Area Of Energy Management Research Articles

A REVIEW: ENERGY & WATER AUDIT: TYPES, SCOPE, METHODOLOGY AND GAPS

In most developing countries, the energy problems to be addressed are countering the high dependence on traditional sources of energy. An energy Audit is key to a systematic approach to decision-making in the area of energy management. The energy audit is a wide spectrum of energy study which ranges from identifying major energy problem areas to implications of alternative energy efficient measures. one must go for the energy audit to save electricity at a much lower cost. Water Audit comes into the picture in the late 80s to overcome drought-related problems, shortages, leakages and losses. Water audits provide a rational, scientific framework that categorizes all water use in your system. The standard water balance or methodology is the framework for categorizing and quantifying all water uses in the water audit. The utility should be estimating the amount of water used in this category as accurately as possible. For many systems, the water used in this category may vary over time, or it may be zero. Recommended by the [IWA and AWWA] Water Loss Committee. Distribution and its efficient use to reduce capital and operating cost as an added advantage over the optimized use of water resources with environmental protection.

Development of a Self-Calibrated Embedded System for Energy Management in Low Voltage

Due to the growing concern and search for energy sustainability, there has been an increase in recent years in solutions in the area of energy management and efficiency related to the Internet of Things (IoT), the home energy management system (HEMS), and the building energy management system (BEMS). The availability of the energy consumption pattern in real time is part of the necessity presented by this research. It is essential for perceiving and understanding the savings opportunities. In this context, this manuscript presents the development of a self-calibrated embedded system to measure, monitor, control, and forecast the consumption of electrical loads, enabling the improvement of energy efficiency through the management of loads performed by the demand side. The validation of the produced device was performed by comparing the readings of the device with the readings obtained through the evaluation system of the integrated circuit manufacturer ADE9153A®, Analog Devices® purchased in Brazil. The result obtained with the developed device featured errors smaller than ±0.1%, which were in addition smaller than ±1% with respect to the full scale, thus proving to be a viable solution for the proposed application.

Effects of ICT’s on energy management systems

The modern world is facing hedge amount of challenges in the area of energy management. Information and Communication technologies are on of most important tools for managing, monitoring and improving the energy consumption efficiency if they are implemented and used for that. Not all countries dealing with this issues successfully and effectively. Therefore scientific and practical solutions based on regions specifics are necessary. This article aims to analyze the peculiarities of Middle East countries in ICT usage in energy management sector. After conducting the researches, it can be stated that the positive influences of the ICTs’ in managing the energy management sector are valid, valuable and giving progressive results. The research results are presented further in the article and the peculiarities of the factors and the tools that are used to improve efficiency and sustainability of in the energy management sector in Middle East countries.

Optimal Energy Management Strategy and Novel Control Approach for DPGSs Under Unbalanced Grid Faults

Recently, the use of distributed power generation systems (DPGSs) based on renewable energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and a reliable alternative to the large traditional energy sources. For it, power-electronic interface technologies and control have also emerged as the most important key elements in the area of energy management and integrating DPGSs. The specification of a power-electronic interface is subject to several requirements that are related not only to the DPGS itself but also to its interactions with the power system especially where the utility grid is subject to events that can potentially lead to large-scale disturbances or even to its collapse if it operates near its capacity without fault margin. This study deals, first, with an optimized energy management strategy and, second, with a newly-conceived control strategy called symmetrical components control algorithm (SCCA) that was proposed for four-leg three-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter (VSI) used for DPGSs with wind–solar–battery sources. A mechanism of negative and zero sequences injection based on the control of ([Formula: see text]) current coordinates has been introduced. The performance of entire control system, to enhance the unbalanced fault ride-through capability of DPGSs, has been evaluated by time domain simulations with MATLAB/Simulink. Advantages of the combined active–reactive control ensuring both current and voltage controls have been achieved compared to the majority of already published strategies. The distinct features of the proposed SCCA strategy prove that it allows to meet the requirements for grid interconnection and the new stricter standards with respect to power quality, safe running, and islanding protection.

Inter-sectorial benchmarking of compressed air generation energy performance: Methodology based on real data gathering in large and energy-intensive industrial firms

Industrial systems management is nowadays increasingly devoted to improve the control of most critical production aspects. In this context, the performance of all the systems involved in production processes have to be measured and analysed in order to get better insights in terms of potential production and quality improvements as well as energy savings. In order to evaluate the performance of a certain system, a possible and effective way is to compare it with data from similar systems, thus to conduct a benchmark analysis. In the area of energy management, although the compressed air system (CAS) is one of the most important and energy consuming services within industrial plants, enterprises often have difficulties understanding and appreciating the entity of potential benefits coming from the improvement of its energy efficiency. The present paper aims at developing a new benchmark analysis for compressed air systems in industrial plants. The proposed methodology starts from the KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) already available in the scientific literature for CASs’ energy performance and is mainly based on the analysis of a huge real dataset collected from over 15,000 energy audits made on a wide range of different companies, all related to produced quantity of compressed air and energy consumed by CASs. Collected data present some limitations and related improvements and corrective actions have been undertaken and are presented in the followings. Data analyses have been followed by complementary surveys regarding compressed air systems’ use, maintenance and monitoring practices performed within several Italian enterprises and aimed at enhancing and creating a more reliable baseline for benchmarking.

Energy Audit of an Industry: A Case Study of Fabrication Company

Energy is one of the major inputs for the economic development of any country. In the case of the developing countries, the energy sector assumes a critical importance in view of the ever-increasing energy needs requiring huge investments to meet them. Energy audit will determine energy wastage and losses, and provide techniques and ways to minimize the losses. The payback period of the energy audit programmed for the industry was found to be 14 months. The energy consumption techniques suggested by the energy audit will not only minimize the losses but also reduce monthly electricity bill. The objective of Energy Management is to achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and utilization, throughout the organization as to minimize energy costs and wastage without affecting production and quality. Energy Audit is the key to a systematic approach for decision-making in the area of energy management. It attempts to balance the total energy inputs with its use, and serves to identify all the energy streams in a facility.

Energy auditing of chemical industry and scope for renewable energy

Chemical industry is one of the oldest industries in India. Indian chemical sector has grown a long way since its early days of independence. The chemical industry forms the backbone of the industrial and agricultural development in India and also provides building blocks for downstream industries. This industry is a significant contributor to India's national economic growth. To know the extent of energy being wasted it is essential to know the amount of energy being consumed. Energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows for energy conservation to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output. The energy audit is the key for decision-making in the area of energy management. This paper presents, electrical energy auditing carried out in production plant of (PIL) chemical industry, in which lighting system was tested according to BEE standards. The annual energy wastage through lighting system was 528.24 kWh and found 600 kWh annual energy saving opportunities by replacing high power rating lamps. It was suggested that 2 kW capacity solar photovoltaic (SPV) system is capable for running indoor lighting system. Payback period of the SPV system comes 44 months compare to conventional electricity.

Cluster Based Energy Routing System for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network has become part of everyday life. Due to very small size of sensor nodes and their limited battery power a lot of work has been done in the area of energy management. Many routing protocols have been developed for using battery power efficiently but these protocols sacrifice QoS for this energy efficiency. Energy Harvesting technologies have been proposed to improve the lifetime of sensor nodes. Sensor nodes are charged by using environmental sources such as light, wind, vibration etc. These energy harvesting technologies have been combined with energy transference methods for transference of energy from one node to another. The new area of research is multi hop energy transference and algorithms for energy routing. This research paper is about a cluster based architecture that can help in transporting energy easily and efficiently from one node to another; an algorithm has been designed for charging the nodes before depleting their entire energy. 

IT & Mobile Tower Infrastructure Industry Collaboration - Leap towards Green, Smart & Sustainable Future

Purpose Suggesting, how IT and Mobile Tower Infrastructure Industry in India can collaborate to drive the benefits of implementing “Smart” solutions in the three imperatives (enabling new business models; differentiating the customer experience; and improving operating efficiencies) and contribute to sustainable development through analysis of various insightful points, both quantitative and qualitative. Design/Methodology/Approach This report utilizes a variety of research sources in preparing this Report. Key component of the Research analysis includes secondary research and where applicable, all secondary research sources are appropriately cited within this report. These research sources, combined with industry data and expertise, are synthesized into the qualitative and quantitative analysis, as presented in this report. Findings IT Providers can enable the Telecom Tower Industry with “Smart” solutions that can help the companies improve & be sustainable on all the essential ROI Drivers - Revenue, OPEX, CAPEX and Partner management especially in the area of Energy Management and contribute to sustainable development. The optimization of costs can be further supported by transition to renewable energy sources. Research Limitations/Implications The research is primarily based on secondary data combined with Industry data and expertise. Though the finding / recommendation of the research apply to the entire Industry but the impact on individual companies within the industry can vary, basis the maturity in data & business processes. Practical Implications Smarter solutions can be implemented by the companies, basis their individual problem statements, varying from addressing a particular process to new types of business models. We need to ensure that the regulations, policies and other stakeholders encourage & surge ahead towards the larger common goal such that thrust for sustainable development serves as one of the key item. Social Implications Smart Solutions can support Industry to reduce the Carbon Footprint, which stands at 5.63 Million Tonnes exclusively from the burning of Diesel in Tower Infrastructure space in India. This can help Industry to contribute significantly towards “Greener” Environment.

Polyurethane: The Material of Choice for Occupant Protection and Energy Management

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is mandated to promote improvements in automotive occupant protection by specifying vehicle crash-worthiness regulations in terms of forces and accelerations measured during test crashes. A primary focus of these Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) has been in the area of energy-management during the "second collision"—the collision between the occupant and the automotive interior. As relevant to energy-absorbing materials, regulations are continuously being revised and upgraded: FMVSS 201, head impact [HIC(d)] for pillars, roof rails, visors and instrument panels; FMVSS 208, passive restraint for head, upper-thorax and upper-leg protection; FMVSS 213, for child safety seats; FMVSS 214, for side impact protection; and FMVSS 218, for motorcycle helmets. In addition, manufacturers need to be concerned about the potential product liability for enhanced injuries due to the "second collision" when superior alternate materials are technologically available and commercially practical. As a result of these demands to improve occupant protection through energy-management materials, it was necessary to examine those that may find use in these applications, including: expanded polypropylene (EPP), expanded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polyphenylene oxide/polystyrene (EPPE/PS), and polyurethanes (PU). The areas of examination and analysis are dynamic impact and static compression testing; -physical properties; flammability; dimensional stability and energy-absorption as a function of temperature; and chemical resistance. The advantages of polyurethane technology are in its versatility, diversity and adaptability to customer and application needs. Energy-absorbing polyurethanes have properties (e.g., low weight, moldability, relative temperature insensitivity) which allow the automobile manufacturers greater design flexibility at lower cost. Whereas thermoplastics have the one-dimensional ability to vary energy-absorption profiles only through density adjustment, polyurethanes can be customized to meet an infinite variety of energyabsorption profiles and performance characteristics through adjustments in either density and/or polymer structure. Energy-management polyurethanes can be produced as: rigid foams, friable or crushable; recoverable semi-rigid foams; or visco-elastic foams. The object of this paper is to compare the physical properties and impact performance characteristics of EPP, EPS, EPPE/PS, and rigid and recoverable polyurethane foams. The results will show that energy-management polyurethane foams have performance properties which make them particularly suitable for occupant protection applications.