Fishpond Area Research Articles

PENGARUH TAMBAK SILVOFISHERY TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK TANAH MANGROVE SEBAGAI LAHAN KONSERVASI DAERAH MUARA SUNGAI BOGOWONTO KULON PROGO DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

The Bogowonto River estuary is a coastal area in the open water category because it faces the Indian Ocean directly, it has high wave energy, which will cause erosion and abrasion, and the presence of mangrove and pond ecosystems (silvofishery) can support the development of coastal areas as conservation land. So it is necessary to conduct research to examine the influence of soil physical properties on silvofishing and determine the types of mangroves in the Bogowonto River estuary area. The method used was a survey, where soil samples were tested at the Yogyakarta BPTP Laboratory and the Yogyakarta "Veteran" National Development University at a depth of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. Sampling was conducted in a zigzag method from the left (near the pond) and right sides of the river. The results of the research found that there are 2 types of mangroves, namely the Tan cang (Bruguiera sp.), which grows far from the coastline and close to fish pond areas (silvofishery), has a has a relatively stable pH, is dominated by clay texture, and has a low salinity level. White Mangrove (Avicennia sp.) grows near the coastline, with a dominant sandy loam texture, low-normal pH, and high salinity levels. Mangroves that grow along the southern river in the presence of silvofishery can help with the deposition process of mud that is transported along the river and maintain the sustainability of fish populations, and litter from mangroves tends to increase the organic matter content of the soil.

FISHPOND STATUS MAPPING USING RADAR REMOTE SENSING

Abstract. The identification and monitoring of the status of all fishponds with Fishpond Lease Agreements (FLAs) in the Philippines is limited mainly to site visits. However, this approach is tedious, time-consuming, and costly due to the sheer number and locations of fishponds. This study explores the use of radar remote sensing in expediting the mapping of fishpond status (i.e., active, abandoned). Historical Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired from 2022–2023 covering identified fishpond areas were analysed. Several temporal statistics of their sigma nought backscatter values were calculated per polarization (i.e., VV and VH). Non-fishpond areas were masked out, and then Principal Component Analysis was applied to the stacked temporal statistics images. Afterwards, K-Means Cluster classification was applied to the first 7 components of the resulting PCA images to generate 4 classes. The resulting class with relatively low backscatter values is identified as water; “intermittent” water if their backscatter values vary greatly; and non-water or vegetated if their backscatter values are relatively high. Status was determined based mainly on the dominant class in each plot. Water class dominated plots are considered active; non-water or vegetated class dominated plots and plots that are covered mostly by “intermittent” water class are labelled as abandoned. Based on field-validated data, active fishponds, and old, abandoned fishponds (e.g., already have mangroves, or have no water control structures) were easier to correctly map, while abandoned fishpond with certain characteristics were harder to correctly identify. The approach is promising and can help BFAR map and monitor the fishponds in the country.

Satellite Remote Sensing Shows Maintenance of Fish Pond Area Improves Persistence of Eurasian Otters in Hong Kong

Urbanization and land cover change are significantly affecting the availability of habitats for wildlife worldwide. However, linking species persistence to large-scale habitat changes is challenging, especially when wildlife monitoring data is lacking. In China, the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a species of conservation concern and is listed as endangered as a consequence of declining populations across the country. Hong Kong is home to a small population of Eurasian otters, which are primarily restricted to a set of wetlands in the inner Deep Bay area. However, the drivers of their historical distribution changes are largely unknown. We combined otter spraint data from 2018 to 2019 with historical records of otter data spanning 1959–2018 to examine otter habitat preference and changes in their distribution, relating this with land cover changes measured by Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 satellite remote sensing in the past (1986 and 1995) and present (2018) using supervised random forest classification. We found that otters showed habitat preference for fish ponds and watercourses, and persisted in areas where fish pond area was more readily available. We also found no significant effect of the extent of land cover changes on otter persistence, suggesting that the species is resilient to some level of fish pond loss and find value in available terrestrial habitats. Our results demonstrate the utility of relating satellite remote sensing data to species distribution data over decadal time scales and highlight the importance of managing terrestrial and wetland habitats for otters and other key species in increasingly urbanized landscapes.

Widespread long-term declines of littoral areas in protected and unprotected Czech fishponds

Fishponds play a key role in current pondscapes in many developed countries. They provide multiple ecosystem services affected by trade-offs mediated by different types of fishpond management. Many fishponds were impacted by the shift towards more intensive aquaculture and widespread eutrophication in the 20th century. These changes can undermine various ecosystem functions including the maintenance of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in the littoral areas, but their extent is not well documented. Here we use aerial photographs to investigate the changes of littoral areas of 46 protected and 20 unprotected fishponds in the Czech Republic between the years 1950 and 2019. Protected fishponds had initially larger littoral areas than the unprotected ones, and the difference persisted over time. However, littoral areas decreased markedly in 38 protected (mean area decrease by 22.5%) and all unprotected (mean area decrease by 16%) fishpond categories, especially during the second half of the 20th century. Within protected fishponds, the trend was unaffected by the reserve establishment year, fishpond area and conservation target. Our results suggests that legal protection did not prevent the initial catastrophic loss of littoral areas and facilitated at most minor recovery in the last two decades, with negative implications for long-term maintenance of aquatic diversity. We attribute the losses of fishpond littoral areas to high fish stocks and eutrophication resulting from additional feeding, pond manuring, and ongoing nutrient inputs from the pond catchments. We conclude that littoral areas of fishponds urgently need effective protection. This would require a paradigm shift towards less intensive fish stock management, more frequent summer drainage, and effective reduction of all nutrient inputs to increase the water quality. Such measures could help recover the littoral areas and the associated biota.

Pengembangan Digi Ecosmart, Ekosistem Ekonomi Digital Cerdas Berbasis Immersive Technology PT Nuswantoro Informasi Teknologi

Sidoarjo Regency is a Delta Plain with an altitude between 0 to 25 m, a height of 0-3m with an area of 19,006 Ha, covering 29.99%, is a fishpond area located in the eastern part of the Central Region which has fresh water with an altitude of 3-10 meters above sea level is a residential area, trade and government. Covering 40.81%. The western region with an altitude of 10-25 meters above sea level is an agricultural area. [1],[2]The Matching Fund Program is a program funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Research and Technology to strengthen cooperation between PTs and DUDI to jointly form the Merdeka Learning Ecosystem - Merdeka Campus. At the end of the program, a better and sustainable working relationship will be established between PT and DUDI, which is expected to contribute to solving real problems in the field or carrying out national strategic actions. [3]The method used on this project is prototyping, which is a system development method in which prototypes are built, tested and then reworked as necessary until acceptable results are achieved of the system or a complete product can be developed.

Body and Head Morphometric of Kacang Goat under Semi Intensive Management at Fishpond Area in Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia

Morphometric characterization is the basis of conservation strategies, performance improvement, breeding, and sustainable utilization plan. The purpose of this research was to determine the morphometrics of the Kacang Goats at the fishpond area in Sidoarjo Regency based on different ages and sex. The fishpond area in Sidoarjo is a closed area where goats are raised and have the potential for inbreeding with the consequence of smaller-sized offspring than normal. Morphometric measurements included the head, ears, neck, body, legs, tail, and horns. This research used a descriptive analysis approach, presenting data in form of mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. The result showed that the average face length of male vs. female Kacang goats was 16.73 ± 2.40 cm vs. 19.68 ± 2.44 cm; with a face width of 11.25 ± 2.91 cm vs. 19.52 ± 3.18 cm; ear length of 14.62 ± 1.38 cm vs. 16.46 ± 1.47 cm; neck length of 15.53 ± 2.65 cm vs. 15.35 ± 2.14 cm; horn length of 7.41 ± 4.10 cm vs. 6.59 ± 2.89 cm; chest circumference of 59.33 ± 8.18 cm vs. 67.80 ± 6.32 cm; body length of 51.45 ± 6.70 cm vs. 56.91 ± 6.54 cm; body height of 54.41 ± 7.22 cm vs. 62.01 ± 5.53 cm; tail length of 13.21 ± 2.01 cm vs. 14.77 ± 3.37 cm; hind leg length of 39.20 ± 5.26 cm vs. 47.74 ± 5.47 cm; and front leg length of 37.00 ± 8.84 cm vs. 44.63 ± 8.65 cm. This research concludes that Kacang Goats in Sidoarjo has characteristics according to SNI standard, and the morphometric size was larger in female than male goats.

Exploring Aquaculture Fish Production: The Case of South Aceh District

This study empirically explores factors determining the production of fish aquaculture in the South Aceh District, Indonesia. The study selected 150 out 1,893 aquaculture fish farmers within 18 sub-districts in the regency as the study’s respondents using a multi-stage sampling technique. Primary data collected through questionnaires’ distribution were analyzed employing a multiple regression model. The research documented empirical evidence that fish pond area, number of fish farmers, and capital significantly and positively influenced the production of fish aquaculture in the South Aceh Regency. Meanwhile, the number of fish seeds had an insignificant impact on the production of fish aquaculture. These empirical results suggested that in improving aquaculture fish production, fish farmers have to possess an adequate amount of capital, pond area, and the number of workers. Soft loan assistance sourced either from the government or banking institutions, conversion of idle and abandoned lands into fish ponds, and various fisheries capacity building programs is among the strategic steps that require to be taken to extend aquaculture production.

Dynamic of the Land Use and Land Cover Change in Banyuwangi Regency From 1995-2019

The land use and land cover change phenomenon has become one concern over many regions worldwide, including Indonesia. Land use and land cover change due to human activities triggered alteration terrestrial ecosystems and its services including climate control functions. The study aimed to analyze land use and land cover change in Banyuwangi regency during 1995 – 2019. Four satellite images from acquisition year 1995, 2000, 2014 and 2019 were used to analyze the spatial and temporal changes along with field observations. The classification processes of land use and land cover included determination of training areas, supervised classification, and accuracy assessment. There are 12 land use and land cover based on supervised classification as follow primary forest, secondary forest, plantation forest, mangrove forest, plantation, settlement, cropland, paddy field, shrubs, water, fishpond and barren land. The result showed during observation period of 1995 until 2019 land use and land cover which tends to decrease are secondary forest, mangrove forest, and rice fields. On the other hand, the area of settlements, shrubs and fishponds were increased significantly.

Dynamic of the Land Use and Land Cover Change in Banyuwangi Regency From 1995-2019

The land use and land cover change phenomenon has become one concern over many regions worldwide, including Indonesia. Land use and land cover change due to human activities triggered alteration terrestrial ecosystems and its services including climate control functions. The study aimed to analyze land use and land cover change in Banyuwangi regency during 1995 – 2019. Four satellite images from acquisition year 1995, 2000, 2014 and 2019 were used to analyze the spatial and temporal changes along with field observations. The classification processes of land use and land cover included determination of training areas, supervised classification, and accuracy assessment. There are 12 land use and land cover based on supervised classification as follow primary forest, secondary forest, plantation forest, mangrove forest, plantation, settlement, cropland, paddy field, shrubs, water, fishpond and barren land. The result showed during observation period of 1995 until 2019 land use and land cover which tends to decrease are secondary forest, mangrove forest, and rice fields. On the other hand, the area of settlements, shrubs and fishponds were increased significantly.

Harnessing Machine Learning Techniques for Mapping Aquaculture Waterbodies in Bangladesh

Aquaculture in Bangladesh has grown dramatically in an unplanned manner in the past few decades, becoming a major contributor to the rural economy in many parts of the country. National systems for the collection of statistics have been unable to keep pace with these rapid changes, and more accurate, up to date information is needed to inform policymakers. Using Sentinel-2 top of atmosphere reflectance data within Google Earth Engine, we proposed six different strategies for improving fishpond detection as the existing techniques seem unreliable. These techniques include: (1) identification of the best time period for image collection, (2) testing the buffer size for threshold optimization, (3) determining the best combination of image reducer and water-identifying indices, (4) introduction of a convolution filter to enhance edge-detection, (5) evaluating the impact of ground truthing data on machine learning algorithm training, and (6) identifying the best machine learning classifier. Each enhancement builds on the previous one to develop a comprehensive improvement strategy called the enhanced method for fishpond detection. We compared the results of each improvement strategy to known ground truthing fishponds as the metric of success. For machine learning classifiers, we compared the precision, recall, and F1 score to determine the quality of results. Among four machine learning methods studied here, the classification and regression trees performed the best with a precision of 0.738, recall of 0.827, and F1 score of 0.780. Overall, the proposed strategies enhanced fishpond area detection in all districts within the study area.

Evaluation and Enhancement of Sustainable Organic Fishpond Farming in the Sei Teras Fishpond Irigation Area, Central Kalimantan

Sei Teras fishpond area was developed by the Banjar community in 2006. The conditions of the ponds in Sei Teras are still very simple, where the availability of seeds and feed is completely dependent on nature. The evaluation is based on the level of control and the production rate, while efforts for improvement are planned through controlling water quality. In the rainy season, the shrimp productivity ranges from 180 Kg/ha, while it can reach 450 kg/ha in the dry season. From the measurements results in November 2020-Mei 2021, it was noted that the salinity of the water in fishponds and canals ranged from 2 to 24.3 ppt while the water pH ranged from 6.11. to 7.87. Water quality parameters such as DO and pH have met the criteria for applying higher aquaculture technology, while other parameters such as Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, TDS and Salinity require improvement and/or control. An alternative design is in the form of rearranging the fishpond system such as individual fishpond size. In addition, it is necessary to manage the fishpond irrigation network, namely by planning the main control structures separating fresh water and saline water, and rehabilitation of channels that experience sedimentation.

Population of white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) in a mangrove ecosystem, Belawan, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Widiani I, Barus TA, Wahyuningsih H. 2021. Population of white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) in a mangrove ecosystem, Belawan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5367-5374. White shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis De Man) is an essential fishery commodity with high economic and ecological value in the coastal area of North Sumatra. The main objective of this study was to determine the density of white shrimp in each harvesting area and to evaluate the current physicochemical factors in the Belawan mangrove ecosystem, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Four sampling sites were chosen as study areas. White shrimps were caught using ambai nets with a dimension of 4.5×4.5 m in width and 17 m in length placed from 4:00 - 7:00 PM. Measurement of physicochemical characteristics of sampling sites was conducted in situ and in the laboratory. Based on our study, the highest shrimp density was documented in the fishpond area (station 1) (89 ind/m2), while the lowest density was from the mangrove ecosystem area (station 2) (28 ind/m2). Based on the length class, the population of white shrimps was dominated by 16-18 mm shrimps. The gonad maturity level of the white shrimp population was classified into level 1 (The absence of thin-to-thick threads along the dorsal lining indicated the lowest gonad maturity level). White shrimps exhibited negative allometry in growth with a clumped pattern in population dispersion within the study area. The physicochemical parameters in four sampling sites, such as phosphorus content (P), and nitrate (NO3), exceeded the standard national quality set by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Effects of Land Use on Nutrient Concentrations in the Inflow River of Lake Taihu, China

Land use is an important factor affecting non-point nutrient loading. Here, the Wuxi River basin was selected to analyze the influence of sub-basin land use on nutrient concentrations using remotely sensed land use data and monthly river water quality variables from October 2019 to September 2020. The results showed that the water quality of the river was closely related to land-use type. Specifically, dryland farmland, villages, and building land have a strong promoting influence on nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and phytoplankton chlorophyll a. The proportion of orchard land was also positively correlated with river nutrient concentrations. A negative correlation was observed between the proportion of forest land and nutrient concentrations. Moreover, the proportion of the water area in rivers and reservoirs was negatively correlated with the total dissolved nitrogen and nitrate concentrations in the river, and the proportion of the water area in natural pits and fishponds was negatively correlated with river nitrate and ammonia concentrations. Furthermore, the proportion of river and fishpond areas was positively correlated with the concentration of dissolved total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and the permanganate index, while the proportion of the natural pond area was positively correlated with the concentration of particulate phosphorus and phytoplankton chlorophyll a. The influence of land-use types on water quality was also affected by distance from the river. This research indicates that the appropriate utilization of land and wetlands is key to controlling non-point nutrient loading in the river network, including Lake Taihu. Specifically, the self-purification capacity of wetland waters should be incorporated into nutrient control schemes, and special attention should be paid to the reduction of non-point source pollution in the drylands along the downstream riverbanks and urbanized areas.

Mangrove Species Diversity, Stand Structure, and Zonation — A Case Study at Pahawang Kecil Island

Pesawaran Regency is an administrative area of Lampung Province which has the potential marine tourism with mangrove resources in Pahawang Kecil Island. Pahawang Kecil island is a coastal natural tourist destinations located in Punduh Padada District, Pesawaran Regency. The mangrove ecosystem is a community of mangrove vegetation associated with fauna and microorganisms. There are various components of life in the ecosystem. In addition, the main function of mangroves is to protect stability of the shoreline from sea waves. In fact, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems become a tourist area and fish pond area continues. This impact to the local government and community members to rehabilitation mangroves. However, this prefentive activity to rehabilitation are failed. This failure caused by not according to the mangrove planting area. Planting mangrove is not in the green belt area. Thus, it is necessary to have a preliminary study of landscape typology mangrove vegetation. In accordance with the presidential regulation Number 37 of 2012 which explains that the preservation of mangrove ecosystems is by accommodating deep mangrove ecosystems Regional Spatial Planning and zoning of coastal areas and small islands. The purpose of this study was to identify the condition of mangrove vegetation and create the mapping typology of mangrove vegetation on Pahawang Kecil Island. The research was carried out on vegetation parameters using the combination method of lines and checkered lines with measurement of diameter, height and number of individuals. In addition, measurements of the inundation height of each were carried out in research sites. Pahawang Kecil has the Rhyzophora stylosa species with the highest volume level of mangrove vegetation, namely 3.2538.15 m3 / ha. The location of Pahawang Kecil Island was identified in 10x10 meter dominance species mangrove Rizophora stylosa with a relative density with a value of 94.12%, relative frequency value of 8.47%, and an important value of 105.96%.

Identifying Priority Areas for Coastal Protection Around Java, Indonesia

Climate change-induced sea level rise will likely increase the severity of ongoing coastal disasters in Indonesia. The selection and concentration approach should be applied to minimize the costs of conservation when budgets are limited. Prioritizing is then effective in terms of cost effectiveness. We aimed to identify priority areas for coastal protection against sea level rise around Java, Indonesia, using the Marxan model. The model uses systematic planning to select prioritized areas for coastal protection. Three scenarios were developed based on ecological, economic, and disaster elements that were exacerbated by sea level rise. A scenario is defined as a particular simulation circumstance based on assumptions about extrinsic drivers, parameters, and the structure of the model. Coastline length, mangrove coverage, low-elevation area, fishpond area, human settlement area, and the area of zones with the potential for annual rainfall increases acquired from DIVA-GIS and WorldClim were set as environmental factors. There were 60 areas facing the coast among 117 areas. For those protection, it would be fairly costly. We were able to narrow that number down from 18.8% to 62.4% from 117 areas using our method. This might become very cost effective. The most prioritized areas were located in the northern region of Java. These areas can be a focus of preferential effort and funding for conservation. The results of this study will help to make the protection strategy based on not only the magnitude of damage but also the total perspective using public data that is relatively easy to obtain.

PKM PENGOLAHAN IKAN BANDENG MENJADI LONTONG ISI ABON BANDENG MAKANAN KHAS SAWAH LUHUR

Sawah Luhur Village, which is located in Kasemen District, Serang City, Banten Province, is an area of rice fields and fish ponds that have considerable potential, especially in the aquaculture sector. Pond products are the main source of livelihood for the majority of the population. Milkfish is one of the large fishery products, but not only milkfish is processed into milkfish pecak and milkfish satay, but it can also be processed into rice cake containing shredded milkfish. With the potential for milkfish ponds, the Uniba Group 05 Student PKM program utilizes milkfish processing into lontong containing shredded milkfish. It is hoped that this processing can continue and be continued by the community so that it becomes a business area that can improve the family's economy, supported by online-based marketing in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic which has not yet moved from Indonesia. . This research is a development research. The milkfish processing model in this study was adapted from a 4-D model development model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The trial was carried out in three stages, namely (1) expert trial/validation; (2) limited trial; and (3) field trials. Field trials were carried out in the Sawah Sawah Luhur sub-district. The research instrument used was a field survey of fish ponds from milkfish processing into lontong containing shredded milkfish. This field observation is about the processing of milkfish, the achievement of milkfish into processed lontong. Our achievements in processing lontong fish have been successful. Each component of the learning device for making shredded milkfish in Sawah Luhur has met the valid criteria

The anatomic response of the mangrove vegetation due to the changing in land functions

The mangrove forest in Indonesia have transformed into conservation area, tourist objects, and fishponds, causing the environmental changing. The purposes of this research are to find out the condition of the environment, the varieties of the species and the anatomy of the leaves. The locations of this research are determined based on the Karimun Java in December 2019. The locations are conservation area in Menjangan Besar Island, fishpond area in Kemujan Island and Mangrove Tracking area. The environment parameters such as temperature, pH, DO, TDS, and salinity. Photomicrograph is used to check stomata. The data are analyzed descriptively. The environmental conditions in those three locations have different condition, except temperature. The species found in Menjangan Island are A.marina and R.stylosa, the species found in Kemujan fishpond are C.tagal, R.apiculata and E.agallocha meanwhile the species found in tracking Kemujan are C.tagal, R.apiculata, R.stylosa and L.racemosa. The result of the observation towards the anatomy of the leaves in those three locations has not showed responses to the environment stress, but the condition of the environment in the fishpond showed the rising in salinity level. Therefore, it is suggested to grow Avicennia because it is more adaptable towards high level of salinity.

What are the challenges and opportunities in implementing Taiwan's aquavoltaics policy? A roadmap for achieving symbiosis between small-scale aquaculture and photovoltaics

The Taiwan government has initiated multiple renewable energy development projects in recent years, one of which involved the use of photovoltaics (PVs) as a source of renewable energy. Given the limited land resources in Taiwan, the government introduced an aquavoltaics policy that was aimed at slowing the reduction in aquaculture production and increasing non-farming production benefits for small-scale aquaculture farmers without compromising the country's industrial development. However, when this policy took effect, landowners began exploiting fishpond areas, which adversely impacted fishpond prices and preyed on farmers, tenants, and the environment, in addition to affecting the sustainable development of aquaculture. To meet the research purpose, this study explores, assesses, and analyses the effects of the aquavoltaics policy on Taiwan's aquaculture industry. The results show that different stakeholders had dissimilar views on the aquavoltaics policy. The research findings are expected to expedite the integration of different opinions with the implementation of renewable energy policies. The government sector should also effectively communicate the aquavoltaics policy to various stakeholders and help them to adopt the policy to reduce operational risks for aquaculture farmers and simultaneously facilitate the sustainable development of aquaculture and thereby make Taiwan's small-scale aquaculture farming system a model of energy transition.

Seasonal Changes in the Content of Photosynthetic Pigments of Dominant Macrophytes in the Bardača Fishpond Area

Abstract In this paper, changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments during the vegetation season in the leaves of Phragmites communis Trin., Salvinia natans (L.) All., Trapa natans L. and Utricularia vulgaris L. in the area of Bardača fishpond (Sinjak pond) were monitored. Physical and chemical characteristics of water are defined in order to determine their association with the content of photosynthetic pigments. The obtained results indicate the specificity in the content of photosynthetic pigments between aquatic macrophytes and significant variations during the vegetation season. The maximum content of pigments was determined in the leaves of the emerged species, while the minimum content was measured in the submerged and floating leaves. The investigated macrophytic species showed a similar trend in the total chlorophyll content during the vegetation period; with two maximums recorded – May and September, while the minimum values were recorded with the senescence process (October). Total chlorophyll and carotenoids were in a negative correlation with temperature, pH, saturation, water transparency and orthophosphate content in water. On the other hand, they were in a positive correlation with the content of nitrates in water. The correlation analysis of the physical and chemical parameters of water quality and the concentration of macrophytes photosynthetic pigments showed a significant influence of certain abiotic factors on the photosynthetic pigments’ content in the leaves of Phragmites communis Trin., Salvinia natans (L.) All., Trapa natans L. and Utricularia vulgaris L.

Dynamic changes and sensitivity of water Area of Huixiankarst wetland

Affected by human activities and natural factors, the area of the Huixian karst wetland has been shrinking in recent years. As the main data source, Landsat5 TM remote sensing image was used to analyze the trend of wetland landforms and its driving factors. The changes of various types and the sensitivity of water influencing factors of Huixian wetland in the past 30 years were analyzed by visual interpretation, supervised classification and geographic information system. The analysis results show that the water area of the wetland has decreased significantly in the past 30 years, and the reduction is 4.52 km2.The fish pond area appears an increasing trend, and the increase is 2.81 km2.The increase of farmland and vegetation is 1.66 km2 and 0.33 km2 respectively. The increase of fish ponds is much smaller than the reduction of water bodies.Water bodies have been developed into farmland or vegetation land. The main driving factor of land type change is human activity, and natural driving is secondary.Sensitivity analysis shows that water for agriculture and fish ponds is the most important factor contributing to the shrinkage of natural water bodies in Huixian wetland.