Areas Of Activity Research Articles

Peran Mahasiswa dalam Kuliah Kerja Nyata di Kampung Mandopi Rimom Kabupaten Manokwari Provinsi Papua Barat

Community Service Program (CSP) is a form of manifestation of community service that is in line with the demands and realization of the Tridharma of Higher Education. It is hoped that through CSP, students will be able to utilize knowledge, analyze community conditions, and provide solutions to various problems (social, economic, health, and education) in villages especially. The CSP implementation method consists of 4 stages, namely the initial stage (literature study, location survey, and interviews), the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the monitoring and evaluation stage. The CSP activity which took place in Mandopi Rimom Village, Manokwari Regency was carried out for 36 days (24 June - 8 August 2022) involving 1 field supervisor and 9 students from different study programs. A total of 35 work/activity programs (wp) have been successfully implemented involving participation and cooperation from village residents, school officials, posyandu officers, district health services, and the LPPM of Papua University. The work programs cover 8 areas of activity, namely village administration (7 wp), education (5 wp), health (5 wp), environment (10 wp), religion (2 wp), agriculture (2 wp), animal husbandry (2 wp) and socio-cultural economics (2 wp). The KKN seminar was held on the 35th day to present the results of the activities as well as get appreciation and suggestions as recommendations for implementing KKN in the next period. The results of the work program, activity documentation, obstacles, and suggestions/recommendations are then prepared in the form of a report to be submitted to the university's LLPM.

Bibliometric analysis of nutrition in gastric cancer from 2013 to 2023.

Increasing evidence suggests that nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of gastric cancer. However, no bibliometrics analysis has been conducted in this field. Our study aimed to conduct a bibliometric study to explore the latest publishing trends and areas of intense activity within the sphere of nutrition in gastric cancer. Publications were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace (Version 6.2.4) and VOSviewer (Version 1.6.18) were used for visual analysis. In total, there were 441 publications authored by 2,941 authors from 809 organizations and 47 countries, published in 182 journals from 2013 to 2023. The most prolific country was China, and the most productive institution was the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The leading core journal was Nutrients. P Daisuke Kobayashi and Yasuhiro Kodera were the most influential authors. The first highly cited document was published in Gastric Cancer by Kamarajah et al. The hotspots in this field were nutrition treatment and nutritional status. Moreover, research on nutritional status and nutrition-related prognosis in gastric cancer might be a potential trend. Nutrition in gastric cancer is a burgeoning research field garnering increasing attention. Further investigation is necessary to better understand the impact of nutritional status on the prognosis of gastric cancer.

РЕСОЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ ОСУЖДЕННЫХ, ОСВОБОЖДЕННЫХ И ОСВОБОЖДАЕМЫХ ИЗ МЕСТ ЛИШЕНИЯ СВОБОДЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УФСИН РОССИИ ПО КАЛИНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The purpose of studying the experience of the resocialization of persons who have served a custodial sentence is to identify problems that exist in the organization and implementation of this work by institutions and bodies of the penal enforcement system, consider best practices and formulate conclusions and proposals. Currently, there is no any notion of resocialization in the penal enforcement legislation, however, in some normative legal acts, in particular, in the Federal Law №. 182 «On the basics of the crime prevention system in the Russian Federation» (23 June 2016), resocialization is understood as a set of socio-economic, pedagogical and legal measures carried out by subjects of crime prevention in accordance with their competence and persons involved in crime prevention in order to reintegrate into society persons who have served a criminal sentences in the form of imprisonment and (or) those who have been subjected to other criminal law measures. The importance of the process of resocialization of persons released from prison is inexorably emphasized by statistical figures. Thus, about 60 % of those, who have committed crimes, do it again, and one in three has already been punished. On January 1st, 2024, the Federal Law «On Probation in the Russian Federation» came into force, which specifies the resocialization, social adaptation and social rehabilitation of persons released from prison as the main directions of probation. Currently, the process of developing and adopting sublegislative acts is underway. However, the existing positive experience of some regions in organizing this work should be counted. In the article the author examines the practice of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Kaliningrad region. The author concludes that it is necessary to analyze and generalize the practices of various regions and develop a unified approach to this area of activity of the penal enforcement system in order to streamline it.

Advancing spatial analysis of invasive species movement data to improve monitoring, control programs and decision making: feral cat home range as a case study

Context Many invasive animals are typically active across large areas, making monitoring and control programs expensive. To be efficacious, monitoring devices and control tools need to be strategically located to maximise the probability of encounter. This requires an understanding of how the target species uses the landscape, through identifying key habitat or landscape features that are preferred and used disproportionately more frequently by the species. Spatial analysis of animal movements can help identify high use areas. Aims The variability introduced by different range calculation methods can lead to uncertainty in subsequent habitat analyses. We aimed to determine which method is superior for accurate delineation of core areas for feral cats. Methods We analysed spatial data from 35 collared feral cats across four Australian study sites between 2016 and 2019, and compared the core areas generated using seven commonly used home range estimation methods. Key results We found that the α-hull method provided a higher precision of polygon placement, resulting in lower Type I and II errors and higher conformity to landscape features than other methods. The α-hull used a single default parameter and required no subjective input, making it a more objective, superior method. Conclusions We recommend that the α-hull method be used to define core activity areas for feral cats, enabling more robust habitat analysis, and identification of key habitat and landscape features to strategically target for monitoring and control programs. Implications This strategic approach could significantly improve cost efficiencies, particularly where existing management is widely dispersed, and core activity areas are clumped.

Beyond the organ: lung microbiome shapes transplant indications and outcomes.

The lung microbiome plays a crucial role in the development of chronic lung diseases, which may ultimately lead to the need for lung transplantation. Also, perioperative results seem to be connected with altered lung microbiomes and its dynamic changes providing a possible target for optimizing short-term outcome after transplantation. A literature review using MEDLINE, PubMed Central and Bookshelf was performed. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) seems to be influenced and partly triggered by changes in the pulmonary microbiome and dysbiosis, e.g. through increased bacterial load or abundance of specific species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the specific indications for transplantation, with their very heterogeneous changes and influences on the pulmonary microbiome, influence long-term outcome. Next to composition and measurable bacterial load, dynamic changes in the allografts microbiome also possess the ability to alter long-term outcomes negatively. This review discusses the "new" microbiome after transplantation and the associations with direct postoperative outcome. With the knowledge of these principles the impact of alterations in the pulmonary microbiome in hindsight to CLAD and possible therapeutic implications are described and discussed. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding pre- and postoperative lung microbiomes and how they influence different lung diseases on their progression to failure of conservative treatment. This review provides a summary of current literature for centres looking for further options in optimizing lung transplant outcomes and highlights possible areas for further research activities investigating the pulmonary microbiome in connection to transplantation.

Investigation on the Instability Mechanism of Expansive Soil Slope With Weak Interlayer Based on Strain Softening

ABSTRACTExpansive soils are widespread in the world and coincide with areas of high human activity. The main cause of deep instability of expansive soil slopes is due to their softening caused by excavation and seepage. By developing a comprehensive numerical model based on the theory of unsaturated soil, this study examines the characteristics of stress and displacement distribution of expansive soil slopes through hydraulic‐mechanical coupled numerical simulation. This study analyzes the evolution patterns of slopes with excavation unloading and seepage of water storage to reveal the mechanisms of deep‐seated instability of expansive soil slopes. The findings demonstrate that: The instability of expansive soil slopes begins at the foot of the slope and propagates along the interlayer, affecting the entire slope. Excavation leads to the softening of the expansive soil interlayer and the transfer of shear stress. During water storage, the weakening of the soil strength results in slope instability along the weak interlayer slip. Softening of the expansive soil interlayer facilitates the redistribution of shear forces in the slope and alters the distribution law of the plastic zone in the deep layer. Overly slowing down the slope leads to significant excavation unloading, which is detrimental to the slope's stability.

Pedagogy 2.0: Unlocking New Horizons in Executive Education through Online Learning

The training environment today has become diverse, thanks to the use of new tools to impart knowledge to adults. The advent of new technologies in the field of education has significantly transformed this area of activity. The training offerings have changed, providing more flexibility and options for adult learners, whether they are already employed or not. Additionally, with the integration of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in education, it has become easier to train a larger number of people simultaneously, offering each individual the training option that suits them the most. The training provided through distance education facilitated by new technologies such as the internet has evolved, introducing new roles like the tutor, a new type of trainer who supports employees in their learning. In this context, our research is based on quantitative investigation through a dedicated questionnaire for the employees of the microfinance foundation. The survey yielded the following key results: Employees perceive all banking tools as important to very important, and these tools are currently moderately mastered. However, they prioritize these tools differently. The degree of mastery of these tools varies based on each specialty. For instance, employees assigned an importance rating of 5.11 to the entire set of tools, but overall, these tools are only moderately mastered with a score of 2.88, creating a gap of 1.09 that needs to be addressed through training. Analysis of employees' statements allowed us to identify three main categories of obstacles in distance education: obstacles encountered during continuous banking practice training in terms of the quality of training content, obstacles related to materials (ICT integration), and obstacles related to motivation.

Lactation Newsmakers: Documenting our History - Supporting Breastfeeding Exchange Relations by Building Equitable and Innovative Solutions: An Interview With João Aprigio Guerra de Almeida.

Professor Joao Aprigio Guerra de Almeida graduated in Food Engineering (UFV-1981) with a Master in Microbiology (UFV-1986) and a doctorate in Women's and Children's Health (Fiocruz/IFF, 1998) He is founder and coordinator of the Brazilian Human Milk Banks Network (Ministry of Health-Brasil/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Fiocruz, 1987 to 2024); Head of the National Reference Center for Human Milk Banks at the National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescent Health Fernandes Figueira-IFF (Fiocruz/IFF, 1987 to 2024); Executive Secretary of the Ibero-American Human Milk Banks Network Program (Ibero-American General Secretariat-SEGIB/Brazilian Cooperation Agency-ABC/MS-FIOCRUZ, 2008 to 2020); Coordinator of International Technical Cooperation in Human Milk Banks ABC/Fiocruz/MS (2005 to 2024); and Coordinator of the Human Milk Banks Network of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries - CPLP (2017 to 2024). He has been recognized with the Sasakawa Health Prize (World Health Organization [WHO], 2001); as Officer of the Order of Rio Branco (Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 2001); with Global Health Challenges and Responses of the South in Time of Crisis (WHO, 2009); as Commendator of the Order of Rio Branco-Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil (2018); and Dr LEE Jong-wook Memorial Prize for Public Health (WHO, 2020). His areas of activity include Public Health, breastfeeding, Human Milk Banks, Public Management, and International Technical Cooperation.

PERCEPTIONS ON THE INTEGRATION OF AGILE PRINCIPLES IN IT SERVICE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES. STUDY FROM ROMANIA

This research paper aims to provide insights into the impact generated by the introduction of Agile methodologies in Romanian industrial environments which used to work exclusively with Waterfall methodologies for the delivery of IT products and services. Through this study, the authors aim to uncover perceptions provided by knowledge workers working in the area of IT Service Management who have experienced first-hand this transition in ways of working from Waterfall to Agile, followed by suggestions on how to improve the process of integrating new elements in future transition activities. In order to achieve this aim, a qualitative research exercise has been performed, by conducting interviews with experienced knowledge workers who carry out IT Service Management activities. The results of the research present both breakthrough and setback points with this activity. Breakthrough points focus on the perception of knowledge workers having higher levels of autonomy and ownership of daily activities and dependency on ITIL/ISO process alignment for achieving auditing requirements. Setback points include the need for guidelines availability to ensure better integration between Waterfall and Agile elements, design of metrics to reflect Agile elements integration, and optimisation of tools usage to avoid redundant activities. Following this research, the authors recommend development of more focused research in the area of ITSM activities, as this is an untapped source of improvement for organisations. These findings help contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of IT Service Management processes and builds a basis for further research on change initiatives of IT processes.

Main trends in the development of financial law as a public law branch

The article analyzes the tendency to expand the subject of financial and legal regulation in modern conditions, which is due to objective reasons, which, in particular, include the increase and complication of relationships between subjects, informatization of the financial sector, all areas of financial activity, the emergence of new types of social relations, which objectively need to be regulated by financial law and which include the formation of decentralized non-state monetary funds, but intended to ensure public interests. The emergence of new groups of relations in areas not previously regulated by financial law, in particular in the financial market, which in modern conditions are also becoming the subject of public law, including financial, regulation. The changes taking place are also associated with new characteristics of the method of financial law. Emerging new financial relations are objectively included in the functioning of the financial system of society, which in turn influences the construction of the system of financial law, its complication, characterized by the emergence of not only new institutions, but also sub-sectors of financial law.

Sample size effects on landslide susceptibility models: A comparative study of heuristic, statistical, machine learning, deep learning and ensemble learning models with SHAP analysis

In landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA), inventory incompleteness impacts the accuracy of different models to varying degrees. However, this area remains under-researched. This study investigated six LSA models from heuristic, statistical, machine learning and ensemble learning models (analytical hierarchy process (AHP), frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression (LR), Keras based deep learning (KBDL), XGBoost, and LightGBM) across six different sample sizes (100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 10%). Results revealed that XGBoost and LightGBM consistently outperformed other models across all sample sizes. The LR and KBDL models followed, while FR model was the most affected by sample size variations. AHP, an empirical model, remained unaffected by sample size. Through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis, elevation, NDVI, slope, land use, and distance to roads and rivers emerged as pivotal indicators for landslide occurrences in the study area, suggesting that human activities significantly influence these events. Five time-varying indicators regarding human activity and climate validated this inference, which provides a new method to identify landslide triggering factors, especially in areas of intense human activity. Based on the findings, a comprehensive framework for LSA is proposed to assist landslide managers in making informed decisions. Future research should focus on expanding model diversity to address the effects of sample size, enhancing the adaptability of the LSA framework, deepening the analysis of human activity impacts on landslides using explainable machine learning techniques, addressing temporal inventory incompleteness in LSA, and critically evaluating model sensitivity to sample size variations across multiple disciplines.

Creation of multimodal digital twins with reflexive AGI multilogic and multisensory

Reflexive AGI multilogic, multimodality and multisensors are the basis for the multidisciplinary development of intelligent digital twins. Multimodality is implemented in several formats: text, image, speech, formulas, etc. Multilogic is implemented according to several rules or methods or ways of working with knowledge and data, and the criterion for selecting the best result from all implementations. AGI multilogic carries out judgment, understanding, perception, comparison, analysis, choice, etc. Understanding is realized using the technology of unified objectification of the ontology of subject areas for the implementation of specific activities. Multisensor systems are combined groups of electro-optical, spectroscopic and holographic sensors, and combined series of sensors, such as a thermal imager, color camera, low-light camera, laser rangefinder, laser designator, laser, pointer-illuminator and others. Multisensory systems help monitor the psyche and performance of a person at the level of medical indicators of his physical condition in the process of joint activities with digital twins. Multimodal digital twin with AGI multilogic and multisensory is good human assistant in many areas of activity.

The permanent global crisis of working-class social reproduction: ten propositions

The maintenance and reproduction of the working class remains a necessary condition for the reproduction of capital. But the capitalist may safely leave this to the labourer’s drives for self-preservation and propagation. (Marx [1867] 1976: 718) The capitalist mode of production gives rise to a crisis of working-class social reproduction from the outset, and continually exacerbates that crisis in the course of its development. Far from being in principle a crisis for the capitalist mode of production itself, then, crises of working-class social reproduction are the empirical effects of changes in the capitalist economy, reflecting capitalist power over the fate of the propertyless population. The inherent characteristics of the capitalist mode of production – competition between individual capitals, uninterrupted scientific and technological revolution, an ever-increasing division of labour on local to global scales, the constant process of ‘creative destruction’ as obsolete capitalist enterprises die and new ones are born, the universalisation of commodity production, concomitant to proletarianisation and the creation of a permanent ‘reserve army of labour’, and the tendency for capital to invade and take over any form of production more ‘primitive’ than itself – all continually disrupt areas of social and economic activity within capitalist social formations and those which capitalism has not fully penetrated yet. The effect of state government policies and governance on the part of international organisations is to induce or exploit crises of working-class social reproduction in order to further the hegemony of capital over their own territory and the world market as a whole.

Mangrove forest regeneration age map and drivers of restoration success in Gulf Cooperation Council countries from satellite imagery

Mangrove forests are found across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region despite challenging environmental extremes, including highly variable temperatures and hypersalinity. Understanding the biophysical and anthropogenic factors that influence mangrove forest growth is key to locate suitable areas for regeneration and afforestation activities. The main objectives of this study were to develop a mangrove forest regeneration age map that represents the age of all the existing secondary mangroves in the past 37 years (1986–2023). Long-term Landsat satellite imagery, the random forest classification algorithm, and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the existing secondary mangroves and determine the underlying drivers that contribute to the successful afforestation of mangroves in the region. Our results showed that only around 8.5% of secondary mangrove forests in the GCC region were older than 30 years, with mangroves younger than 5 years being the most abundant age class (41.3%). Saudi Arabia and Oman have the highest percentages of young mangroves, while relatively older secondary mangrove forests were most common in Bahrain, Qatar, and UAE. The current trends in overall mangrove area show that the UAE and Saudi Arabia have the largest total mangrove area among the GCC countries, followed by Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, and Kuwait. The results of the stepwise logistic regression show that the main drivers that influence mangrove regeneration are lower elevation, lower slope, higher available soil moisture, lower average temperatures, higher precipitation, greater proximity to freshwater sources, lower population density and greater distance from agricultural and urban areas. Our results aim to offer support to decision-making in selecting optimal areas for new planting initiatives in the region.

Distribution and genesis of geothermal waters in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Western Sichuan plateau, China: Constraints on fracture system and regional seismic activities

The Xianshuihe fault zone (XSFZ), which is characterized by intense tectonic activities, frequent earthquakes and great number of hot springs, has significant potential for exploiting geothermal resources. Previous studies primarily focus on certain hydrothermal systems in southeastern segment of XSFZ, such as Kangding hydrothermal system, but lack the synthetical comparison and systematic analysis of geothermal waters along the XSFZ. Based on detailed geological investigation, the XSFZ hydrothermal system has divided into six geothermal activity areas: Luhuo (LH), Daofu (DF), Qianning-Bamei (QB), Yalahe-Zhonggu (YZ), Kangding (KD) and Moxi (MX). According to the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and elements behaving in water-rock interactions, the dissolution of silicate minerals is the primarily source of the hydrogeochemical compositions in geothermal waters. The δD and δ18O composition indicate that geothermal waters primarily originated from meteoric waters, but also affected by deep fluids. However, the contribution of deep fluids to the southeastern geothermal areas (YZ, KD and MX) with high concentrations of Cl- is greater than that of the northwestern (LH, DF and QB). The reservoir temperatures and chlorine-enthalpy model reveal that there are three distinct geothermal systems along the XSFZ: YZ and KD geothermal waters are originated from a common deep reservoir (R1), MX are from R3, and LH, DF, and QB are from R4. Due to the uneven thermal structural distribution along XSFZ, the southeastern segments generated stronger thermal stress and have more frequent earthquake occurrence. Thus, the study of geothermal waters along XSFZ can provide valuable insights into deep tectonic activities and geochemical indicators of earthquake monitoring in the region.

Personalized Support for Participants of the Educational Space in the Resource Model of Supporting Family of an Early Age Child

Introduction.The aim of the work was the theoretical and methodological substantiation, development and implementation of the resource model of early support to the family of a child with disorders in the education system. Methodology. The article presents the results of a long-term empirical study of families raising early aged children with disorders, describes the author’s resource approach to their psychological and pedagogical support. The importance of a personalized approach in the interaction of all participants in the educational space (support specialists, children and their parents) in the triad is emphasized. Results. The resource field of the family, including internal and external resources, is designated. A resource model of early assistance to a child with disabilities and his family is presented. Variable strategies of such a model have been developed and tested depending on the request and resource capabilities of parents: patronage, accompanying, advisory. The events and areas of activity that were part of the personalized support process are listed. Conclusions. The importance of training and advanced training of personnel for the implementation of early support associated with professional theoretical and practical deficiencies is emphasized.

W Galicji i za kordonem. Aktywność polityczna Jana Hupki w czasach Wielkiej Wojny (1914 – 1918). Część I

The article presents the political activity of Jan Hupka – a Galician conservative, a member of the Conservative Club, then of the National Right Party, an advocate of the orientation towards Austria-Hungary, one of the closest associates of Władysław Leopold Jaworski. Jan Hupka’s area of activity included – first of all – activity within the framework of the Supreme National Committee, bringing humanitarian aid to the population of Galicia and the Kingdom of Poland, coordinating relief efforts for war invalids, legion veterans, widows and orphans of legionaries, as well as creating a network of employment offices, hospitals, health care centers, setting up vocational courses, funding relief for the needy. Jan Hupka’s political contacts with representatives of various political options and participation in the Legions’ recruitment campaign were also analyzed. Also shown is Hupka’s attitude towards the hierarchy of the Church, leaders of leading parties and political camps, as well as the events and processes taking place (e.g., the formation of the Legions, the formation and evolution of the orientation towards Austria-Hungary, the November 5 Act, the “oath crisis”, the rule of the Regency Council, etc.). In addition to discussing Hupka’s political activities, an attempt was made to determine the role he played both in Galician politics and in the milieu of Polish activists seeking opportunities for the rebirth of the Polish state based on an orientation toward the central states. The analysis was based on internally diverse source material (e.g., archival documents, the press, memoirs and diaries). Studies (compact works and scientific articles) played only a supporting role.

Identifying the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Xiangcheng fault belt, southwestern China: Evidence from hydrochemistry and stable isotopes

Regional faults are beneficial structures for the formation of hydrothermal activities and have thus become target areas for geothermal resource utilization. Numerous hydrothermal activities have been reported along the Xiangcheng fault belt, particularly concentrating in the Batang, Xiangcheng and Shangri-La areas. In this study, hydrochemistry and stable isotopes were used to identify the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Xiangcheng fault belt. The pH values of the geothermal water in these regions gradually decreases in this order, while the total dissolved solids gradually increase. The δD and δ18O values indicate the geothermal waters are mainly originated from snowmelt water and meteoric water. The recharge elevation of geothermal waters in Batang, Xiangcheng, and Shangri-La was 4415–4904 m, 4585–5038 m, and 3673–3969 m, respectively. Most geothermal waters belong to the hydrochemical type HCO3-Na, however some Batang geothermal water is of the SO4·HCO3-Na type, influenced by deep geothermal gas, and some Shangri-La geothermal water is of HCO3-Ca·Na type, influenced by shallow cold water and dissolution of carbonate rocks. Correlations of major ions suggest that HCO3-Na type geothermal waters are determined by the dissolution of paragonite, K-feldspar and albite as well as positive ion exchange. According to Na-K-Mg triangle diagram and mineral saturation indices, the geothermal waters do not reach full equilibrium and are mixed with shallow cold. Geothermometers, including cationic and SiO2, and geochemical thermodynamic calculations indicate that the deep and shallow reservoir temperatures are 200–240 °C and 169–193 °C for the Batang area, 194–201 °C and 119–131 °C for the Xiangcheng area, and 156–178 °C and 100–109 °C for the Shangri-La area. Conceptual models of the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Batang, Xiangcheng, and Shangri-La areas were constructed, respectively. CaCO3 scaling is dominated in the study area. The hydrothermal activities of Batang and Xiangcheng areas with enriched deep materials and high reservoir temperatures are beneficial for rare-alkali metal (e.g., Li). The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in the high-temperature hydrothermal activity areas of western Sichuan.

Understanding the role of street network configurations in the placement of illegitimately operating facilities

AbstractThe role of street networks in shaping the spatial distribution of crime has become a foundational component within environmental criminology. Most studies, however, have focused on opportunistic crime types, such as property offenses. In this study, we instead research a theoretically distinct phenomenon by examining the placement of venues that host criminal activity. In particular, we study the relationship between network structure and the placement of illicit massage businesses, which operate on the intersections of illicit and legitimate activity by hosting illicit commercial sex under the guise of legitimate massage. We model their placement as a function of two network metrics: betweenness, which measures a street's usage potential, and a variant called “local betweenness,” which measures the potential of nearby streets. Multilevel models are used to examine the importance of these street‐level metrics while accounting for tract‐level covariates. Our findings demonstrate that, unlike property crimes, illicit massage businesses tend to be located on streets that are themselves quiet but that are close to areas of high activity. Such locations seem to combine accessibility and discretion, and therefore, represent ideal conditions for such businesses to thrive. Our findings can inform problem‐oriented approaches to prevent the harms associated with illegitimately operating businesses.

Campus Commons: Analysis of IIT Patna’s Public open Spaces

The Public open spaces offer amenities including areas for social interaction and physical activity, which are crucial for the overall wellness of society and the enhancement of living quality. Many studies on POSs have been conducted in developed countries (the US, Australia, and Europe, particularly Germany, Spain, and France). POSs for the Indian context haven't been thoroughly studied, though. Using importance-performance analysis (IPA), this study attempts to investigate the role and effectiveness of public open spaces on the campus of National Institute of Technology, Patna, India. It has been noted that stakeholders' perceptions of the importance & satisfaction, from the use of public open spaces within the IIT Patna campus, varies. Consequently, this study could be useful in determining the importance and satisfaction of public open spaces, enabling the prioritization of these areas in order to enhance management and restore them in order to accomplish environmental sustainability locally. Furthermore, this study recommends that public open spaces' benefits to education, recreation, & the environment be taken into account by those in authority over campus planning early on.