of Dnipro. To develop a set of recommendations and bioreclamation measures to improve and maintain a balanced ecological state of the water body, to increase its recreational value. Methodology.The study of ichthyofauna was carried out in the lake Kotlovan (total area 13.4 hectares), which was artificially created in the late 1960s and 1970s, located in the Industrial District of Dnipro in the area of industrial development. The study was carried out in September 2021 - October 2022 in three main nearshore biotopes of the water body. Ichthyological samples were collected in the nearshore shallow water zone with a small-mesh (fry) seine of 15 meters long with a mesh size of 7 mm in the wings and 3 mm in the codend. Fish selected for further analysis were preserved in a 4.5% formalin solution. Processing and analysis of the collected samples were carried out at the research center “Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture” of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (DSAEU). Generally accepted methods of mathematical analysis were used to process the results. The study was carried out in accordance with the Program for conducting scientific fisheries research of the Scientific Research Center “Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture” of the DSAEU for 2022–2026. Findings. The peculiarities of the species composition and distribution of the spontaneously formed ichthyofauna of an artificial water body under the impact of negative factors - discharges of enterprises, communal and household effluents and active recreation - have been established. Ichthyofauna of the lake Kotlovan is impoverished and represented by only 10 species (4 families). The composition of the ichthyofauna lacks bottom-dwelling fish and some littoral species (representatives of the familiesCobitidae, Siluridae, Syngnathidae, Gasterosteidae, Gobiidae), a certain deformation of the taxonomic structure was observed. The absence of individual families of ichthyofauna is an atypical situation for most water bodies in this region. This is due to the artificial development of ichthyofauna and the complex negative effect of the anthropogenic factor and internal trophic relationships. Recommendations on bioreclamation measures for the development of a stable ichthyocenosis with the improvement of the trophic structure and ecological condition of the artificial water body have been developed. Originality. The species composition of the ichthyofauna of an artificially created completely isolated water body in the city of Dnipro, which has existed for about 50 years, was determined for the first time. The current structure of fish groups according to species composition, conservation status, relative abundance, type of feeding and origin were investigated. A high level of the infestation of bleak Alburnus alburnus and silver bream Blicca bjoerkna with ligulosis and perch Perca fluviatilis with eustrongylidosis was observed. Measures and recommendations for improving the state of the ichthyofauna of Lake Kotlovan and increasing the recreational value of the water body were proposed. Practical value. Based on the conducted study, it is possible to evaluate and forecast the future state of the ichthyofauna of small, artificially created and isolated water bodies under anthropogenic pressure. The proposed bioreclamation measures will allow increasing the stability of ichthyocenosis and improving water quality as well as the conditions for recreation of residents, recreational fishing within the boundaries of a large city (a complex of ecosystem services). Keywords: city of Dnipro, artificial water body, ichthyofauna, bioreclamation, biotope, recreation, ecosystem services.

Spatial Analysis of LULC Changes and Suitability of Ngawi Regency on Spatial Regional Planning 2011-2031 Using Geographic Information System

Abstract This study analyzes land use change in Ngawi Regency, East Java, in 2011 and 2021 and examines the suitability of land use, Regional Spatial Plan, and Regional Medium-Term Development Plan. Qualitative descriptive analysis methods and spatial-temporal analysis are used to identify land-use change, land-use change, and land-use-related problems. The results showed a discrepancy between actual land use and RTRW in several sub-districts, such as Padas, Pangkur, Ngawi, Pitu, Kedunggalar, Ngrambe, Sine, Jogorogo, Kendal. This discrepancy includes changes in land functions from settlements to industries, tourism areas to settlements, industries to settlements, and vice versa. The total area of nonconformity reached 40,361 hectares or 28.93 % of the Ngawi area. GIS and map overlays provide an in-depth understanding of land change patterns, with settlements and industrial sectors being key focuses. Although the Regional Spatial Plan has been established to regulate land use, its implementation still needs to be improved in 2021. The development of tourism, industrial, agricultural, and residential areas sometimes goes differently than planned. This research highlights the need for coordination between Regional Medium-Term Development Plans and Regional Spatial Plans to achieve sustainable regional development.

Research on the Accounting and Spatial Effects of Emergy Ecological Footprint and Industrial Green GDP--The Case of Yangtze River Economic Belt

The booming development of industrial enterprises at the cost of ecological resource consumption has inevitably harmed the ecological environment, especially since the phenomenon of water resource pollution is more serious. Exploring the relationship between the ecological environment and the industrial economy is crucial to the green and sustainable development of the region. This study uses the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to investigate the impact of emergy ecological footprint on the industrial green of gross domestic product (GDP) under the perspective of water resources, based on the panel data of 11 provinces in Chinas Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2012 to 2021. The results show that first, the overall industrial green GDP of the YREB has increased year by year, and the effect of water resource protection is outstanding. Second, the emergy ecological footprint has a significant positive effect on industrial green GDP, and the spillover effect is also significant. Third, heterogeneity analysis shows that the spatial relationship between emergy ecological footprint and industrial green GDP is different in different regions, and the local effect and neighborhood effect of the high industrial green economic development areas are consistent with those of the YREB, while the relationship between the low industrial green economic development areas is not obvious. This paper is of great significance for the green development of industrial enterprises in the YREB and guides the formulation of sustainable development policies.

Analysis of the role of local government in the prevention of environmental damage in Kuala Tanjung Industrial Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia

The development of active industrial areas in the production process of course produces waste that can damage the surrounding environment. Kuala Tanjung Village is a Priority Industrial Area based on Presidential Regulation Number 56 of 2018. A review of environmental impacts needs to be carried out. Active local government participation is needed, of course through regulation. This research aims to examine the efforts made by the Government of Batu Bara Regency to prevent environmental damage to the industrial area in Kuala Tanjung village. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research. While the data used are primary data and secondary data. The result showed that the Regional Government of Batubara Regency has Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2022 concerning the implementation of environmental protection and management. However, it is a pity that the regulation has just been issued, even though several companies have been operating for a long time. Furthermore, there are also programs and activities carried out, namely monitoring river water, routine monitoring of companies, and planting mangrove forests. The entire program is still limited to liquid waste, while air quality is far from being a concern. Coupled with the lack of budget allocations, the programs that are run are still very limited.

Impact Of Industrial Area Development on National and Regional Economies In Indonesia: Case Study And Policy Implications Post-Pandemic

This study examines the complex consequences of industrial area development on both the national and regional economies of Indonesia, with a specific focus on the interaction between these two domains. This research employs a comprehensive case study methodology to examine the policies crucial for ensuring sustainable economic growth in the aftermath of the pandemic. Industrial expansion's direct and indirect effects on job creation, economic diversification, technological advancement, and resource distribution are all examined in this analysis. Considering the varying degrees of development and infrastructure across Indonesia's regions, the study also identifies the distinct impacts of economic disparities across these areas. The results emphasize the need for tailored policy interventions that consider regional discrepancies and foster fair economic growth post-pandemic. Contributing to the economic recovery of the nation, the study finds sectors of the Indonesian economy with potential for expansion in the post-pandemic period. Employing the shift-share analysis and qualitative descriptive method, help determine if any changes have occurred in the configuration of the economic system during the post-pandemic period. The findings indicate that each of the five provinces, namely Bali, Riau Islands, Banten, East Borneo, and Yogyakarta, possesses distinct competitive advantages that are unique to their respective regions. However, none of the industries in these five areas possesses a significant degree of expertise in any particular industry. The research also emphasizes the lack of dedicated business activities focused on a specific industry.

Emission of black carbon in heavy traffic areas of Jamshedpur and Ranchi: Risk exposure to humans

The suspended aerosol particulate matters are global issue towards the environmental loss as it contaminates the atmosphere. This study explains the comprehensive investigation of BC concentration and its health risk estimation in different topographical urbanites i.e., Jamshedpur (JSR), and Ranchi (RNC). The concentration of BC as 15.87 µgm-3 at JSR, and 12.16 µgm-3 at RNC using the portable aethalometer (AE-33) and air sampler (Envirotech APM 550 mini). The BC concentration was observed higher at JSR, it may be due to the high traffic load and industrial emission in AIADA region (Adityapur Industrial Area Development Authority). Similarly, concentration of PM2.5 was observed around 165.4 µgm-3, and 151.3 µgm-3 in above respective sites. The health risk was calculated around 17.4, 21.4, 10.2 and 16.7 number of PSC (passive smoking cigarette) per day concerning to health outcomes of LBW, PLFD, CM and LC respectively in JSR which observed higher compared to RNC (i.e., 10.6, 14.3, 8.5 and 12.8) which might be due to larger consumption of coal and fuel in Industrial city, JSR. Backward Trajectory analysis explained that the dispersal of airborne particulate matter mostly coming from southwestern part of India and Arabian sea in all the two sites.

Mechanisms for the implementation of complex construction contracts within the framework of life cycle management of a capital construction facility

The development of industrial areas with difficult climatic conditions and high environmental burden on the population requires innovative management approaches from the construction industry, including energy construction as a factor of safety and reliability, as a basis for the development of enterprises in the region and urban development. The purpose of this study is to determine the place and role of complex construction contracts (CСC) in the life cycle (LC) of an industrial capital construction facility and to form mechanisms for improving the implementation of CСC to ensure the innovative nature of such an object at all stages of its LC within the framework of the relationship with the development of the economy of the studied region as a whole. The LC model proposed in the study allows us to determine the place and role of innovation engineering assessment at each stage of the implementation of large engineering projects during the construction of capital construction facilities within the framework of territorial development management. The combination of methods for assessing innovativeness will reveal the necessary reserves for accelerated development of territories with maximizing environmental and economic effects.

LEGAL REGULATION OF SUBSOIL USE IN THE FIELD NON-FERROUS METALS IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article is devoted to the issues of comparative legal research of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on subsoil use in the field of non-ferrous metals. The subsoil of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan contains a large number of different minerals, including non-ferrous metals. Mineral resources are the property of the state and the people. Non-ferrous metals are used in various industries in the production of parts, al-loys, structural materials and finished products. It is necessary to bear in mind the depletion and non-renewable nature of minerals and therefore adopt a more rational attitude towards the Earth’s resources. Therefore, it is very important to study the practices, legislation and strategies of other countries in the field of underground resource management. Studying the issues of improving the legislation of Kazakh-stan for the rational management of natural resources and the development of new industries of finished products from non-ferrous metals is very relevant.This work examines the main provisions of the legislation of the RK and PRC on the right of owner-ship of subsoil, regimes of subsoil use rights, principles of legislation on subsoil use, the goals of state management of subsoil and their connection with the development of the national economies of the two countries. Based on the study of public management issues in the field of mineral resources exploitation, the author puts forward some suggestions that will help to improve the legislation and management in the field of underground resources utilization, strengthen the protection of national interests, and introduce public management issues in the field of mineral resources exploitation. Take a more rational approach that takes into account the priorities of the country’s economic needs. Kazakhstan should not only focus on mineral extraction and export, but also develop a long-term strategy. Legal regulation should include additional obligations for users of underground resources in the areas of industrial production develop-ment, environmental protection, natural resources and land restoration

ЦИКЛИЧНОСТЬ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДИНАМИКИ

Cyclical dynamics is a universal form of movement of nature, society and the economy. The specificity of economic dynamics is that it has a more probabilistic character than, for example, natural cycles. It is important to take this fact into account in the process of forecasting economic development. In the modern economy, forecasting plays an essential role, which is due to the practical significance of forecasts. The cyclical type of oscillation is characterized by repeated periods of decline and rise. The uneven development of the economy, reflected in the distribution of dynamic series of statistical data characterizing the results of economic activity for various types of fluctuations in economic dynamics, is a basic condition for the development of management technologies on a state and economic scale. However, in the practice of public administration of national economic complexes and the national economy as a whole, the economic unevenness of economic development is often ignored. The cyclical nature of economic dynamics and the onset of the crisis are determined by the trends in the development of production and the economy as a whole, the state of socio-economic relations, the content and nature of public life. The imbalance of the economic interests of the state and private capital, economic and political elites and citizens can lead to crises in the economy. The peculiarity of cyclicity in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy, the nature and duration of the crisis determine the need for the use of non-standard methods of crisis management, which is facilitated by a comprehensive study of existing problems, the causes of downward trends in economic dynamics and the effectiveness of priority areas of industry development. The latest financial and economic crisis of the world economy, which affected Russia and the most vulnerable sphere of its economy - the agricultural sector, showed that the process of achieving sustainable agricultural development is long and requires effective use of state support measures and various elements of anti–crisis management, the development of tools for diagnosing and forecasting crisis phenomena, the formation of programs for the soft passage of agriculture downward trajectory of the economic cycle. The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the cyclical nature of economic dynamics.

Study of the Social Impact of Environmental Management: Farmers Perceptions of Takalar Industrial Area Development Planning

The establishment of the Takalar Integrated Industrial Park (KITA) is confirmed by Presidential Regulation no. 18 (2020), aligning with the 2020-2024 National Medium Term Development Plan, which outlines the development of 18 industrial areas. It is imperative that the development process synchronizes with human resource advancement to yield benefits for both the environment and the neighboring farming community. This study aims to gauge farmers' perspectives on the social aspects of managing their environment in light of industrial area development plans, focusing on demographic, socio-economic, and cultural factors. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving six farmers and informants to assess their perceptions and expectations regarding KITA's development. Results indicate overall farmer approval of KITA's development, with a majority holding positive perceptions of the planning process. Demographically, farmers anticipate KITA's development as a primary avenue for increasing employment opportunities. They also foresee business prospects that could enhance their economic status, alongside anticipated improvements in infrastructure and the expected population growth. In terms of socio-cultural dynamics, concerns regarding potential clashes between local communities and newcomers are minimal, with farmers believing that cultural disparities will not disrupt traditional activities.

Ecological and Geochemical Assessment of Snow Cover in the Area Affected by the Apatite–Nepheline Production of the Kola Peninsula

The chemical composition of the snow cover in the area of industrial development of the apatite–nepheline deposit is analyzed to estimate the ecological and geochemical environmental impact of the mining enterprise. It has been established that the snow of the studied area of the Khibiny is enriched in Cl– and Na+ ions (on average 38 and 41 µeq/L), and relations between basic ions (Cl– and Na+ Ca2+ K+ = Mg2+) and mineralization value (from 1.7 to 6.4 mg/L) are typical for precipitates in the coastal regions of the northern European Russia. The average content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the snow of the impact zone is 495 and 26 μg/L, respectively, which is 3 and 5 times higher than in the background zone. This is explained by their influx into the atmosphere with dust emissions from the mining enterprise. The content of organic matter (CODMn and TOC 5.5 and 5.8 mg/L) in the snow of the impact zone is about two times higher than in the snow of the background zone and in the water of the Khibiny water bodies. Probably, the elevated content of organic matter in the snow is associated with the supply of organic substances-reagents from the tailing dump, which are used to obtain apatite concentrate, as well as the intensive growth of unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille under conditions of an increased content of nutrients and long daylight hours. The concentrations of a number of heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd) in the snow of the impact zone exceed their contents in the water of water body of the impact zone (13.4, 5.4, 3.8, 0.8, 0.65, 0.035 μg/L, respectively). These metals enter the snow as a part of dust emissions from the mine, and as polluted air masses from the industrial regions of Eurasia.

Juridical Analysis Of Evaluation And Supervision Of The Use Of Rights On Land Management Rights (HPL) To Strengthen Legal Certainty

The granting of Batam Island management rights is stated in Article 6 paragraph (2) letter a of Presidential Decree Number 41 of 1973, stating that all land areas located on Batam Island are handed over with management rights to the Chairman of the Batam Island Industrial Area Development Authority (later called the Batam Authority). Referring to Article 4 of Government Regulation Number 46 of 2007, Management Rights over land under the authority of the Batam Authority and Management Rights over land under the authority of the Batam City Government located in the Batam Free Trade Zone and Free Port are transferred to BP Batam by statutory regulations. Invitation. The areas in question are Batam Island, Setokok Island, Watch Island, Nipah Island, Galang Baru Island, Rempang Island, and Galang Island. However, replacing the subject of management rights does not end existing rights on Management Rights land; these rights remain in effect until the validity period ends. Thus, currently, Batam City Management Rights are owned by BP Batam. Problems with management rights also occur in the community of Batam City. This is, of course, a result of the development of Batam City, where the land rights are mainly allocated to industrial areas, housing (residential), government, and protected forests. One of the purposes of granting Management Rights to BP Batam was to accelerate investment. However, during the process, it was discovered that the land allocated to a third party (Investor) had yet to be physically developed as agreed upon at the time of allocation. This then becomes the basis for BP Batam to carry out evaluation and control over land that is not built and built not by its intended use.

Coastline Change Analysis using Landsat-8 on Rebana Metropolitan Area, West Java

The Rebana metropolitan area is an industrial area development covering Cirebon-Patimban-Kertajati to support accelerated economic growth, especially in the West Java region. In order to minimize failures in supporting the development targets of the Rebana metropolitan area, it is necessary to carry out spatial planning with consideration of the hazard aspects in the development area. One of the aspects that need to be studied further is the dynamics of the coastal area such as coastline changes that occur due to erosion or sedimentation. Analysis of erosion and sedimentation is essential for further studies to be carried out regarding the factors that cause erosion and sedimentation and how to protect and prevent them in the future. This research utilizes remote sensing techniques and integrated geographic information systems (GIS) to identify coastline changes from 2017-2022 in the coastal areas of Subang, Indramayu, and Cirebon districts which are included in the Rebana metropolitan area. In this study, Landsat-8 satellite imagery is used to identify and quantify Spatio-temporal changes that occur in the coastal area of the Rebana metropolitan area in 6 years. The Normalized Difference Wetness Index (NDWI) algorithm is used to separate wet and dry objects which are interpreted as bodies of water and land. Thresholding the results of the NDWI algorithm along with the on-screen digitization approach was carried out for coastline extraction. The calculation of coastline changes is carried out using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) so that the rate of change of coastline in the study area is obtained. During the study period, the results showed that the average erosion rate in the Rebana metropolitan area was -3.66 m/year and the average sedimentation rate was +6.28 m/year, where the greatest erosion rate occurred in Kapetakan sub-district, Cirebon Regency with an average rate -7.63 m/year, and the greatest sedimentation rate occurs in Pusakanagara sub-district, Subang Regency with an average rate +24.64 m/year. Karangampel Sub-district in Indramayu Regency has 79.89%, the widest erosion area of its total coastline length, and Balongan Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency has the widest sedimentation, 91.37% of the total coastline length. The land use that is most affected by erosion and accretion in the coastal area of the Rebana metropolitan area is fishpond.