Harvesting Areas Research Articles

Analisis Factor-Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan Kerja Penggunaan Benda Tajam Atau Mesin pada Pemanen Sawit

Indonesia is a country with vast agricultural areas and the fertility of its soil is undisputed. This makes Indonesia a rich country in terms of agricultural products, especially oil palm plantations. Oil palm plantations have many advantages, especially since oil palm is a raw material that plays a strategic role in the country's economic development. However, this also avoids the risk of occupational injuries that threaten plantation workers, especially in the area of palm oil harvesting. Workplace accidents can be caused by activities involving the use of sharp tools and machinery such as dodos, egereks, ganks, axes and axes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors leading to occupational injuries associated with the use of sharp tools and machinery in oil palm harvesters. The results of this study indicate that there are several risk factors for workplace injury when sharps and machinery are used in oil palm harvesters, including worker knowledge level, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and adherence to standards. indicates that there is Having it suggests that there is merit. Instruction manual (SOP)

Water Resources Carrying Capacity Based on the DPSIRM Framework: Empirical Evidence from Shiyan City, China

In this article, we construct an evaluation index system based on the DPSIRM framework to determine the water resources carrying capacity of Shiyan City. Then, we use an obstacle model to calculate and analyze the factors that constrain the improvement in the water resources carrying capacity in the city. The research results are as follows: (1) The water resources carrying capacity of Shiyan City was on the rise during 2011–2021, and the water resources carrying capacity of Shiyan City was continuously improved. (2) The management system is the primary obstacle subsystem, followed by the driving force system, the response system, the pressure system, the state system, and the influence system. (3) Among the specific factors, the top three obstacles are sewage treatment investment, the proportion of guaranteed harvest area in drought and flood, and the average annual fertilizer applied per unit of cultivated land. These primary factors restrict Shiyan City from improving its water resources carrying capacity. This study has important practical significance for understanding the resilience of the water system in Shiyan City; exploring the changes in the water resources carrying capacity and its obstacle factors; and guiding the development, utilization, and management of water resources in Shiyan City.

A Real-Time Measurement Method and System for the Harvesting Area of a Grain Combine Harvester

A real-time system for measuring harvesting area is crucial for cross-regional operation. In response to the current situation where significant errors often occur in measuring the areas of small and irregular fields, we designed a low-cost and high-precision online real-time measurement system for the harvesting area of grain combines. The real-time measurement hardware system for measuring area was designed using an STM32 microcontroller as the core unit. The system was developed using three modes: intelligent measurement, circular measurement, and fusion measurement. Simulation and field experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the system. The experimental results showed that in the field simulation experiment with four differently shaped operating areas, the average accuracy of the intelligent mode reached 93.76%, and the average accuracy of the circular mode reached 95.48%. In the field experiments, the average accuracy of the intelligent mode reached 95.09%, the average accuracy of the circular mode reached 95.74%, and the average accuracy of the fusion measurement mode reached 98.01%. Therefore, the real-time measurement system for the harvesting area of a grain combine harvester designed in this study has high accuracy when measuring the area of small and irregular farmland, hence meeting the requirements of the design objectives.

Prospective study on the influence of dobutamine on blood perfusion in free flap repair of diabetic foot wounds

Objective: To investigate the influence of clinical administration of dobutamine on blood perfusion in free flap repair of diabetic foot wounds. Methods: A prospective self-controlled study was conducted. From January to November 2022, 20 patients with diabetic foot who met the inclusion criteria were hospitalized in the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, including 9 males and 11 females, aged from 44 to 75 years, with the foot wounds area ranging from 5 cm×4 cm to 20 cm×10 cm, which were repaired by free anterolateral thigh flaps. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before anesthesia induction, 10 minutes after vascular recanalization, when the target blood pressure (i.e., MAP being 6-10 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) higher than that before anesthesia induction) was reached after infusion of dobutamine, and 10 minutes after tracheal catheter removal. Additionally, indocyanine green, a contrast agent, was injected intravenously at 10 minutes after vascular recanalization and when the target blood pressure was reached after infusion of dobutamine to assess flap blood perfusion using infrared imager, and the area ratio of flaps with hyperperfusion and hypoperfusion was calculated. Other recorded variables included flap harvesting area, surgical duration, total fluid infusion amount, infusion dose and total usage of dobutamine, intraoperative adverse events, postoperative flap complications, and follow-up outcomes. Data were statistically analyzed with paired sample t test, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, Bonferroni method, and generalized estimating equation. Results: Compared with those before anesthesia induction, HR and MAP of patients were significantly decreased at 10 minutes after vascular recanalization (P<0.05), while HR and MAP of patients were significantly increased when the target blood pressure was reached after infusion of dobutamine (P<0.05). Compared with those at 10 minutes after vascular recanalization, HR and MAP of patients were significantly increased when the target blood pressure was reached after infusion of dobutamine and at 10 minutes after tracheal catheter removal (P<0.05). Compared with those when the target blood pressure was reached after infusion of dobutamine, HR and MAP of patients were significantly decreased at 10 minutes after tracheal catheter removal (P<0.05). The area ratio of flaps with hyperperfusion of patients was 0.63±0.11 when the target blood pressure was reached after infusion of dobutamine, which was significantly higher than 0.31±0.09 at 10 minutes after vascular recanalization (t=-9.92, P<0.05). The area ratio of flaps with hypoperfusion of patients was 0.12±0.05 when the target blood pressure was reached after infusion of dobutamine, which was significantly lower than 0.45±0.10 at 10 minutes after vascular recanalization (t=17.05, P<0.05). The flap harvesting area of patients was (174±35) cm², the surgical duration was (372±52) min, the total fluid infusion amount was (2 485±361) mL, the infusion dose of dobutamine was 3-13 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, and the total usage of dobutamine was 5.7 (2.1, 9.7) mg. Two patients showed a significant increase in MAP during the infusion of dobutamine compared with that at 10 minutes after vascular recanalization, but before reaching 6 mmHg higher than that before anesthesia induction, their HR had reached the maximum (over 130 beats/min). The HR gradually returned to around 90 beats/min after the infusion of dobutamine was stopped. On post operation day 2, one patient had partial necrosis at the distal part of the flap, which was repaired by transplantation of thin split-thickness skin graft from the opposite thigh. During the follow-up of 3 to 6 months after operation, all the flaps survived well, with soft texture and well-formed shape, and no adverse cardiovascular events of patients were reported. Conclusions: The administration of dobutamine in free flap repair of diabetic foot wounds can significantly improve the MAP of patients, expand the area of hyperperfusion, reduce the area of hypoperfusion, and enhance the flap viability, with promising short-term follow-up results, which is suitable for promotion in clinical applications.

Pengaruh Harga dan Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Permintaan dan Penawaran Bawang Merah di Indonesia

The excess supply of shallots due to the increase in harvest area in Indonesia in 2019-2020 resulted in a gap between supply and demand, resulting in price fluctuations over time. The price fluctuations that occurred plus the covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 caused low purchasing power and reduced household consumption. The study aims to determine the effect of prices and the Covid-19 pandemic on the demand and supply of shallots in Indonesia. The data used is time series data. Data analysis using multiple linear. The results showed that the demand for shallots in Indonesia increases every year because this commodity is always needed every day, but the demand for shallots is not matched by stable and evenly distributed production in each region every month. Prices and the covid-19 pandemic affect the demand for shallots in Indonesia significantly and significantly, there are also other factors, namely chili prices which have a negative effect on demand, and per capita income which has a positive effect on demand. Prices and the covid-19 pandemic partially have no significant effect on shallot supply in Indonesia. The variable that has the strongest influence on shallot supply in Indonesia is the harvest area variable.

Nature-inspired surface for simultaneously harvesting water and triboelectric energy from ambient humidity using polymer brush coatings

Atmospheric water harvesting provides a promising, sustainable solution for alleviating the ever-growing water and energy crisis. Here, inspired by the Namib desert beetle, a wettability patterned surface was designed to simultaneously harvest water and triboelectric energy from ambient moisture. Indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass was coated by environmentally friendly perfluoropolyether (PFPE) polymer brushes to obtain a hydrophobic surface, decorated by hydrophilic patterns. The PFPE brushes enabled the droplet to slide down and served as the tribonegative material. The water and triboelectric energy harvesting performance of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic “patterned water and energy harvesting” (P-WEH) system was then investigated. In this regard, a water collection rate of 703 mg cm-2 h-1 was achieved when the P-WEH was placed within an artificial fog. The influence of pattern size and tilt angle, and their relationship with water droplet volume and speed on the triboelectric output, were measured. The effect of the water harvesting area on the output performance of the P-WEH was investigated. The P-WEH with an area of 100 cm2 and a tilt angle of 60° exhibited a high output current of 8.15 µA and a maximum output power of 3.35 µW. Finally, the P-WEH was integrated into a four-season greenhouse to demonstrate its application in reducing external water-energy consumption. This study presents insights into the design of simultaneous water and energy harvesting systems and may contribute to building a sustainable society.

Наливные рыболовные суда - новый тренд на промысле минтая у южных Курильских островов

The intensive development of fish processing factories built on the southern Kuril Islands stimulated the use of fishing vessels with RSW (Refrigerated Sea Water) storage tanks to deliver catches to coastal factories. At the moment, 8 fishing RSW-trawlers are operating in the southern Kuriles area. The capacity of RSW tanks on them varies from 500 to 2200 tons with a total one-time storage volume of 8 thousand tons. The main object of the fishery is walleye pollock. The walleye pollock catch by RSW-trawlers in 2022 reached 112 thousand tons. The main pollock harvesting area is the waters of the southern Kuril Islands, where about 70% of the total allowable catch (TAC) of this species is caught by RSW-trawlers. Compared to traditional trawlers-processor, RSW-trawlers fishering is more rational and “transparent” in relation to resources, because it exclude the possibility of discarding juveniles and substandard fish. It is assumed that the trend towards the use of RSW-trawlers in the Far East fishery basin will increase.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN INPUT PRODUKSI USAHA TANI PADI DI KECAMATAN MENGWI KABUPATEN BADUNG

Agriculture is the largest sector in any economy in developing countries. The agricultural sector is expected to be able to give a bigger role to farmers in determining the priority of agricultural business commodities which are the mainstay of business in Indonesia. The agricultural sector is one of the people's food providers, therefore the acceleration of agricultural development plays an important role in the provision of sufficient and affordable food for the community. This study aims to analyze the effect of harvested area, fertilizer and labor on farmers' production. This research was conducted in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The object of research is harvested area, fertilizer, and labor. The population for this study were all rice farming in the Mengwi District, Badung Regency, totaling 3,571 people and the number of samples calculated using the slovin formula was 97 people. This study uses data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. The analysis technique in this research is regression analysis. The results of this study are that harvested area has a positive effect on farmer production, fertilizer has a positive effect on farmer production, and labor has a positive effect on farmer production.&#x0D; keyword: Harvest Area,Fertilizer,Labor,Farmer's Production

Evaluating the feasibility and potential of unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor implementation of forestry best management practices in the coastal plain of the southeastern United States

Compared to undisturbed areas, timber harvest activities, including road construction, skid trails, and stream crossings, exhibit the potential for causing erosion and sedimentation if forestry best management practices (BMPs) are not implemented. Forestry BMP monitoring serves as a tool to evaluate BMP implementation status. Conventional on-the-ground BMP monitoring has contributed substantially to assessing BMP implementation. However, conventional on-the-ground surveys can be time consuming. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been rapidly emerging as a new tool for local-scale monitoring. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and potential of UAVs for monitoring forestry BMPs in the coastal plain of southeastern United States. We compared the performance of UAV-live feed surveys and UAV-created map surveys with conventional on-the-ground surveys across major BMP categories on 30 study sites using BMP guidelines and implementation survey questions from Alabama, Georgia, and Florida for the sites specific to that state (10 sites in each state). The UAV-live feed surveys involved real-time assessments conducted using the live feed function, enabling on-the-spot evaluations. Whereas the UAV-created map surveys entailed autonomous UAV flight to collect imagery specifically for generating maps and facilitating subsequent assessments.We found that using a UAV for monitoring BMPs efficiently provided an overview of a timber harvest area from above. UAV-live feed surveys were as effective as conventional on-the-ground surveys across all major BMP categories. Specifically, the Cramer's V correlation between the responses from UAV-live feed and conventional on-the-ground surveys for all BMP categories, was 0.95 (p < 0.0001) for detecting implemented BMPs and 0.86 (p < 0.0001) for detecting when BMPs were not implemented but needed to be. UAV-created map survey results vs. conventional on-the-ground surveys were not as effective (V of 0.79 for detecting implemented BMPs and 0.46 for detecting BMPs not implemented but needed). Waste and stream crossing BMP implementation were the most difficult to verify using the map surveys, which was not an issue with the live feed surveys due to the capability to evaluate those BMPs at different camera angles. While UAV-created map surveys may be less effective, they provide an observation record that includes a map of the site. This project also developed a standardized framework for using UAVs to monitor forestry BMPs, including instructions and procedures for conducting UAV-live feed and map surveys. In conclusion, a UAV using the live feed function in the field is a feasible option to monitor forestry BMPs.

Pine Bark as a Potential Source of Condensed Tannin: Analysis through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX)

This study aimed to evaluate the tannin content in the bark of five pine species from a forest harvesting area of the Ixtlán de Juárez community, Oaxaca, México. The species studied were Pinus patula, Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus rudis, Pinus douglasiana, Pinus pseudostrobus. The bark samples were subjected to a drying, grinding, and sieving process. These compounds were extracted using two methods: by constant reflux with ethanol for three hours or in a water bath with distilled water for two hours. The percentage of total extract, Stiasny number, and condensed tannins were quantified. The quantitative number of condensed tannins present in the bark for each of the five species studied ranged from 0.65% to 5.14% for the ethanolic extracts and 0.14% to 1.46% for the aqueous extracts. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified polyphenolic compounds and functional groups characteristic of tannins. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) provided the elemental analysis and chemical composition of the tannin extracts, respectively, finding trace elements of silver, cadmium, phosphorus, iodine, and sulfur, which are minerals present in the soil, meaning that through processes of micronutrient absorption, these can interact with the tannins or polyphenols in the barks of the tree species being studied. The results indicate that the bark of P. patula and P. ayacahuite have a higher concentration of condensed tannins, 5.14% and 4.71%, respectively, in the ethanol extraction, and may be susceptible to exploitation due to the amount of bark generated in forestry activities.

Optimasi Rata-rata Produksi Jagung di Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota Menggunakan Pemrograman Kuadratik Metode Wolfe

This research was an experimented research that purpose to form a mathematical model for optimizing average corn production in Fifty Cities District with the constraint that the harvested area should not be more than the planted area and solve the model with the Wolfe quadratic programming method. The model of mathematical in the research was a model by formed nonlinear using the method of least squares. Then use the Wolfe method to form a new linear objective function and constraints in the form of Karush Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The results showed that the optimal average corn production in Fifty Cities District was 49.00456 tons/Ha with an optimal corn harvest area of 656.256 Ha.

Rice Self-Sufficiency Model to Enhance the Food Security Status in Nepal

The study focuses on the slow growth of rice production in Nepal and the country's heavy reliance on rice imports to meet its food demand. The government has been spending a significant portion of its budget on imports, and it aims to reduce this dependence by increasing domestic production and achieving food security goals. To understand the dynamics of this issue, system dynamics modelling steps were employed. The key variables considered in the model testing were domestic production, imports, per capita consumption, productivity per hectare, and average area expansion rate. The study utilized time series data from 1991 to 2020 and projected the analysis up to 2050 using Stella Architect, a computer-based software program. The findings reveal that both the population and imports have exhibited exponential growth over the years. The model also indicates goal-seeking behaviour, with the government setting targets for yield increment based on available harvest areas. However, the policies implemented thus far have mostly been quick-fix approaches focusing input subsidized programs. According to the model, an increase of 70-100% in rice production will be required by 2050 to meet the growing population's demand. The study presents three policy options for achieving rice self-sufficiency: 1) a 2% annual increase in average area expansion, 2) raising productivity from 3700 kg ha-1 to 5000 kg ha-1 and 3) increasing productivity to 3900 kg ha-1 while reducing per capita rice consumption from 200 kg to 130 kg. The study suggests that adopting the recommended policy implications can help increase rice production in Nepal. Decision-makers should adopt a dynamic approach to the rice production system to address the issue of slow growth and achieve national self-sufficiency and food security goals.

Discovering spatiotemporal characteristics of the trans-regional harvesting operation using big data of GNSS trajectories in China

Trans-regional operation of agricultural machinery is an essential socialized service that can enhance the utilization rate of agricultural machinery and accelerate the progress of grain harvesting. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the trans-regional operations of the harvesters using massive GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data in China and reveal their spatiotemporal characteristics from the province, city and district perspectives. Trajectory data were collected from 25,763 harvesters during wheat harvesting season between May and June 2021 using the agricultural machinery operation big data system. Using the field road segmentation method for GNSS trajectory and the trans-regional operation judgment method, we calculated the quantity, driving distance, harvesting duration, and harvested area. Following this, we obtained the corresponding figures for each region, including the quantity, harvested area, harvesting duration, and distance of harvesters. To further analyze the flow and reliance on harvesters, we examined these factors at the province, city, and district scales for each respective region.. Our analysis revealed that approximately 57.1% of the harvesters were involved in trans-district operation, covering approximately 80.09 % of the total harvested area by all harvesters. Furthermore, we identified 6 provinces, 82 cities and 588 districts with a significant reliance on nonlocal harvesters. The findings provide valuable insights for the government, agricultural machinery enterprises, and agricultural machinery operators to optimize decision-making and configuration schemes to enhance the overall operational efficiency of harvesters.

An Outlook on Processing Sweet Corn Production from the Last Three Decades (1990s–2010s)

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa or saccharate), consumed both fresh and processed (primarily canned or frozen), is a popular vegetable crop in the United States. Recent nationwide data have reported declining trends in sweet corn production, which poses serious challenges for the US processing sweet corn producers. Here, we evaluated a processing sweet corn dataset that represents nearly 3 decades (1992–2018) of commercial production in the Upper Midwest and the Pacific Northwest regions in an attempt to understand national trends in US processing sweet corn. The objectives of this study were to (a) quantify trends in processing sweet corn production (harvest area and total green ear mass production); (b) understand trends in planting date, plant population density, and hybrid lifespan; and (c) estimate interannual yield deviations in green ear mass yield. Our results reveal declining trends in sweet corn hectares, particularly in rainfed production systems of the Upper Midwest. For the past 3 decades of commercial sweet corn production, plant population density and planting dates used by vegetable processors have remained unchanged. Our analysis revealed a large range (1 to 20 years) in hybrid lifespan, which can be attributed to wide differences in hybrid yield stability across the diverse production environments in the United States. Rainfed production systems are becoming scarcer because sweet corn yields under rainfed conditions are particularly susceptible to severe weather, including heat and drought stress events. Future research is needed to understand sweet corn yields as a function of climatic and nonclimatic variables to stabilize the industry, particularly given predictions of a future with more frequent weather extremes.

Forest Disturbance and Disease: Exploring the Effects of Tree Harvesting Area on Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato Infection Risk, Vancouver Island, Canada, 1998-2014.

The disturbance of colonized trees and soil, such as through forestry activities, has been proposed to disperse soil- and tree-inhabiting fungal pathogens. Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato is one such pathogen that was detected on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, beginning in 1999 and caused human and animal illness. Our aim was to determine if C. gattii s.l. human case incidence on Vancouver Island was correlated with the intensity of landscape-level tree harvesting occurring near human settlement areas. We created buffers around human settlement areas with radii increments of , from 2.5 to , and summed the area of annual tree harvests occurring within each buffer zone. We then performed Spearman rank-order correlation to measure the association between case incidence and annual tree harvest intensity at each radius from 1998 through 2014. The incidence of C. gattii was positively correlated with tree harvesting intensity only at distances of (, ) and (, ) from human settlement areas. As annual tree harvesting area increased between 1999 and 2003, so did annual C. gattii incidence in humans, before both plateaued around 2002 and decreased after 2007. Our findings suggest that tree harvesting plays a role in the spread of C. gattii on Vancouver Island. This may be due to tree cutting or soil disturbance facilitating the aerosolization of spores to increase infection risk. This research also illustrates the contribution that geographic information systems can make to public health research on environmental disturbance and disease outbreaks. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12396.

The agronomic performance of ratoon and modified ratoon salibu in the multi-canopy rice cultivation system

The use of multi-canopy technology by intercropping and modified ratoon techniques called “salibu” in rice cultivation is expected to have the benefit the increasing yield potency through a vertical harvesting area and cropping index. The purpose of this study was to investigate rice growth and production by the modified ratoon salibu on a multi-canopy cropping system. The multi-canopy was performed by planting a short variety (Inpari 33 and Inpari 43) intercrop with a tall variety (IPB 9G). The short varieties were transplanted with growing space 4:1 with a distance of 30 to 15 cm, and the tall type was transplanted in between rows. After the main-crops were harvested, conventional and modified ratoon salibu were conducted and observed on growth and production. The performance of multi-canopy showed a higher yield compared to that of monoculture. The modified ratoon salibu technique was better than the conventional ratoon in most of the morphological and physiological traits, as well as for grain yield. Utilizing taller rice as intercropping for multi-canopy combined with modified ratoon salibu could be recommended for gaining the benefit of the cropping index as a land utilization strategy.

ANALISIS PENGARUH SUHU TERHADAP WARNA, DENSITAS, DAN VISKOSITAS MADU HUTAN LEBAH Apis dorsata DARI KECAMATAN LUNYUK-SUMBAWA

Sumbawa is one of the regions in Indonesia which is famous as a producer of forest honey produced by Apis dorsata bees. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of temperature on the color, density, and viscosity of Apis dorsata bee forest honey originating from Lunyuk District, Sumbawa. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with temperature as a treatment factor. The results of the research show that temperature has a significant effect on the color, density, and viscosity of forest honey harvested around September 2021 at the beginning of the rainy season in the harvest area and its surroundings. Color testing using a calorimeter that produces a value of L*&gt; 50 or light colored in various temperature treatments, namely 5oC, 26oC, and 35oC. Meanwhile, the density test showed the highest value, namely 1.48 g/m3 when the honey was at 5oC. Then, the highest viscosity value is 1.38 poise which also occurs when honey is at a temperature of 5oC. This shows that the best temperature for honey storage is 5oC compared to other temperature treatments.

Spatial and temporal harvest risk to polar bears in the Canadian Beaufort Sea

Subsistence harvest in Arctic marine ecosystems is influenced by sea ice conditions affecting species distributions, abundance, and accessibility. We tracked 78 polar bears ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) of different age, sex, and reproductive classes via satellite telemetry in the Canadian Beaufort Sea (2007–2014, n = 71 258). We assessed vulnerability to harvest (no/low/medium/high) based on telemetry data overlap with density of historical harvest locations (1985–1987, n = 121). All classes of polar bears were detected in historical harvest areas of low to high risk in greater proportion than expected from available area during the harvest period (January to ice breakup), and all but solitary adult females had &gt;50% of locations in the risk areas. Subadult males were proportionally more often inside risk areas yet were not observed in the high-risk areas. Other classes were observed &lt;1% of the time in high-risk areas yet still proportionally greater than expected from available area. Landfast ice has declined in the pre-melt (January–March) and end-of-harvest (June–July) seasons (1980–2021), with the rate of decline being greater in lower-risk areas ( p ≤ 0.05). With sea ice predicted to decline in the future, we suggest that polar bears in the Beaufort Sea may become more concentrated into areas of higher harvest risk.

Adaptation Test Variety of Cabbage Plant on the Reduction of Light Intensity

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value so it is widely cultivated by farmers in various countries. Data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Directorate General of Horticulture show that in 2013 the cabbage harvest area in Indonesia was 65,248 ha, with production of 1,480,625 tons and productivity of 22.69 tons / ha (Central Statistics Agency and Directorate General of Horticulture , 2013). Opportunities for cabbage business development are increasingly widespread. The general public began increasingly fond of cabbage because in addition to good taste and as a vegetable food ingredient also because it contains quite high nutrition. Climate elements such as air temperature, solar radiation, and humidity support and play an important role in plant production. This is because plants need climate elements, especially the intensity of solar radiation. Each plant requires a certain range of solar radiation intensity for its growth, there are plants that require high light intensity and some are low. Processes in plants that can be affected by light intensity are photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, nitrate reduction, protein synthesis, hormone production, translocation, aging, root growth and nitrate absorption (Struik and Deinum, 1982). In the development of cabbage cultivation one of the problems that has the potential to occur in the development of these plants is the low intensity of sunlight received by plants due to the shade of various objects or other plants so that plants do not get enough sunlight for their growth. Therefore, studies are needed to study how the adaptation of cabbage plants to a decrease in light intensity. According to Wolff and Coltman (1990) a reduction in the intensity of sunlight up to 30% to 47% can still be tolerated by cabbage plants. However, these conditions are apparently still within the limits of plant tolerance so that plant growth is not disrupted.

Trace elements in the culturally significant plant Sarracenia purpurea in proximity to dust sources in the oil sands region of Alberta, Canada

Accessible populations of plants are critical to the meaningful exercise of Aboriginal and treaty rights in Canada. In the oil sands region of Alberta, populations of culturally significant plant species overlap with extensive oil and gas development. This has led to a host of questions and concerns related to plant health and integrity from both Indigenous communities and western scientists. Here, we assessed trace element concentrations in the northern pitcher-plant (tsala’ t'ile; Sarracenia purpurea L.) with a focus on elements associated with fugitive dust and bitumen. Plant leaves were collected using clean methods and washed prior to analyses in an ultra-clean, metal-free laboratory. Pitcher-plant was an excellent model for assessing the impacts of industrial development on a culturally important, vulnerable species. Although concentrations of trace elements in pitcher-plant were low and not indicative of a toxicological concern, we saw clear dust signatures in plant tissues related to road and surface mine proximity. Elements associated with fugitive dust and bitumen extraction declined exponentially with increasing distance from a surface mine, a well-established regional pattern. However, our analyses also captured localized spikes in trace element concentrations within 300 m of unpaved roads. These local patterns are more poorly quantified at the regional scale but are indicative of the burden to Indigenous harvesters wishing to access plant populations that are not impacted by dust. Further work to directly quantify dust loads on culturally significant plants will help to define the amount of harvesting area lost to Indigenous communities due to dust impacts.