Division Of Area Research Articles

Integrated Flood Hazard Vulnerability Modeling of Neluwa (Sri Lanka) Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geospatial Techniques

This research aimed to apply the geospatial techniques and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to find vulnerable areas in terms of flooding in the Neluwa area, Sri Lanka. The study incorporated nine relevant criteria for the vulnerability classification under three sub-criteria; the built environment, physical environment, and socio-economic environment. Under the built environment, road networks and buildings were chosen as sub-criteria. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), slope, elevation, water bodies, and stream density were taken as physical criteria. Land use and population density were considered as socio-economic criteria. All the criteria are set correctly in raster data, and their contents were well adduced. The study consisted of the use of different levels of criteria and combinations of different processes. The analytical results reveal that 14.24% and 30.24% of the total area are at a very-high risk and high risk for flooding, respectively. Only 5.17% of the land was classified as a risk-free area. Eastern, central, and western divisions of the study area are highly vulnerable to floods due to their low slopes. Based on the produced maps, the spatial extents and levels of risk were systematically identified. Data obtained through qualitative judgments related to the field were validated based on the approach used. The potential of this approach is effective in assessing the spatial vulnerability of these flood-affected areas. Using such criteria and a model-based approach will be constructive in identifying different flood scenarios and in providing a remunerative guideline for potential anticipatory measures and better land-based planning in the area.

Availability of Se-rich Arable Land in High Geological Background Area and Suggestions for Zoning

In order to promote the results of land quality geochemical surveys to serve the development of characteristic land resources and realize the safe utilization of Se-rich resources in high geological background areas, Wuli Town, Qianjiang District, Chongqing City were taken as the research object to evaluate the Se-rich level and heavy metal content of soil crops and carry out research on Se-rich cultivated area division and the availability method system in the high geological background area, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of Se-rich resources and provide ideas for the safe utilization of Se-rich resources in high geological background areas. The results showed that the soil and crops in the study area were rich in Se and had the potential to develop Se-rich resources, but some samples had the problem of excessive Cd. Soil pH was a key factor affecting the content of Se and Cd in crops, and alkaline conditions were conducive to the safe utilization of Se-rich resources. The areas of Class A-E (A:selenium-enriched arable land, B:crops that were not selenium-enriched but were safe, C:crops that were selenium-enriched but unsafe, D:crops that were not selenium-enriched and unsafe, and E:soil selenium content less than the selenium-enriched threshold and soil heavy metals not exceeding the standard)cultivated land were 0.72, 0.75, 0.28, 0.13, and 0.56 km2, respectively. It is recommended to develop safe and Se-rich resources in the distribution area of Class A cultivated land and to carry out soil acidification conditioning and low-accumulation crops in the distribution area of Class C and D cultivated land; other agronomic measures should be taken to reduce the risk of excessive heavy metals in crops and strengthen the protection of cultivated land in the region to prevent the input of new pollutants.

Advanced PMSM speed control using fuzzy PI method for hybrid power control technique

In mobile electric drive systems, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) drive system is preferred for development because of its high efficiency, power density, and low maintenance cost advantages. The PMSM speed control method based on the active and reactive power control of the inverter eliminates the division of the control area based on the reference speed. In order to improve the ability to respond quickly to PMSM speed changes caused by load torque changes or reference speed changes, the article proposes a control method using an advanced Fuzzy PI controller instead of a traditional PI control in the speed control loop. The results obtained by simulation on MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the tracking control quality robustly remains at the working point in the steady state and simultaneously reduces the tracking error to the new reference speed and load torque values.

Virtual view synthesis using joint information from multi-view

Immersive media has attracted widespread attention with the development of virtual reality. Three Degree of Freedom Plus media greatly enhances the user experience by allowing users’ head motion and viewpoint switching within a certain range. Due to the limitation of panoramic video acquisition and transmission, it is impossible to obtain videos from any viewpoint directly. Virtual view synthesis is the general solution to this problem. However, existing algorithms do not adequately consider the pixel correlation between multiple views. Thus, we propose a virtual view synthesis algorithm using joint information from multi-view panoramic videos to further explore the pixel correlation. Specifically, sub-pixels from different reference views in the virtual view are obtained by performing multi-view three-dimensional image warping. Dedicated area division and interpolation methods are then designed to improve the synthesized quality. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art virtual view synthesis algorithms in performance and efficiency.

Detailed Study on Electronic Data Energy Consumption Monitoring System Based on the Construction of Internet of Things

Background: Buildings, in the traditional sense, are becoming increasingly incapable of meeting modern humans’ pursuit of high-quality living and working environments. With the increasing pace of urban development, modern buildings are becoming increasingly popular. Objective: We investigate an electronic data energy consumption monitoring system based on the construction of Internet of Things for the airport building. Aim: A model based on Dynamic Programming Genetic Algorithm (DPGA) is proposed to generate parameter and service models based on user scenarios. Methods: Two definitions are presented for the communication format between the middleware and the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN); the software and hardware functions of the nodes of the system's WSN are designed, and part of the node is implemented. Finally, the specific implementation of the application program interface and data interface between the modules of the middleware system are described considering the internal environment of a typical office building as an example. The deployment plan of system nodes in specific environments and the division of similar areas are discussed Results: The platform can strictly monitor and manage energy-consuming equipment. Conclusion: The proposed model can be used to achieve reasonable distribution of energy consumption, energy saving, and humanised and automated energy consumption monitoring functions in the office areas of large office buildings in modern cities.

Surface Bottom Sediments of the North Atlantic on the Transect along 59.5° N

An analysis of the lithological, isotope-geochemical, and micropaleontological parameters of the surface layer of bottom sediments in the North Atlantic was made at 26 stations on the profile along 59.5° N. The distribution of humidity and granulometric composition of sediments reflects vertical/circumcontinental zonality, since fine-grained and water-saturated material accumulates in the deepest parts of the Iceland Basin and the Labrador and Irminger seas, which are farthest from land. Larger masses of calcium carbonate are also formed there, but organic carbon is unevenly distributed. Both vertical/circumcontinental and climatic (circulation of the warm North Atlantic water) zonalities affect the mineral composition of the sediment fraction 0.063 mm. The accumulation of diatoms, radiolarians, and planktic foraminifers in sediments reflects both vertical/circumcontinental and, to a greater extent, climatic zonality. Variations in the isotopic oxygen and carbon ratios in the shells of benthic and planktic foraminifers require a complex interpretation involving data on the parameters of various surface and bottom water masses. The distribution of planktic microfossil assemblages according to cluster analysis shows areas of distribution of different water masses with a clear boundary along the eastern margin of the Subpolar Gyre. The distribution of “cluster” assemblages of benthic foraminifers does not correspond much to that of planktic microfossils, reflecting the division of the water area into abyssal and shallow water areas.

A STUDY ON CURRENT SITUATION OF AREA DIVISION SYSTEM IN DEPOPULATION PERIOD AND THE RELATION WITH URBAN FACILITY LOCATION PLAN

This study clarifies current situation of Area Division System after 2014 fiscal year and the relation with Urban Facility Location Plan with empirical methodology, targetting prefecture municipalities besides three metropolitan areas. Bipolarization by municipalities positively operating ADS and ones doing nothing appears as well as bipolarization with or without population frame. Regarding as additional designation of Urban Promotion Area, we identify 11 patterns. By analyzing them with UFLP, characteristic patterns are clarified. They’re ‘additional designation of industrial UPA outside Residential Inducing Area’, ‘additional designation of residential UPA in the station sphere with population frame, which could be in RIA’, etc.

Study on the mechanism of tunnel catastrophe in Xigeda formation considering the interbed effect

The Xigeda formation, widely distributed in southwestern China, is a special semi-diagenetic rock with horizontal bedding，which is mudding in water. In order to study the failure law, catastrophe characteristics and catastrophe mechanism of the interbed type to the surrounding rock and structure of Xigeda formation tunnel, this paper, by means of field investigation, indoor test, numerical simulation, field monitoring and theoretical research, relying on more than ten Xigeda formation tunnels in the Chengdu-Kunming double track railway, analyzes the apparent failure characteristics and catastrophe mechanism of the surrounding rock of Xigeda formation tunnels with different interbed types. The results show that: the catastrophe characteristics of Xigeda formation tunnel have certain water content sensitive area and influence area division of interbed type. The water content of Xigeda formation is 25% - 30% of the catastrophic critical region of Xigeda formation tunnel. In this critical region, the vault of the overlying Xigeda formation tunnel is prone to large deformation, the invert of the underlying Xigeda formation tunnel is prone to large uplift deformation, and the side wall and tunnel face of interlayer Xigeda formation tunnel are prone to large extrusion deformation; when the water content of Xigeda formation is 30%, it becomes a weak layer, and under the effect of interbed, the rock and soil of Xigeda formation are prone to large deformation, resulting in catastrophes by extruding the tunnel structure; based on the analysis of chemical effect, physical effect and mechanical effect, the structural components of interbed rock chemically react with water, leading to weakening of the strength and causing catastrophic effects. The catastrophic effect is similar to that of simply supported beam in the strong and weak regions of the interbed, while the weakening effect of the interlayer structural plane leads to the opening of the interlayer fracture plane of the tunnel surrounding rock and the large interlayer dislocation displacement, which forces the shear failure of the supporting structure. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical guidance for the Sichuan-Tibet railway to be constructed.

아네트 기곤과 마이크 가이에르 건축의 공동주택 색채사용방식

Annette Gigon and Mike Guyer are a group of architects who seek to diversify creative apartment houses architecture. Their architecture is spatially clear and logical, and has a simplicity of form derived from function. In particular, the method and system of introducing colors are closely formed in a way that corresponds to the architectural concept. Therefore, the method of using colors for their apartment houses was studied. The analysis method proceeded in terms of form, landscape, connection with materials, and residents. As a result, the division of spatial area and direction of shape perception by color, maintenance of concise form by matching the color of architectural elements and basic walls, differentiation by formation of original color palettes between buildings in the complex, and color matching with architectural elements based on materials, texture change of materials centered on public space, strengthening experience and imparting intimacy through emphasized colors were the main characteristics. This method of using colors leads to a close connection with the concept of architecture, and is considered an advanced method of using colors for sustainable apartment houses.

Marine Ecological Function Zoning and Management Countermeasures: A Case Study of the Sea Area of Zhejiang Province

The contradiction between the development of marine resources and ecological protection in Zhejiang is prominent, which restricts the high-quality and continuous supply of marine ecological products. As a result, the efficient maintenance of the ecological security pattern of inshore waters relies on the scientific division of marine ecological function zones and the management and maintenance of zoning areas. This paper constructs a technical framework for marine ecological function zoning from the aspects of marine ecosystem health, marine ecosystem diversity and economic and social development balance using GIS-based overlay analysis and the three-dimensional matrix discriminant model to divide marine ecological function zones in the managed waters of Zhejiang Province. The results indicate that the managed sea areas in Zhejiang Province are divided into ten marine ecological function areas, including three marine ecological supply areas (54%), four marine mariculture and resting areas (24%) and three marine ecological restoration areas (22%). As per the zoning results of the marine ecological function, this study further proposes protection and management strategies for different zoning units, in the hopes of providing technical support and practical reference for the division and management of marine ecological function areas in other sea areas.

Exact and Heuristic Multi-Robot Dubins Coverage Path Planning for Known Environments.

Coverage path planning (CPP) of multiple Dubins robots has been extensively applied in aerial monitoring, marine exploration, and search and rescue. Existing multi-robot coverage path planning (MCPP) research use exact or heuristic algorithms to address coverage applications. However, several exact algorithms always provide precise area division rather than coverage paths, and heuristic methods face the challenge of balancing accuracy and complexity. This paper focuses on the Dubins MCPP problem of known environments. Firstly, we present an exact Dubins multi-robot coverage path planning (EDM) algorithm based on mixed linear integer programming (MILP). The EDM algorithm searches the entire solution space to obtain the shortest Dubins coverage path. Secondly, a heuristic approximate credit-based Dubins multi-robot coverage path planning (CDM) algorithm is presented, which utilizes the credit model to balance tasks among robots and a tree partition strategy to reduce complexity. Comparison experiments with other exact and approximate algorithms demonstrate that EDM provides the least coverage time in small scenes, and CDM produces a shorter coverage time and less computation time in large scenes. Feasibility experiments demonstrate the applicability of EDM and CDM to a high-fidelity fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) model.

Intercomparison and Assessment of Stand-Alone and Wavelet-Coupled Machine Learning Models for Simulating Rainfall-Runoff Process in Four Basins of Pothohar Region, Pakistan

The science of hydrological modeling has continuously evolved under the influence of rapid advancements in software and hardware technologies. Starting from simple rational formulae for estimating peak discharge and developing into sophisticated univariate predictive models, accurate conversion of rainfall into runoff and the assessment of inherent uncertainty has been a prime focus for researchers. Therefore, alternative data-driven methods have gained widespread attention in hydrology. Moreover, scientists often couple conventional machine learning models with data pre-processing techniques, i.e., wavelet transformation (WT), to enhance modelling accuracy. In this context, this research work attempts to explore the latent linkage between rainfall and runoff in Pothohar region of Pakistan by developing a novel linkage of five streamline techniques of machine learning, including single decision tree (SDT), decision tree forest (DTF), tree boost (TB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and gene expression modeling (GEP), with a more sophisticated variant of WT, i.e., maximal overlap discrete wavelet transformation (MODWT), for boundary correction of the transformed components of timeseries data. This study also implements these machine learning models in a stand-alone mode for a more comprehensive comparative analysis of performances. Furthermore, the study uses a combined-basin approach that divides Pothohar region into two basins to compensate for the complex topographic division of the study area. The results indicate that MODWT-based DTF outperformed other stand-alone and hybrid models in terms of modeling accuracy. In the first scenario, considering the Bunha-Kahan River basin, MODWT-DTF yielded the highest NSE (0.86) and the lowest RMSE (220.45 mm) and R2 (0.92 at lag order 3 (Lo3)) when transformed with daubechies4 (db4) at level three. While in the Soan-Haro River basin, MODWT-DTF produced the highest accuracy modeling at lag order 4 (Lo4) (NSE = 0.88, RMSE = 21.72 m3/s, and R2 = 0.91). The highly accurate performance of 3- and 4-days lagged models reflects the temporal consistency in hydrological response of the study area. The comparison of simple and hybrid model performance indicates up to a 55% increase in modeling accuracy due to data pre-processing with wavelet transformation.

Equalizing service probability in UAV-assisted wireless powered mmWave networks for post-disaster rescue

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in the areas where ground network infrastructure is inadequate (or crippled by accidents and disasters) to provide services for ground user equipments (UEs). However, the existing related works cannot serve ground UEs fairly. Due to the original intention of post-disaster emergency network construction with the highest goal of saving lives, fair access service for ground UEs is particularly important in this scenario. Therefore, we address this problem by jointly optimizing the number of service grids, the flight trajectory and the hovering position of a UAV. Firstly, an adaptive area division and consolidation (AADC) method is proposed to optimize the number of service grids of a UAV. Then, a new fair service policy is designed to plan the UAV flight trajectory. Finally, the hovering position of UAV is optimized in each service grid to improve service efficiency. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme both ensures fairness of services to ground UEs and improves system throughput.

Lung Cancer Detection Using Neural Net

Abstract: Leukemia is a sort of blood threatening development which happens due touncommon development in WBCs (white platelets) in bone marrow of human body. Leukemia can be appointed serious leukemia and progressing leukemia, affected severely and causes malignant growth. In the vast majority of the cases early in which serious leukemia turns out to be astoundingly fast however steady leukemia creates slowly .Among all kinds of kinds of developments, cell breakdown in the lungs is the most overwhelming contamination having the most critical passing rate. Dealt with tomography investigates are utilized for ID of lung hurt as it gives unmistakable image of harmful development in the body and tracks its development. Picture dealing with systems are utilized generally in clinical fields for beginning stage affirmation of cell breakdown in the lungs. The calculation for cell breakdown in the lungs disclosure is proposed utilizing strategies, for example, focus disconnecting for picture pre-dealing with followed by division of lung area of interest utilizing numerical morphological endeavors. Mathematical parts are dealt with from the eliminated district of interest and used to bundle CT channel pictures into typical and abnormal by utilizing support vector machine. Further both the sorts have two sub arrangements lymphocytic and myeloid. In this paper, we will explore different picture dealing with and Man-made intelligence procedures used for request of leukemia area and endeavor to focus in on advantages and limitations of different similar investigates to summarize an result which will be valuable for various experts.

Long-distance transport of clastic material revealed by monazite and muscovite dating: Albian arenites, extra-Carpathian Poland

The absolute ages based on chemical UPb dating of monazite (CHIME) and 40Ar/39Ar muscovite were used for provenance determination of the Albian arenites of the southern part of the extra-Carpathian Poland. The ages of detrital monazites allowed a division of the study area into two domains: western and eastern, related to the Miechów and Lublin areas respectively. The western domain is characterized by a unimodal distribution of monazite ages – 330–380 Ma that unequivocally indicates a Variscan provenance of the detrital monazite. The muscovite 40Ar/39Ar method applied to a western domain sample yielded a primary 360.0 ± 1.21 Ma age, confirming a Variscan source of the detrital material. The eastern domain is characterized by a polymodal distribution of monazite ages and is further divided into two subdomains: northeastern and southeastern. Both subdomains are characterized by a polymodal distribution of monazite ages peaking at 390–490 Ma; 0.8–1.1 Ga; ca. 1.5 Ga and ca. 1.8 Ga, indicating the Caledonian, Sveconorwegian, Hallandian-Danopolonian plus Gothian and Svecofennian origins of the detrital monazite. The southeastern subdomain additionally has a significant amount of detrital monazite with 330–380 Ma ages, suggesting a notable influence of a Variscan source. The 40Ar/39Ar muscovite data from the northeastern subdomain sample, ca. 476.4 ± 1.27 and subordinate 496.4 ± 2.83 Ma, confirms that a Caledonian source area was active during sedimentation of the Albian deposits. Detrital muscovite from southeastern subdomain sample yielded two ages: 478.1 ± 3.71 Ma and 502.1 ± 0.65 Ma also indicating a Caledonian age of the detrital muscovite. The monazite and muscovite data indicate at least two independent main ultimate source areas: the Bohemian Massif for the Miechów area (western domain) and the Baltic Shield for the Lublin area (eastern domain). The results document an over 1200 km long transport of clastic material in the Central European Sedimentary Basin during the Albian.

Experimental Study on Fan Aerodynamic Noise Variation Characteristics under Non-Proportional Variation Law

This paper presents the noise characteristics of axial fans in the process of variable frequency adjustment, so as to clarify the basis of frequency adjustment and high-risk area division for practical purposes. In the aerodynamic performance experiment, 11 kinds of operating conditions (OC) were divided into 3 groups, and the air flow rate and power consumption were measured. At the same time, an aerodynamic noise experiment was carried out, and nine measuring points were selected to test the noise of the air inlet and shell. The data showed that the aerodynamic performance parameters have the characteristics of non-proportional law. The maximum ventilation coefficient of OC2, OC7, OC11 is 3.9%, and its noise always has a negative growth rate. Furthermore, the typical OC were selected from all experiments, and broadband noise and discrete noise analyses were performed. The results indicated that the fan noise of the changes under variable frequency adjustment may come from boundary layer noise and shedding noise. In addition, the fundamental frequency sound pressure level of discrete noise is the highest in the whole frequency band. At the high-speed condition, the contribution of higher harmonics to the fan overall noise increases, but the broadband noise is still the dominant noise. Finally, the noise rating was introduced, and the high-risk noise index was divided for the noise of the air inlet and the shell. It was found that the main noise variation index of typical OC mostly exceeded the high-risk noise index, and the main target frequency band of noise control is 250–4000 Hz.

Modeling on Urban Land Use Characteristics and Urban System of the Traditional Chinese Era (1930s) Based on the Historical Military Topographic Map

The quantitative urban system structure in historical periods and the long time-scale urban land area grid dataset with spatial attributes are important for land use and land cover change (LUCC) research. In this study, we aimed to measure the area of county level and above cities in mainland China in the 1930s, also known as the traditional Chinese era (TCE), using a geographic information system (GIS) model and 1:50,000 military topographic maps. Furthermore, we aimed to identify the structure and characteristics of the urban system in the TCE according to the administrative area division using methods such as the rank size law. The results of this study revealed that 1265 county level and above cities existed in the TCE, including 25 provincial level or above cities, 179 prefectural level cities, and 1061 county level cities. The total land area of all of the cities was 1396.48 km2, with a mean value of 1.1 km2 and a standard deviation of 2.37 km2. The rank-size analysis indicated that the urban system in TCE was characterized by large cities with insignificant development (q = 0.829 < 1, R2 = 0.905). The results of the Lorenz curve and Moran analyses showed that the spatial distribution of the urban systems in China during the traditional period exhibited nonuniform agglomeration. Large-scale military topographic maps of historical periods have proven to be a good source for land use reconstruction. The 1° × 1° grid urban land area dataset constructed based on a GIS model in the TCE is important for future research on historical LUCC and can provide basic data for climate change models, urban economic history, and other disciplines.

Understanding small-scale COVID-19 transmission dynamics with the Granger causality test

Mobility patterns have been broadly studied and deeply altered due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this paper, we study small-scale COVID-19 transmission dynamics in the city of Valencia and the potential role of subway stations and healthcare facilities in this transmission. A total of 2,398 adult patients were included in the analysis. We study the temporal evolution of the pandemic during the first six months at a small-area level. Two Voronoi segmentations of the city (based on the location of subway stations and healthcare facilities) have been considered, and we have applied the Granger causality test at the Voronoi cell level, considering both divisions of the study area. Considering the output of this approach, the so-called ‘donor stations’ are subway stations that have sent more connections than they have received and are mainly located in interchanger stations. The transmission in primary healthcare facilities showed a heterogeneous pattern. Given that subway interchange stations receive many cases from other regions of the city, implementing isolation measures in these areas might be beneficial for the reduction of transmission.

Geomorphological Classification of Western Western Doon of Dehra, Uttarakhand (India)

Morphological units are those sections of landforms, which have uniform morphological property. The identification of morphological or terrain units is an exercise of regional classification of terrain with similar properties on varying scales. Morpho units enable the planners to determine land use planning, infrastructure development and natural resource management. Such type of terrain classification also highlights the hazardous unit, particularly in mountainous areas. Doon of Dehra is an important geomorphic unit in terms of both natural and cultural point of view. Dehradun, which is the capital city of Uttarakhand is also situated in this geomorphic unit. So, it becomes important to delineate the unit in smaller geomorphic units for proper land use planning and infrastructural development and to mitigate the hazards as well. Topographical sheets published by the government of India are the database of study. In the present study ‘principle component analysis’ based on the centroid method of Holziger and Herman (1941) has been adopted as this is manageable manually. The components, like - relief, drainage derivatives and slope has been taken for meso and micro level division of area into morpho units. The study area consists of 4 major morpho units and 28 micro units.

Improved Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Area Division With Application in Multi-UAV Task Assignment

Improved Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Area Division With Application in Multi-UAV Task Assignment