Area De Research Articles

Pulidores de piedra pómez en la costa sur del Golfo de Bizkaia (España)

espanolSe han estudiado tres pulidores de piedra pomez con ranuras de caracteristicas formales y huellas de uso muy similares. Dos han sido hallados en el nivel III del yacimiento de la cueva de Santa Catalina (Lekeitio, Bizkaia); este nivel ha proporcionado un abundante y variado conjunto tecnoindustrial del Magdaleniense superior, datado en el Tardiglaciar. El tercero procede de un nivel Magdaleniense de la cueva de Aitzbitarte IV (Errenteria, Gipuzkoa). La funcion de estos objetos esta relacionada con los procesos de fabricacion de agujas o apuntados en hueso, asta u otras materias como la madera. Pulidores semejantes del mismo periodo cultural, tambien en piedra pomez, se han localizado en un territorio relativamente limitado, en el suroeste de Francia, junto a la Cordillera pirenaica. El area de localizacion de todos estos utiles era cercana a la costa, ecosistema en el que seria recogida la piedra pomez arrastrada por las corrientes marinas hasta el litoral del Golfo de Bizkaia, del que se difundiria hacia zonas interiores. EnglishThree fragments of pumice stone have been recovered at two sites near the southern coast of the Bay of Biscay, with extensive grooves and traces of wear caused by their use as polishers. Two come from level III of the Santa Catalina cave, dating from between 12900 and 15000 Cal BP, and one from level IV of Aitzbitarte IV, with no radiocarbon dating. All three were found in Magdalenian cultural contexts. The most plausible hypothesis concerning their acquisition is that they were picked up on the beaches near the settlements. The Santa Catalina cave, now open on a cliff, was about 5 km from the coast at that time. The archaeological record from level III of Santa Catalina attests to the fact that its occupants fished extensively and collected marine resources during the final phases of the Late Glacial. The Aitzbitarte IV cave was not far from the sea either. A small number of similar tools were found on the northern slope of the Pyrenees, which have also been attributed to the same cultural period. With the exception of one found in a cave in the central Pyrenees, they all lie in a small area of south-western France, in settlements close to each other. These pumice stones must have had a similar origin to the specimens found in the cavities along the Cantabrian coast: volcanic areas in the Arctic or the Caribbean, from where they would have floated, carried by the sea currents. It is very possible that it was obtained by being collected on the Atlantic paleo-coast, although it cannot be ruled out that, in some cases, it was due to exchanges between neighbouring communities. These types of tools have been linked to working with hard animal materials, in particular with making needles or other pointed objects, although we should not rule out other possible uses.

A new genus and new species in the tribe Uramyini (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica.

BackgroundWe describe one new genus and its one new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. Our study provides a concise description of this new species using morphology, life history, molecular data and photographic documentation.New informationChorotegamyia gen. n. is described, along with its type species, Chorotegamyia aureofacies sp. n. A modified key to the Uramyini is given to further elucidate the tribe.

Asturodes Amsel (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae): Three New Species from the Western Hemisphere and Food Plant Records from Area de ConservaciÓn Guanacaste, Costa Rica

AsturodesAmsel, 1956, a Neotropical genus of distinctive pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with dark brown lines and silver scales on a yellow ground color on the wings and abdomen, is revised. As defined herein, the genus includes four species: A. fimbriauralis Guenee, the type species, A. bioalfae Solis, new species, A. encisoensis Solis, new species, and A. junkoshimurae Solis, new species. During this study, a petaloid scale formed by a group of coalesced setae in the abdominal androconial organs of the male genitalia was discovered and illustrated for the first time. Androconial organs in the Pyraloidea are briefly discussed. The type species and two new species, A. junkoshimurae, new species and A. bioalfae, new species, were reared from larvae feeding on the leaves of Rhamnaceae in the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica representing 913 rearing events. This contribution is part of a long-term inventory of ACG caterpillars, their food plants, and their parasitoids, that includes COI DNA barcoding of specimens for discovery and identification.

Estudio de utilización de fármacos para el trastorno del déficit de atención e hiperactividad

La enfermedad del trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TADH) es un trastorno crónico que se inicia en la infancia y perdura hasta la edad adulta pudiendo por tanto afectar tanto a niños como adolescentes y adultos.Posee un diagnóstico complejo y son varias las causas que puedan intervenir en la aparición de este trastorno tales como el sexo, la edad, la etapa del desarrollo y el entorno social y cultural.El TADH tiene diferentes manifestaciones clínicas y según esto, al paciente se le indicará un tratamiento no farmacológico, tratamiento farmacológico o la combinación de ambos.El objetivo principal de nuestro trabajo es analizar en el Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla (AGSSS) a los pacientes actualmente tratados para el TADH con metilfenidato, lisdexanfetamina, guanfacina y atomoxetina.?Ha sido recopilada toda la información del historial clínico de los pacientes que tienen recetados estos cuatro fármacos en nuestra Área, valorando el grado de adecuación de los tratamientos. Para ello se va a seguir el algoritmo de tratamiento para el TADH propuesto por el CADIME 2017.A la vista de los resultados obtenidos concluimos que hay una falta de seguimiento de los pacientes y una prolongación de tratamiento en el tiempo.

Geoprocessing and spatial analysis for identifying leptospirosis risk areas: a systematic review.

ABSTRACTLeptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira sp. with global importance in the medical and veterinary fields, being responsible for about 59 thousand deaths each year in the world. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the health sector is propitious and has been adopted by human and animal health professionals as an important tool in spatial analyses of health. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the geoprocessing and spatial analysis techniques adopted for mapping risk areas of human and animal leptospirosis. The articles were collected on scientific platforms by entering the following terms: SIG/GIS, leptospirose/leptospirosis, area de risco/risk area and distribuicao espacial/spatial distribution, and included in the study if they met the following criteria: a) publication in the period from 1998 to 2017; b) identification of risk areas and/or spatial distribution of leptospirosis as one of the research topics; and c) application of GIS in the methodology. As a result, we found 40 articles, published by 15 different countries, which adopted GIS for the spatial analysis and identification of risk areas of leptospirosis. Among these, only 45% (18) conducted an spatial statistical analysis. Brazil and USA had the highest numbers of publications, 16 and 7 articles, respectively. From 2007, the use of GIS and spatial analysis techniques, applied to the theme of this study, have been intensified and diversified, and 93% of the articles elected for this review were published from 2007 to 2017. The results point to a progressive interest of health professionals in applying these techniques for monitoring and conducting epidemiological analyses of leptospirosis, besides indicating a greater need for intersectoral integration between health professionals and others, in the use of spatial analysis and GIS techniques.

El giro posmoderno en la archivología

Artículo evaluado por pares
 La presente comunicación versa alrededor del llamado“giro posmoderno” en la archivología, a partir del impactoproducido por una serie de textos, entre los que se cuen-tan no sólo Mal de Archivo de Jacques Derrida sino tam-bién otros, firmados por archivistas como Eric Ketelaar,Terry Cook y Lucia María Velloso de Oliveira, a lo que sesumó dos factores fundamentales: la “revolución informá-tica” y las nuevas demandas y necesidades de la sociedadcivil frente al archivo en tanto institución, y, por ende, losnuevos desafíos que se les presentan a los profesionalesque trabajan allí. Respecto a esto último, se esboza un es-tudio de caso: el trabajo que se viene desarrollando en el“Área de Archivos y Colecciones Particulares” del Centrode Documentación e Investigación de la Cultura de Izquier-das (CeDInCI).
 Recibido el 03/07/2019Aceptado el 28/08/2019

Declining abundance of beetles, moths and caddisflies in the Netherlands

Abstract Recently, reports of insect declines prompted concerns with respect to the state of insects at a global level. Here, we present the results of longer‐term insect monitoring from two locations in the Netherlands: nature development area De Kaaistoep and nature reserves near Wijster. Based on data from insects attracted to light in De Kaaistoep, macro‐moths (macro‐Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera) have declined in the mean number of individuals counted per evening over the period of 1997–2017, with annual rates of decline of 3.8, 5.0 and 9.2%, respectively. Other orders appeared stable [true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera)] or had uncertainty in their trend estimate [lacewings (Neuroptera)]. Based on 48 pitfall traps near Wijster, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) showed a mean annual decline of 4.3% in total numbers over the period of 1985–2016. Nonetheless, declines appeared stronger after 1995. For macro‐moths, the mean of the trends of individual species was comparable to the annual trend in total numbers. Trends of individual ground beetle species, however, suggest that abundant species performed worse than rare ones. When translated into biomass estimates, our calculations suggest a reduction in total biomass of approximately 61% for macro‐moths as a group and at least 42% for ground beetles, by extrapolation over a period of 27 years. Heavier ground beetles and macro‐moths did not decline more strongly than lighter species, suggesting that heavy species did not contribute disproportionately to biomass decline. Our results broadly echo recent reported trends in insect biomass in Germany and elsewhere.

MAPPING THREATS TO THE ORCHID POPULATIONS IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA IN BAHIA, NORTHEAST BRAZIL

The Area de Protecao Ambiental das Lagoas e Dunas do Abaete (APA Abaete) is an environmentally protected restinga fragment located in an urban area in the municipality of Salvador, the third most populous municipality in Brazil. We presented an updated list of Orchidaceae in APA Abaete, including data on population size, aiming to support effective conservation strategies for orchids in Atlantic Forest remnants in the state. We carried out intensive fieldwork during October 2014 and February 2018, and analyzed several collections from Brazilian herbaria. Photographs, maps, short taxonomic notes and ecological information of the species are provided. We divided APA Abaete into 16 plots (each with about 1.9 km 2 ) to facilitate the discussion regarding local conservation actions. We found 15 genera and 19 species, including highly ornamental orchids (e.g. Brassavola tuberculata and Encyclia dichroma ). Most species are terricolous and occur in the restinga forest formation (68%). We recognized six species as new occurrences for APA Abaete: Catasetum roseoalbum , Eltroplectris calcarata , Habenaria schenckii , Liparis nervosa , Pelexia viridis and Prescottia leptostachya . Epistephium williamsii , Galeandra montana , H. schenckii , P. viridis and Vanilla palmarum deserve immediate conservation actions in order to avoid local extinctions. The mentioned species form small populations (less than 50 individuals) and/or are restricted to up to three plots. Deforestation, occasional changes in habitats, including illegal collection of plants, urban growth of the neighborhoods, and the possible expansion of the international airport in Salvador may drastically reduce the population sizes of the orchids present. Cyrtopodium parviflorum and Koellensteinia florida may be extinct locally; they were last collected last century and recent attempts to find them in the area were unsuccessful. Conservation efforts must include the management of species, environmental educational actions and the permanent control and surveillance of the area.

Diagnóstico das atividades de educação ambiental em unidades de conservação: propondo ações no contexto atual

O presente trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico das atividades de educação ambiental em Unidades de Conservação, faz um levantamento dos problemas enfrentados pelas UCs e propõe ações para auxiliar na efetividade destas atividades. O estudo foi realizado através de um questionário onde seis UCs responderam à pesquisa: Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra e Parque Nacional da Serra Geral, Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí e Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Parque Estadual de Itapeva, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande e Parque Natural Municipal Morro do Osso. Todas as UCs informaram realizar alguma atividade de educação ambiental, com exceção da APA Banhado Grande. O principal problema citado para a não realização das atividades é a falta de incentivo financeiro e falta de pessoal. Sobre as necessidades para a efetividade das ações e alcance dos objetivos da UC, foram citadas: a falta de recursos humanos, capacitação de pessoal, recursos financeiros e fiscalização. Ações propostas pelo estudo para auxiliar a gestão e tornar ações efetivas, incluem: diagnóstico rápido participativo, pesquisas de educação ambiental em UC, parcerias com outras instituições, capacitação de educadores ambientais, estratégias de arrecadação de recursos financeiros, monitoramento e acompanhamento da efetividade das atividades.

V Encontro ARJ; II Fórum Nacional de Editores de Periódicos da Área de Artes, 2017: Expediente

Ficha técnica, expediente e informações do V Encontro Art Research Journal: Políticas Editoriais e Internacionalização; II Fórum Nacional de Editores de Periódicos da Área de Artes, realizado em São Paulo, 26 e 27 de maio de 2017, no Instituto de Artes da UNESP.

A new species of Trismegistomya Reinhard (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica

BackgroundThe New World genus Trismegistomya Reinhard, 1967b (Diptera: Tachinidae) previously included only the type species Trismegistomya pumilis (Reinhard, 1967a) from Arizona, U.S.A.New informationWe describe a new species of Trismegistomya, Trismegistomya jimoharai Fleming & Wood sp. n., from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica, reared from wild-caught caterpillars of Melipotis januaris (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Our study provides a concise description of the new species using morphology, life history, molecular data and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species description, we provide a redescription of the genus, as well as of its type species Trismegistomya pumilis.

A revision of Dolichogenidea (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with the second mediotergite broadly rectangular from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

The first species of Dolichogenidea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with the second mediotergite broadly quadrate to rectangular are revised, and eight new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica are described, all authored by Fernandez-Triana & Boudreault: alejandromasisi, angelagonzalezae, carlosmanuelrodriguezi, genuarnunezi, josealfredohernandezi, melaniamunozae, rogerblancoi, and yeimycedenoae. A new species group (carlosmanuelrodriguezi) within the genus is proposed to accommodate those species, as well as additional undescribed species from the Neotropical region found in collections. All new species are found in rainforests (120–900 m) and all are parasitoids of Depressariidae (except for one species parasitizing Choreutidae). The unique shape of the second mediotergite and long ovipositor are features shared with the alejandromorai species group in the genus Apanteles, an example of convergent evolution; both wasp groups also parasitize similar hosts in ACG.

Impact of timber harvesting on carbon storage in montane forests of central Mexico

Cut stumps are the legacy of forest harvesting and allow for the estimation of carbon loss from the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to estimate aboveground carbon storage and the impact of forest harvesting based on measurements of cut stumps in pine forests within the Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca (APFFNT) in the state of Mexico. A total of 1621 circular 0.1-ha sampling plots were established in a 12,924 ha pine forest (1.25% sampling intensity). Biomass was calculated using conventional volumetric equations incorporating species-specific wood densities. Aboveground carbon storage in the biomass was stratified by forest type including dense forest (≥ 336 trees), semi-dense forest ( 150 trees), fragmented forest ( 20 trees), and stands with isolated trees (< 20 trees). In the 12, 924 ha of forest dominated by Pinus hartwegii, 1,695,004 MgC was contained in aboveground biomass. Data on forest harvesting obtained by analysis of recent cut stumps allowed for the estimation of the removal of 42,701 MgC. In addition, we accounted for carbon in wind thrown trees of 14,904 MgC, some of which were removed over time in harvests. Total loss of carbon from the forest corresponded to 211,218 MgCO2 per year. In the APFFNT, forests dominated by pine with high biomass (P. hartwegii and P. montezumae) are being replaced by those with lower biomass (Alnus jorullensis). Changes in these communities will result in lower carbon capture in the APFFNT.

Evidencia fotográfica del guajolote norteño (Meleagris gallopavo) en el bosque La Primavera, Jalisco, México

El guajolote norteño (Meleagris gallopavo) se distribuye en México en la región noreste y la vertiente oriental (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí), así como en el centro-occidente hacia el norte a lo largo de la Sierra Madre Occidental (Jalisco, Zacatecas, Nayarit, Durango, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Sonora). Reportamos dos registros de la especie para el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna La Primavera, en Jalisco. Obtuvimos los registros fotográficos el 12 de mayo y el 24 de junio de 2017, en bosque de pino (1580 msnm) y bosque de encino-pino (1589 msnm), distantes entre sí 790 m. Estos registros son relevantes ya que confirman la permanencia de la especie en la reserva, cuya presencia no había sido reportada previo al año 2014. Adicionalmente, la cercanía de los registros a la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, hace que su detección y reporte periódico sea importante para acciones de conservación y manejo que promuevan su permanencia a largo plazo en la reserva.

Nematode Parasites of Rodents (Sigmodontinae) and Update of Those Recorded in Other Wild Mammals from Costa Rica

Between June 1998 and July 1999, 3 Alfaro's rice rats (Handleyomys alfaroi) and 3 Bolivar rice rats (Transandinomys bolivaris) from the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica, were examined for parasites. Adult nematodes representing 4 taxa were collected: Physaloptera calnuensis, Stilestrongylus hidalguensis, and Syphacia sp. (from H. alfaroi) and in T. bolivaris. This report represents the first record for P. calnuensis and S. hidalguensis in Costa Rica; furthermore, this is the first time these helminths have been documented infecting H. alfaroi and T. bolivaris. Based on this study and in the compilation of information related to the nematodes described in wild Costa Rican mammals, we determined that 68 helminth taxa have been registered so far (35 named species and 33 taxa) parasitizing 29 species of mammals.

Heat Capacity Prediction of Ionic Liquids Based on Quantum Chemistry Descriptors

Heat capacity is an important and fundamental physicochemical property of ionic liquids (ILs). Here, a new class of quantum chemical descriptor, namely electrostatic potential surface area (SEP) de...

Caracterização socioeconômica da área de proteção ambiental das ilhas e várzeas do rio Paraná no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

A análise de aspectos socioeconômicos é fundamental para a gestão ambiental, sendo a utilização de indicadores uma importante ferramenta para fornecer tais informações. O modelo de rede causal DPSIR (Forças-motrizes, Pressão, Estado, Impacto, Resposta) para estruturação de indicadores foi usado para realizar a caracterização socioeconômica dos municípios sul-mato-grossenses da Área de Proteção Ambiental das Ilhas e Várzeas do rio Paraná (APA IVAP), a partir de dados secundários disponíveis em sites oficiais na internet. Foi constatado que a população da região apresenta uma condição socioeconômica, de modo geral, inferior à média do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Tal condição, além da ausência do plano de manejo para a APA IVAP são fatores que, possivelmente, representam uma ameaça aos serviços ecossistêmicos da região.

Cartografía Temática del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca y Propuesta de Senderos Geoturísticos

El Nevado de Toluca es, desde 2013, un Área Natural Protegida en la categoría de Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna de acuerdo con la legislación mexicana. El volcán cuenta con fácil acceso y con una alta afluencia de visitantes, sin embargo, no cuenta con información orientativa y visible in situ, lo cual favorece el deterioro de la zona y las situaciones de riesgo por no conocer las precauciones al adentrarse a una zona de alta y media montaña.&#x0D; Este proyecto presenta una estrategia de fomento a la conservación del entorno natural a través de una serie de mapas que contienen el área cratérica del volcán y sus alrededores, donde se muestra la ubicación de rutas de montaña, bicicleta y senderos interpretativos, así como información contextualizada sobre salud y prevención, además de su geología, historia eruptiva y biodiversidad. Así mismo, se espera que la consulta o uso in situ por parte de los visitantes de la zona, mitigará las situaciones de riesgo y disminuirá los accidentes de montaña provocados por desconocimiento.

Revision of the Mesoamerican species of Calolydella Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) and description of twenty-three new species reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica.

BackgroundTwenty-three new species of the genus Calolydella Townsend, 1927 (Diptera: Tachinidae) are described, all reared from multiple species of wild-caught caterpillars across a wide variety of families (Lepidoptera: Crambidae; Erebidae; Geometridae; Hesperiidae; Lycaenidae; Nymphalidae; Pieridae; Riodinidae; and Sphingidae). All caterpillars were collected within Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This study provides a concise description of each new species using morphology, life history, molecular data, and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, we also provide a generic redescription and revised key to species of the genus Calolydella from Central and South America.New informationThe following 23 new species of Calolydella are described by Fleming and Wood: C. adelinamoralesae sp. n., C. alexanderjamesi sp. n., C. argentea sp. n., C. aureofacies sp. n., C. bicolor sp. n., C. bifissus sp. n., C. crocata sp. n., C. destituta sp. n., C. discalis sp. n., C. erasmocoronadoi sp. n., C. felipechavarriai sp. n., C. fredriksjobergi sp. n., C. inflatipalpis sp. n., C. interrupta sp. n., C. nigripalpis sp. n., C. omissa sp. n., C. ordinalis sp. n., C. renemalaisei sp. n., C. susanaroibasae sp. n., C. tanyadapkeyae sp. n., C. tenebrosa sp. n., C. timjamesi sp. n., C. virginiajamesae sp. n. Lydella frugale Curran, 1934 is proposed as a new synonym of Pygophorinia peruviana Townsend, 1927, syn. n., under the combination Calolydella frugale (Curran, 1934), comb. n.

A new species of Voria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica.

BackgroundWe describe a new species in the genus Voria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Voriini) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. It was reared as part of an ongoing inventory of wild-caught caterpillars spanning a variety of moth and butterfly families (Lepidoptera). Our study provides a concise description of the new species using morphology, life history, molecular data, and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, we provide a diagnosis of the genus as well as new data relating to host use.New informationThe following new species of Voria is described: Voria erasmocoronadoi Fleming & Wood sp. n.The following are proposed by Fleming & Wood as new synonyms of Voria: Xenoplagia Townsend, 1914 syn. n., Hystricovoria Townsend, 1928 syn. n., Afrovoria Curran, 1938 syn. n., and Anavoria Mesnil, 1953 syn. n., and Itavoria Townsend, 1931 syn. n.The following new combinations are proposed as a result of the new synonymies: Voria bakeri (Townsend, 1928), comb. n. and Voria setosa (Townsend, 1914), comb. n.The authors also propose Voria pollyclari (Rocha-e-Silva, Lopes & Della Lucia, 1999), comb. n. based on the morphology of the holotype.