Area Of Complex Research Articles

RESEARCH OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF INTERIOR SPACES IN ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Formulation of the problem. Social activity in the adjacent areas of multi-apartment residential buildings is one of the key elements of life in the city and an indicator of successful architectural and planning solutions. Despite the active growth in the sphere of housing construction in Ukraine and the improvement in the quality of architectural solutions for the courtyards of multi-apartment residential buildings, there is a different social activity of residents within the local area. The purpose of the article is to determine the parameters that affect the social activity and comfort of people in the courtyards of apartment buildings and ways to take them into account in design solutions. Conclusions. In the course of the analysis of scientific research on the subject of house spaces and social activity of city residents, it is highlighted that the issues of social activity of residents is a multifactorial task that is influenced by a whole variety of both architectural-spatial and socio-psychological characteristics. By comparative analysis of the adjacent territories of Ivano-Frankivsk with similar architectural and spatial indicators and different levels of social activity, it was determined that these courtyards differ in the general indicator of the time a person spends on their territory and the dispersion of people across the site. To assess individual indicators and formulate recommendations for the socio-psychological comfort and attractiveness of the courtyard, the method of constructing the McKinsey / General Electric matrix was used, which was interpreted to solve architectural problems. The main vectors for constructing this matrix are “socio-psychological comfort” and “attractiveness of architectural and spatial solutions”. Using the method of expert assessments, the location of each of the studied courtyards was determined on the general field of the matrix, namely: the courtyard area of the Kalinova Sloboda residential complex is located in the field “Effective design solution”; residential complex “Lipki”, in the field “Architectural solution requires improvement at all stages”, which confirms the difference in social activity in the adjacent areas of these courtyards. Therefore, this research algorithm can be applied even at the design stage to check the social comfort and attractiveness of design solutions.

Пахихориоидальная неоваскулопатия при нормальной субфовеолярной толщине хориоидеи

Pachychoriod neovasculopathy and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration often look similar, but some differences have been described both genotypically and in the level of cytokine profile, which explains the difference in response to antiangiogenic therapy. It is known that pachychoriod diseases are characterized by choroidal subfoveolar thickening. However, there is currently no data on the structural features of the choroid in the presence of pachychoriod neovasculopathy outside the fovea. Purpose. To perform a detailed analysis of choroial structure on OCT scans of patients with neovascular AMD with normal choroidal subfoveolar thickness and to reveal the frequency of pachychoriodal neovasculopathy identification. Material and methods. In retrospective study, the data of 30 treatment-naive patients (30 eyes) aged 71.5±7.6 years with CNV type 1 were analyzed, including 18 women and 12 men, with a subfeolar thickness of the choroidal membrane not exceeding 250 µm. The patients underwent OCT and OCT-angiography using a Spectralis device (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). In the foveolar zone and under the neovascular complex, if it is located outside the fovea, the structure of the choroid was analyzed: the choroidal thickness, Haller layer and choriocapillaries / layer of Sattler vessels were measured. Results. The average thickness of the choroid in the fovea in all patients was 170.1±40 µm. The thickness of Haller vessels layer was on average 112.3±20 μm, and the layer of choriocapillaries / Sattler vessels was 57.8±12 μm. In 22 eyes, the structure of the choroid and the ratio of all layers were similar in all analyzed OCT scans. However, in 8 eyes, under the CNV located extrafoveally, a thickening of the choroid was revealed up to 210.5±51 µm, the main volume of the choroid was presented by pachyvessels – dilated and enlarged vessels of the Haller layer which thickness was 189.4 ± 48 µm, and thinning of the choriocapillary / Sattler layer to 21.1±16 µm. Conclusion. Among 30 patients with normal subfoveolar thickness of the choroid, the frequency of PNV was 26.6%. Taking into account the literature data on different responses to antiangiogenic therapy in patients with PNV and typical AMD, we can once again emphasize the importance of a detailed assessment of changes in the choroid not only in the foveolar zone, but also specifically in the area of the neovascular complex. Key words: pachychoriod neovasculopathy, choroid, OCT.

Nanoformulations of Drugs Based on Biodegradable Lactide Copolymers with Various Molecular Structures and Architectures

Modern pharmaceutics are actively developing towards the design of targeted drugs. The development of selectively acting formulations requires the creation of smart delivery systems based on carriers that would first find the target cells and enter them and then release the active substance locally. Nanoparticles of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers can be effectively used as such carriers. Flexible regulation of the molecular structure and architecture of polymers, as well as the modification of nanoparticles with vector molecules, allows one to construct carrier particles for the development of nanoformulations for active agents of various nature. This review presents the main approaches to the design of nanoformulations for targeted delivery, describes the methods for the preparation and study of nanoparticles based on hydrophobic and amphiphilic biodegradable lactide polymers, and discusses the effect of the molecular structure and preparation conditions on the characteristics of nanoparticles in detail. Some results of research in this area of the Kurchatov complex of NBIСS nature-like technologies are also presented.

Security and privacy with opacity‐based state observation for finite state machine

AbstractTopics on security and privacy are very fundamental and important in the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we explore the impact of state observation on the opacity of IoT, which is modeled by Moore‐type finite state machine. Firstly, to characterize the intrusion estimator under the event‐state observation, a multi‐linear algebraic expression is proposed through the Boolean semi‐tensor product (STP), and on the basis of the novel representation, the validation criterion is given by some matrix manipulations. Subsequently, considering that the input information may not be measured due to the physical shielding of the system against external intruders, we continue to discuss the opacity with state observation by a permutation structure matrix. Meanwhile, the verification of opacity with event‐state observation is generalized to the one with only state observation. Finally, we offer an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the newly proposed method. Taken together, the current results are helpful to provide a novel theoretical approach for investigating the privacy‐preserving problem in the area of IoT and complex cyber‐physical networks.

Producción, uso y reuso de la escultura decorativa altomedieval de ambiente litúrgico en El Tolmo de Minateda: criterios para su contextualización cronológica y espacial

The excavations at the site of El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellin, Albacete, Spain), especially the work carried out in the area of the religious complex from the Visigothic period, have provided an interesting set of liturgical and ornamental sculpture from the early medieval period. Most of the items recovered come from the levels of dismantling and destruction of the architectural complex. This process begins in the second half of the 8th century and increases at the beginning of the 9th offering support to the Islamic buildings, in which they were reused as a construction material. Despite this circumstance, in this paper, we will see how, thanks to a chrono-stratigraphic sequence that has been verified in several areas of the site in the last 30 years, we can clarify some chronological and functional aspects of these materials. These circumstances allow us to partially restore the elevation of the religious buildings, of which only part of its plant remains, and address, from a regional perspective, aspects of the production and distribution of this kind of ornamental architecture.

Seasonal plasticity in the morphology and cytoarchitecture of the hippocampal complex of the Indian Roller, Coracias benghalensis

Coracias benghalensis, commonly known as Indian Roller, a subtropical seasonally breeding bird native to Prayagraj (25° 28′ N, 81° 54′ E), U.P., India, exhibits a specific rolling behavior (an ornate sexual display) to attract the female for courtship. We hypothesized that the emergence of the seasonal rolling behavior of C. benghalensis would coincide with seasonal neuronal morphology changes in the dorsomedial hippocampus (DMH) area of the hippocampal complex (HCC). To test this hypothesis, the present study aimed to reveal qualitative and quantitative changes in neuronal plasticity in various neuronal classes of DMH across the breeding (pre-breeding and breeding) and the non-breeding (quiescent and regression) phases of the reproductive cycle of C. benghalensis. Plasticity in the morphology of four neuronal types (unipolar, bipolar, pyramidal, and multipolar) in the DMH area of HCC during the breeding and the non-breeding phases was characterized by using Golgi-Colonnier staining for identification and characterization of neuronal morphology. As compared to the quiescent phase, a significant increase of soma diameter, dendritic field, dendritic thickness, length of spine neck, spine head diameter, number of visible spines, and spine density in all four types of neurons was observed during the breeding phase. In contrast, significant decreases were observed during the bird's non-breeding phase compared to the breeding phase. This study concludes that during the breeding phase of C. benghalensis, neuronal arborization was substantially increased in DMH, suggesting an enhanced capability for circuit plasticity possibly underlying rolling behavior. Our study establishes seasonal plasticity in DMH and will serve as a novel model for future studies investigating the molecular, physiological, and cellular mechanisms underlying complex, yet stereotyped, sensorimotor behavior.

The foveal avascular zone area in healthy eyes measured by ocular coherence tomography angiography using a full spectrum probabilistic algorithm.

Report the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area imaged by OCT angiography (OCTA) using a full spectrum probabilistic algorithm in eyes of healthy individuals from Costa Rica without any ocular or systemic pathology. Retrospective chart review of consecutive healthy patients that were evaluated from January 2018 to October 2018 that underwent OCTA of the macular area. The OCTA consisted of a 10° × 10° cube of 512 A scans separated by 6µm each with an automated real time mode of 5. The FAZ area of the superficial vascular complex (SVC), the deep vascular complex (DVC), superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate vascular plexus (IVP) and the deep vascular plexus (DVP) were measured manually by 2 different observers at 3 different times. A total of 234 eyes of 121 patients were included in this study. Mean age was 50years (range, 15-89), 85 patients (70%) were female. Inter- and intra-observer agreements were excellent. The mean FAZ areas in the different layers were 0.258 ± 0.0035 mm2 for the SVC, 0.205 ± 0.01 mm2 for the DVC, 0.415 ± 0.01 mm2 for the SVP, 0.305 ± 0.01 mm2 for the ICP and 0.420 ± 0.01 mm2 for the DCP. The mean FAZ areas in most of the measured layers increased with age and decreased with CMT. Gender and spherical equivalence were not correlated with FAZ area. Manual measurements of the FAZ imaged by OCT-A using a full spectrum probabilistic algorithm are widely reproducible both by the same observer and between observers. The FAZ increases with age and decreases with CMT in normal individuals.

Pengaruh Populasi Ikan Lele Dan Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus Sp.) Pada Sistem Akuaponik

This study aims to study the interaction between catfish populations and the type of growing media on the growth and yield of spinach (Amaranthus sp.) Cultivated by the aquaponics system. This research was conducted using an experimental method (experiment), from July to August 2020 in the experimental area of the PUSKOPAD complex, Tanjungsari District, Sumedang Regency. at an altitude of 850 m above sea level. The experimental design used was the Split Plot Design with the basic design of the RAK. Which consists of 2 factors with 2 repetitions. The first factor or mainplot is the catfish population (i) which consists of 4 levels, namely: (i1) = 0 tails, (i2) = 10 tails, (i3) = 20 tails, (i4) = 30 tails. The second factor or subplot is the type of planting medium (m) which consists of 4 types, namely: (m1) = Rockwool, (m2) = Oyster mushroom waste, (m3) = husk charcoal, (m4) = Pumice stone. Based on the results of experiments regarding the influence of catfish populations and the type of growing media on the growth and yield of spinach grown in the aquaponic system. That there was an interaction between the treatment of catfish populations and the type of planting medium on the parameters of the observation of plant height at 20 days after planting (DAS) and 30 DAS and leaf number at 10 DAS and 35 DAS. The use of pumice growing media is best used for the cultivation of spinach in an aquaponic system and a population of 20 catfish is sufficient to provide the nutrient needs needed by spinach plants.

Proposing an effective and inexpensive tool to detect urban surface temperature changes associated with urbanization processes in small cities

A consequence of urbanization is the loss of vegetation cover, replaced by urban areas. This study investigates the evolution of the built-up areas and its influence on increasing the surface temperature through methodology applicable to small and medium-sized municipalities where urbanization process monitoring is limited. For the case study, the municipality of Penedo, located in the State of Alagoas, was selected. Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 images were used to evaluate urban landscape through normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), and the land surface temperature (LST). A simple tool that summarizes NDBI and LST changes was proposed - the Change Detection Index (CDI). It was possible to highlight areas where the increase in temperatures is associated with the built area's intensification. Furthermore, the machine learning k-means clustering tool was applied to create groups and analyze the relationship between urbanization and temperature increase, confirming the CDI values and validating this tool. An evident increase in the built area was highlighted by CDI and cluster analysis, indicating a heat island's potential formation at the implantation area of a housing complex in the municipality. The spatial analysis indicates priority areas for intervention by a simple methodology that facilitated dialogue and understanding between stakeholders, associated with a low-cost tool with the potential for reproduction and adaptation, providing indicators to urban studies and decision-makers and handle the lack of monitoring data in small and medium-sized municipalities.

Sapphire-bearing magmatic rocks trace the boundary between paleo-continents: A case study of Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex, Uralian collision zone of Russia

Metamorphic gem corundum (mainly ruby) deposits are robust indicators of continent-continent collision processes. However, a systematic link of primary magmatic blue sapphire occurrences to orogenic belts is less understood. An example is the Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex, within the Ilmen Mountains region and part of the Uralian orogenic belt. The mobile belt is a product of the collision among Kazakhstania, Laurussia, and Siberia continents prior to the closure of the Paleo-Uralian ocean and formation of the Laurasia supercontinent (330–250 Ma). It is believed that the alkaline complex became inсluded into the separate Sysertsk-Ilmenogorsk microcontinent with unconstrained borders, when sandwiched between Kazakhstania and Laurussia during that collision. Paleo-reconstructions illustrate that magmatic and metasomatic sapphire deposits linked to alkaline magmatism trace the natural boundary of the “lost” microcontinent with a high precision. The syenite pegmatites of alkaline complex carried unusually large corundum-blue sapphire megacrysts that have recorded the multi-stage development of the Ilmenogorsky complex. The deposits were formed at about 275–295 Ma ago as reconstructed by in situ LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon dating. This formation stage corresponds to a broader continental collision process followed by the formation of Uralian orogeny in the area of the Ilmenogorsky complex. One pegmatite deposit, the “298” mine, is characterized by the occurrence of unusually large corundum megacrysts. The analyses of Rb–Sr isotopic system in the rocks from this deposit revealed two isochrons at 249 ± 2 Ma and 254 ± 22 Ma implying a late stage modification of original pegmatites. The timing of this stage corresponds to the limited post-collision stretching time. Hence, corundum-blue sapphire studied from magmatic (syenites) and metasomatic rocks linked to alkaline rocks in Uralian orogen suggests as a promising indicator for constraining the timing of continent-to-continent collision processes.

Cervical Paraspinal Muscle Fatty Degeneration Is Not Associated with Muscle Cross-sectional Area: Qualitative Assessment Is Preferable for Cervical Sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia, defined as decreased skeletal mass, is an independent marker of frailty that is not accounted for by other risk-stratification methods. Recent studies have demonstrated a clear association between paraspinal sarcopenia and worse patient-reported outcomes and complications after spine surgery. Currently, sarcopenia is characterized according to either a quantitative assessment of the paraspinal cross-sectional area or a qualitative analysis of paraspinal fatty infiltration on MRI. No studies have investigated whether the cervical paraspinal cross-sectional area correlates with fatty infiltration of the cervical paraspinal muscles on advanced imaging. Do patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with increasing paraspinal fatty degeneration on advanced imaging also demonstrate decreased cervical paraspinal cross-sectional area? Between 2011 and 2017, 98 patients were prospectively enrolled in a database of patients undergoing one- to three-level ACDF for degenerative conditions at a single institution. To be eligible for this prospective study, patients were required to undergo an MRI before surgery, be older than 18 years, and have no previous history of cervical spine surgery. Two independent reviewers, both surgeons not involved in the patients' care and who were blinded to the clinical outcomes, retrospectively assessed the paraspinal cross-sectional area and Goutallier classification of the right-sided paraspinal muscle complex. We then compared the patients' Goutallier grades with their paraspinal cross-sectional area measurements. We identified 98 patients for inclusion. Using the Fuchs modification of the Goutallier classification, we classified the fatty degeneration of 41 patients as normal (Goutallier Grades 0 to 1), that of 47 patients as moderate (Grade 2), and that of 10 patients as severe (Grades 3 to 4). We used ANOVA to compare all means between groups. There was no difference in the mean paraspinal cross-sectional area of the obliquus capitus inferior (normal 295 ± 81 mm2; moderate 317 ± 104 mm2; severe 300 ± 79 mm2; p = 0.51), multifidus (normal 146 ± 59 mm2; moderate 170 ± 70 mm2; severe 192 ± 107 mm2; p = 0.11), or sternocleidomastoid (normal 483 ± 150 mm2; moderate 468 ± 149 mm2; severe 458 ± 183 mm2; p = 0.85) among patients with mild, moderate, and severe fatty infiltration based on Goutallier grading. There was a slightly greater longus colli cross-sectional area in the moderate and severe fatty infiltration groups (74 ± 22 mm2 and 66 ± 18 mm2, respectively) than in the normal group (63 ± 15 mm2; p = 0.03). Because our study demonstrates minimal association between paraspinal cross-sectional area and fatty infiltration of the cervical paraspinals, we recommend that physicians use the proven qualitative assessment of paraspinal fatty infiltration during preoperative evaluation of patients who are candidates for ACDF. Future studies investigating the relationship between cervical paraspinal cross-sectional area and patient-reported outcomes after ACDF are necessary to lend greater strength to this recommendation. Level III, diagnostic study.

Fat mass and vascular health in overweight/obese children

Background and aimChildhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Body mass index (BMI), the most widely used marker of body fatness, has serious limitations, particularly in children, since it does not accurately discriminate between lean and fat mass. Aim of our study was to investigate if the estimate of fat mass, as derived by a new prediction model, was associated with carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and the cross-sectional area of the intima media complex (CSA-IMC) in overweight or obese children. Methods and resultsAs many as 375 overweight/obese Italian children, 54.7% males, aged 5–15 years, admitted to a tertiary care hospital, were consecutively enrolled in a study on cardiovascular markers of atherosclerosis. All children underwent an ultrasound carotid examination.Mean weight was 62.2 ± 20.8 Kg and fat-mass was 26.2 ± 10.7 Kg. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant association of fat mass with carotid IMT (β 0.156, p 0.01) and CSA-IMC (β 0.216, p < 0.001); these associations remained significant after controlling for the main cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, blood pressure, HOMA-index, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, birth weight and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). ConclusionFat mass calculated with the new formula is independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in overweight/obese children.

Department of Foreign Policy National Institute for Strategic Studies. Cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey in the fi eld of military-industrial complex in the context of strategic partnership between the two countries

Ukraine and Turkey are united by a set of factors that have developed histori cally and serve as the basis for fruitful cooperation in the area of military-industrial complex. The two countries have achieved intensive development of the military industrial complex in diff erent periods. For Ukraine, this is the Soviet period, the 1930s and 1980s, and for Turkey, the last three decades. Turkey is engaged in the development of digital defence technologies, while Ukraine develops the production technology base. Ukraine and Turkey have great prospects for cooperation in many areas, including digital communication systems, strike drones, high-precision weap ons, radar systems, active defence systems for armoured vehicles, transport aircraft, engines, and shipbuilding. The example of the military campaign in Karabakh, in particular the capabilities and eff ectiveness of drones in modern warfare, established the importance of this experience for Ukraine, which can be used both in military combat and in special operations and sabotage against individual members of enemy command and control objects. Endless confl icts in the global south continue to create new opportunities for the export of high-tech products of Ukrainian and Turkish gunsmiths. Establishment of a system of strategic communications between Ukraine and Turkey in the area of the military-industrial complex operation is pos sible through the development of a plan of future actions to anticipate all possible scenarios. Therefore, the authors of the study establish that the strategic partnership between Ukraine and Turkey not only helps strengthen Ukraine’s defence capabilities and obtain the latest models of armaments for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but also increases the export potential of the currently existing military-industrial complex.

Создание цифрового двойника для оценки современной радиоэкологической обстановки 30-км зоны в районе размещения ОДЭК

The development of the digital twin for the assessment of current radioecological situation is considered in the paper. For the twin development data of comprehensive radioecological survey in the area of the Pilot demonstration energy complex (PDEC) siting were used. The twin was de-veloped with the use of the ArcMap 10.5 software module, the part of the ArcGis package. The digital twin is a virtual model that describes the real-time radioecological situation inside the 30-km zone of the nuclear object influence using a set of mathematical models and maps. The twin contains information on radionuclides and heavy metals content in the environment, radiation doses to humans and biota. The data contained in the twin were used for preparing and publish-ing the atlas of the radioecological situation in the 30-km zone of PDEC influence. The results ob-tained can be used for radiological safety assessment and optimization of radiation monitoring programs for PDEC.

Hydraulic mode of operation of the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex

This topic is the design characteristics of the liquid and solid runoff of the Amudarya river in the area of the hydroelectric complex, according to which the average long-term flow of the river at the site of the hydroelectric complex is 46.5 km3, the discharge is 1470 m3/s, the maximum is 5760 m3/s (July) and the minimum is 186 m3/s (March). The amount of suspended sediment reaches 5 – 6 kg/m3, and bottom 5 – 8% of suspended sediment. The annual volume of suspended sediment is 120 million tons, and taking into account bottom sediments – 130 million tons. It is noted that due to low water conditions, the Takhiatash dam operated with completely closed gates in all spans for a significant part of the year. The authors of the article provide data comparing the actual flow rates of turbidity and backwater at the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex with the calculated ones. It is proved that sharp fluctuations in the water level in front of the dam and water intake into the canals lead to a change in the hydraulic and alluvial operation of the canals. As shown by the analysis of the river channel cross-sections in the upper reach of the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex, in the initial period of operation, there is a decrease in the level of the river bed bottom. The subsequent years of operation of the hydroelectric complex (after 1982) were characterized by the stability of the ongoing channel processes in the downstream, which is characterized by its own level and discharge regime for each characteristic year. It is noted that the operating mode for dry years, which are characterized by the fact that during periods of chronic low water the gates of the shield dam are almost completely closed and its role in regulating the level regime is almost lost. In this case, the level and flow rates are regulated mainly by end regulators in the right-bank and left-bank systems of main canals, which in turn depend on the demands of limited water consumers. Under these conditions, it is extremely difficult to regulate the water level in the headwater, since it is required to keep at a certain level of the water level. It is noted that there were no difficulties with water intakes in high-water years, and the main difficulties are associated with the passage of flood flows through the shield dam. In recent years, there has been a rapid rise in the water level in the upstream, despite all the open gates of the dam, the navigable lock and water intake structures, which are explained by the influence of the introduced ponds on the throughput of the shield dam. It has been substantiated that without any damage to the water intake during the growing season, it is possible to effectively flush the headwater with a constant decrease in the water intake coefficient below the critical value of the water intake coefficient Kv < 0.55. In practice, for the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex, this means that the flushing flow rate should be at least Q ≥ 250 – 300 m3/s. Recommended: for the normal functioning of the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex, taking into account the requirements of all water consumers and sanitary passes to the downstream, it is necessary to clearly link with the operating regime of the Tuyamuyun reservoir.

Formation of technical potential of agriculture in the conditions of the digital economy

The article discusses the role of digitalization of the technical potential of the agricultural industry, describes the factors that have a significant impact on the digitalization of technical potential. The material systematizes data on the formation and development of the technical potential of agriculture. The paper shows that the digital ecosystem is based on the functioning of a complex of electronic platforms, which combine the full range of data on the dynamics of development and the potential of each area of the agro-industrial complex. The elements of production potential, as a historically developing category, have been identified. It was revealed that for the transformation of agriculture, it is necessary to change the development of the reproduction process, which depends, first, on the volume of funds invested, while investments should be aimed at replenishing and updating fixed and circulating assets, the introduction of progressive digital technologies. The basis for the digital transformation of agriculture should be the improvement of the technical characteristics of labor instruments and the equipment of workers, which provides the bulk of the growth in production efficiency.

Dynamics of the hydraulic and alluvial regime of the lower reaches of the Amudarya after the commissioning of the Takhiatash and Tuyamuyun hydrosystems

The article presents data on changes in the main hydraulic parameters of the flow in the hydrological sections of the Amudarya river located in the zone of influence of the Takhiatash and Tuyamuyun reservoirs. It has been established that in recent years an acute water shortage has been observed in the lower reaches of the river during the growing season. In dry years for the Amudarya River, the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex becomes the last section, in some periods there are even no sanitary passes through the hydroelectric complex in the prescribed manner, and as a result, a tense situation is created in the Amudarya delta below the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex. Analysis of the hydrological regime of the river showed that in the lower reaches of the Amudarya on the territory of the Kharezm region and Karakalpakstan, the water regime of the river is very different from the domestic one. The low-water period on the river practically begins in September, as there is a large flow of water in September and October. The waters coming from the upper reaches of the river are retained to fill the Tuyamuyun reservoir. At the same time, the end of the low-water period is actually shifted to the beginning of March, since in March, the work of the water accumulated in the reservoir begins and its supply for flushing irrigation begins. The flood waters entering the Tuyamuyun reservoir are either fully accumulated (if the reservoirs are not filled up to the normal retention level of the NRL) or are very strongly transformed (if the reservoir is filled up to the NRL). Analysis of the dynamics of sediment runoff showed that the amplitudes of fluctuations in sediment runoff over periods have a very wide range of changes. In the initial period of operation of the hydroelectric complex, the sediment runoff mode almost repeats the household mode, that is, the largest runoff occurs during the dry season, but with the lowest solid runoff values on average 3 and 8 (at the Samanbai station) times. For 7 years from 1975 to 1981, the annual flow at the Kipchak gauging station amounted to 41.722 thousand tons, that is, 32% of the annual household regime. The largest annual flow at the Kipchak and Samanbai gauging stations took place in the high-water year 1978 and amounted to 66329 and 57971 thousand tons соответственно. The smallest amount of annual runoff at gauging stations was observed in dry 1981 and amounted to 25074 and 3943 thousand tons. The study of the sediment runoff regime of the Amudarya river during the period of joint operation of the Takhiatash and Tyuyamuyun hydrosystems showed that the amount of solid runoff entering the zone of influence of the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex significantly decreased due to a sharp decrease in water discharge under the influence of regulation and low water. At the same time, as the analysis of field studies has shown, despite their relatively small number, accumulation of sediments is observed in the pays of the hydroelectric complex, that is, silting occurs. The amount of sediment siltation in the area of the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex varies depending on the water content of the year and the operating mode of the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex. Analysis of the alluvial regime shows that during the period of operation of the hydroelectric complex, depending on the hydrological regime of the river and the regime of the water level in front of the dam, the clarification of the flow occurs in April, May, June and August. The seasonally average clarification of the flow within the upper pool ranges from 10 to 40%, and in some months, at levels close to the NSP, reaches 90%, that is, the upper pool of the node turns into a kind of settling tank. The composition of suspended sediments of the Amudarya varies both in time and along the length of the river, but particles smaller than 0.25 mm remain predominant. Particles larger than 0.25 mm are found only in the upper areas and in an amount of no more than 3 - 4%. During the flood period, along the entire length of the river, the percentage of fines content increases in comparison with the low-water period.

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНАЯ ОЦЕНКА НЕЗАРЕГУЛИРОВАННЫХ БОКОВЫХ ПРИТОЧНОСТЕЙ КУЙБЫШЕВСКОГО (НЫНЕ ЖИГУЛЕВСКАЯ ГЭС) ГИДРОУЗЛА БАССЕЙНА Р.ВОЛГИ

The results of the analysis and assessment of changes in annual and seasonal characteristics of hydrometeorological processes in a private catchment area of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex of the Volga river are presented. To analyze the temporal dynamics of the variability of the annual and seasonal characteristics of the hydrometeorological processes in the considered territory of the river basin we used more than 100 years of observations of annual and seasonal fluctuations of lateral inflow, total atmospheric precipitation and air temperature regimes on the Volgariver. Relationship equations for annual and seasonal changes in hydrometeorological characteristics in time are obtained. It was found that long-term fluctuations of hydrometeorological processes (lateral inflow, total atmospheric precipitation and air temperature) are characterized by tendencies (trends). The analysis of these trends showed that the non-standard climatic situation, starting from the 70s of the last century, had a very significant impact on the distribution of annual and especially on the seasonal (low-water and winter) characteristics of hydrometeorological processes. It has been established that non-standard unidirectional changes are found in the fluctuations in the total atmospheric precipitation. If the winter total precipitation is characterized over the 100-year period in question by a continuously decreasing trend,the summer-autumn period is an increasing trend. This leads to the fact that long-term fluctuations in total precipitation during the period of low water are formed as a stationary process. At the same time, the total precipitation of the spring flood and inflowing to the Kuibyshev hydroelectric unit is characterized by a constantly increasing trend.

Постимплантационный верхнечелюстной синусит: профилактика и диагностика

According to the data of domestic and foreign authors, the incidence of maxillary sinusitis has doubled over the past 10 years, and the proportion of patients hospitalized in ENT hospitals is increasing annually by 1.5–2.0%, moreover, rhinology and rhinosurgery are the main areas of work of the ENT hospital currently. An important role in the occurrence of chronic maxillary sinusitis is played by the condition of the nasal cavity, especially the area of the ostiomeatal complex. For more than 30 years, rehabilitation of patients with complete or partial absence of teeth using subantral grafting and dental implantation has been widespread in Russian dental practice. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis is increasingly found as a complication of dental implant treatment in the upper jaw. Patients usually get consultations with an otorhinolaryngologist already with the appearance of complications, and this reduces the effectiveness of dental operations. The question of diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis and insufficient preoperative preparation before implant treatment at the dentist remains open. When preparing a patient for implant treatment at the dentist, important components are the otorhinolaryngological examination and computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses, which can reveal a violation of the architectonics of the nasal cavity, the ostiomeatal complex and the pathology of the maxillary sinuses.

Las estructuras arqueológicas del Cerro Huallío en Cachicadán, Sierra Norte del Perú

Se busca divulgar para conocer y comprender parte de la importancia histórica sobre un conjunto de restos arqueológicos existentes y visibles a nivel de superfi cie de los cerros Huallío y Chiragbal, éste último considerado como uno de los santuarios prehispánicos de mayor magnitud y transcendencia cultural en la sierra norte de los Andes centrales. Los restos consisten en cuevas, tumbas, mausoleos y nichos “ventanillas” labrados en peñas y afl oramientos rocosos; canteras, huancas, plataformas ceremoniales, unidades habitacionales, caminos y zanjas, agrupados en la categoría de estructuras, dispersas en un espacio aproximado de 57 hectáreas, al que se podría denominar área cultural del complejo arqueológico del Huallío. El trabajo es producto de la observación directa, con pobladores del lugar, utilizando celulares para la toma de fotografías y coordenadas que ilustran el presente reporte.