Arduino UNO Research Articles

A Tomato Sorting Automation Prototype Based on Color

Abstract—The process of sorting tomatoes can be done using visual methods by paying attention to color. The purpose of this research is to improve the process of sorting tomatoes based on color in distinguishing ripe tomatoes and immature tomatoes. Streamline the time of sorting tomato fruit in order to avoid losses due to spoilage. This research method is with a sample of tomato fruit taken RGB value through TCS 3200 color sensor according to the level of maturity. After the RGB value is obtained, it will be processed into the Arduino Uno to obtain maturity information through the rules that have been made and sorted using a servo motor. The results of this study indicate that a good condition for detecting tomato fruit is with a closer distance to the fruit with a dark background. This is because there is no excess light reflection so that the TCS sensor can take RGB values well and reduce the occurrence of misreading of ripeness information in the sorting process. Keywords— Tomato, Sensor TCS 3200, Arduino uno, Motor Servo.

Experimental comparison of closed cooling systems of photovoltaic modules

Relevance. The need to increase the efficiency of solar modules to 15–20% by cooling their surface, which in spring and summer is able to heat up to 70 ℃. Heat collection from photovoltaic modules is an additional opportunity to accumulate heat and use it for their own needs, especially for isolated power systems. The article discusses methods of closed cooling using tubes made of copper, metal plastic and stainless steel. All measurements were carried out in summer at a real, operating solar power plant located in the Crimea village of Karyernoe. Aim. To experimentally determine and identify the effect of the most efficient cooling system for photovoltaic modules. Methods. Methods of empirical research. In the experiment, sensors connected to the Arduino UNO system were used to measure the temperature and humidity of the ambient air, the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet and outlet, and the data were recorded in an Excel table. Soudal FIX ALL adhesive sealant is used to fix the cooling system. Results and conclusions. The authors have obtained volt-ampere characteristics, refrigerant inlet and outlet temperatures, photovoltaic modules surface temperatures. The cooling system made of stainless steel pipes showed the greatest cooling efficiency of the solar module, which allowed reducing the module temperature from 66 to 38℃ at some points. This increased the efficiency of photoelectric module by 3.5% relative to the rated power. The heated liquid from the photoelectric module has cooled down to its original temperature values, thanks to the installed cooling radiator, for the possibility of reuse of the liquid in the solar panel cooling circuit.

Penerapan Internet of Things Pada Kandang Jangkrik Berbasis Arduino Uno R3

The development and advancement of technology today are becoming increasingly complex,with one of the significant advancements being the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. IoT hasbeen implemented in various sectors, particularly in the livestock sector. However, there are stillissues where cricket farmers continue to use conventional methods in the breeding process,resulting in suboptimal processes and leading to the death of their livestock. The aim of thisresearch is to develop a system that applies IoT technology to assist cricket farmers in managingthe breeding process within cricket enclosures. These farmers face challenges in feeding theircrickets and controlling the temperature and humidity within the enclosures.The research methodis carried out by collecting needs, designing a system in the form of a system design, andimplementing the system. The system uses Arduino uno R3 as a control center, RTC DS3231 as atimer for feed using a servo motor, DHT11 to detect temperature and humidity in the cage whichwill activate the fan and heating lamp as a solution. The system uses the NodeMCU ESP8266 wifimodule which is connected to the Blynk application to monitor temperature and humidity in thecage. With this system, it helps make it easier for cricket farmers in the cultivation process.

Design of Digital Lux Meter Based on Arduino Using EL7900 Photodiode Sensor

Aims: To design and manufacture a digital lux meter to the illumination intensity (E) detection tool that is more efficient, relatively cheaper, and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to tools on the market. Study Design: Design of lux meter digital based on Arduino uno using an EL 7900 sensor. Place and Duration of Study: Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, from June 2024 to September 2024. Methodology: The method used is to design electronic components so that it can become a digital lux meter. The main processor uses Arduino. The microcontroller functions as a data processor which is the output of the EL 7900 sensor. The HC-SR04 sensor is a distance sensor whose function is to measure the distance measured on the design tool. The detection results from the sensor are then processed in the microcontroller and displayed on the OLED. Results: Lux meter digital based on Arduino uno using EL 7900 sensors has been produced. The results of the research show that the further the measurement distance from the light source, the illumination intensity (E) decreases. This research also finds that the illumination intensity will increase if the source power is increased. Based on calibration testing between the design tool and the reference tool, it shows very good results with an error rate of 0.06%. Field test results showed that the level of accuracy of the illumination intensity between the design tool and the reference tool at a distance of 150 cm from the light source with different light source power reached 99.48%. Conclusion: In this research, digital lux meter to the illumination intensity (E) detection tool, relatively cheaper and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to tools on the market. Based on calibration testing, it shows very good results with an error rate of 0.06%.

Wireless transmission of audio signals and temperature data using an optoelectronic system.

This work presents an optoelectronic instrument designed for wireless visible light communication (WVLC) systems, operating within a wavelength range of 380-750nm and compatible with standard radio frequency (RF) communication. The instrument encompasses two distinct architectures. The first enables the transmission and reception of RF-processed audio signals through a three-stage process involving RF signal transmission via Bluetooth, signal multiplexing using acousto-optic modulation, a sinusoidal grating, a PIN photodetector array, and final audio playback. The second architecture focuses on the wireless transmission and reception of temperature data, utilizing a similar three-stage approach that includes temperature data measurements with an LM35 sensor, signal processing with Arduino UNO microcontrollers, and information transmission via Bluetooth. Experimental results for both architectures validate the effectiveness of this optoelectronic instrument, demonstrating its capability to integrate RF and WVLC technologies.

Arduino-Based Real-Time ECG Monitoring System for Heart Signal Visualization

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is an essential tool in healthcare for diagnosing and tracking heart conditions. However, existing ECG devices are often expensive, limiting accessibility for personal or educational use. This project aims to develop a low-cost ECG monitoring system using an Arduino UNO, AD8232 sensor, and TFT SPI display. The system collects ECG signals via electrodes and displays the real-time PQRST waveform on the TFT screen and the Arduino IDE serial monitor. Resistors are utilized to ensure signal clarity by reducing electrical noise. The project successfully demonstrated the ability to visualize clear ECG signals in real time, offering a practical and cost-effective solution for continuous cardiac monitoring

Development and approval of a mobile test bench for the study of the mechanical properties of biological tissues

The determination of the mechanical properties of vessel walls and atherosclerotic plaques is a recurring issue in the numerical modelling of vessel sections. Testing machines are usually located in specialised laboratories outside medical facilities, and transporting samples from the clinic is difficult. Therefore, the task of developing mobile testing devices that can be installed directly in the clinic to perform tests immediately after surgery is relevant. This paper presents the results of the development and validation of a mobile test bench for performing mechanical experiments on uniaxial compression and tension of biological tissues. The purpose of the work is to perform mechanical tests on tissues in the clinic, avoiding their transport to the laboratory and/or freezing. Arduino UNO hardware platform is used as the control element of the test bench, which controls the main elements (motor, load cell), records data on SD card and displays information about the experiment on the computer screen. Structurally, the test bench is an analogue of a two-column testing machine. All mechanisms are assembled in a portable case, the control module is in the form of a remote plastic box. Verification of the test bench was carried out using an Instron 3342 universal testing machine with a 500 N load cell. A total of 121 soft tissue tests (including arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque) were performed on the bench. The Young's modulus and ultimate strength values obtained are summarised in a table. The mean Young's modulus for the wall of the internal carotid artery was 0.32 ± 0.24 MPa, for soft plaque 0.30 ± 0.17 MPa, and for hard plaque 0.85 ± 0.39 MPa; a tensile strength of 1.12 ± 0.67 MPa was also determined for hard plaques in carotid arteries. The result is a unique database of tissue Young's moduli obtained from freshly collected material. The methodology and its implementation on the mobile test bench show good agreement with literature data.

Magazine Identification on SS1-V1 Assault Rifle using Web-based HX711 Load Cell Sensor

The SS1-V1 is an assault rifle model equipped with a magazine as one of its main components. The magazine plays a crucial role in storing and loading ammunition. However, magazines must be stored separately from the weapon as their integrated storage can pose a risk to a country’s security. Therefore, this research proposes a web-based system capable of identifying the presence of magazines in weapons in real-time. This system is supported by various hardware components, including a load cell sensor, HX711 sensor module, Arduino UNO R3, and an Ethernet shield for network connectivity. In addition, API is used for data management, which is then stored in the database. The results of this research indicate that the average response time for each rack within a cabinet is between 2.7s to 3.3s, while for racks serving as slaves, it ranges from 14.16s to 15.01s. Based on the results of the weight-based weapon identification testing, there is a weight difference of 0.1kg to 0.2kg. These results state that all tests were successfully identified by the web system according to the conditions of the weapons on the rack.

Real time monitoring of heavy metal adulteration in biodiesel using Arduino UNO platform@A promising multi-purpose stimuli-responsive azomethine based chemoreceptor for hierarchical tri-ionic sensing

The presence of metallic adulteration even in very trace level may lead to deleterious impact on the biodiesel quality and ultimately may be responsible for the dropping down of system efficiency, which necessitates the trace level recognition of heavy metal adulteration from biodiesel. In this context, herein using an azomethine functionalized chromogenic chemoreceptor, 1-((E)-(4-hydroxyphenylimino) methyl) napthalen-2-ol (HMN) has been reported for the selective chemodosimetric recognition of Cu2+ with a lower detection threshold of 7.8 ppb via distinct chromogenic variation of HMN. In addition to this, it has also exhibited selective and reversible naked eye chromogenic sensing behaviour towards F− (LOD=160 ppb) and Al3+ (LOD=48 ppb) at very trace level, which is quite lower than the WHO permissible limit. Distinct chromogenic recognition of F− by HMN proceeds via strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding mediated improved intramolecular charge transfer. The spectroscopic response of HMN in alternate presence and absence of the targeted analytes made it suitable to formulate AND-NOT-XNOR-NAND-OR gate based ‘Castle-like’ complicated logic circuitry. In-vitro cell imaging study using A549, human lung carcinoma cell line attests intracellular recognition capability of HMN, demonstrating its effectual bio-medicinal applications. Interestingly, inspired by the capability of HMN towards recognition of copper from biodiesel specimen, an RGB-assisted device comprised of TCS color sensor and an Arduino UNO 8-bit microcontroller has been developed for real-time quantitative analysis of the biodiesel adulteration. Going one step further, utilization of lab-on-a-box based prototype to monitor the concentration-dependent chromogenic fluctuation via RGB analysis is undoubtedly beneficial for the determination of copper adulteration in biodiesel sample. The presently developed chemoreceptor can thus be regarded as a valuable addition in the field of supramolecular chemistry as well as a significant initiative towards regular monitoring of the biodiesel quality control parameters as a part of sustainable environment.

StepSafe Cane: Empowering Confident Steps for a Healthier Future

Mobility is the capability of one to get to another place. Vision is defined as the faculty and power of seeing. As technology develops and grows, several devices and tools have aided those with mobility issues or impairment and those who are visually impaired. For those who are visually impaired, the traditional aid has been the white cane for a long time which only helps them navigate their way and detect obstacles without providing physical support. While those with mobility issues use a walking stick which does not help them in detecting surrounding obstacles. For those with both mobility issues and visual impairment, this becomes a problem as it is uncommon for a gadget or aid to tackle both these issues at once. The Smart Guide Cane is specially designed for this group of people with both issues. It can also help those with any of the two issues as it has many features that will allow them to be more confident in their movement, improving the quality of life for the disabled. Many steps have been taken in developing the Smart Guide Cane. A program was coded and simulated together with the circuit to ensure the functionality of the program. Then, the physical prototype was created, using Arduino UNO, HC-SR04 (ultrasonic sensor), MPU6050 (fall detector), TTP223 (touch sensor), vibration motor and buzzer as its main components. Tests have been done using this prototype circuit to demonstrate the feasibility and functionality of the Smart Guide Cane. From the prototyping and testing, it can be seen that all the components would function as intended in the Smart Guide Cane.

A Next-Generation Iot-Integrated Arduino System for Intelligent Home Environment Monitoring

To stay informed about home living conditions, a home environment monitoring device was developed using an Arduino platform. Utilizing the Arduino UNO hardware and an array of sensors, the device captures real-time data on indoor temperature, humidity, light levels, and the presence of combustible gases. This information is then uploaded to a monitoring platform, allowing for adjustments to the surrounding environment based on the collected data. Testing has demonstrated that the design effectively gathers and reliably uploads home environment data, meeting the requirements for remote monitoring of living conditions. The device offers several advantages, including low cost, minimal power consumption, a simple structure, and easy installation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.797

A Mobile Surveillance System with Face Detection and Recognition Abilities

This paper proposes a mobile surveillance system similar to an electronic dog which has the ability to move around a certain location all while detecting and recognizing the individuals and notifying the respective authorities about the detected person. The system uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller along with IR receiver and remote to function as a remote-controlled vehicle while also providing an option for automatic movement of the vehicle. The system also has an integrated camera that constantly feeds live video to a computer system. Haar-cascades take in the frames of videos and detect appearance of human face. Then, pretrained FaceNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) compares the detected face to the authorized faces in an attempt to recognize the face. The system also boasts the feature of email notification for which it employs the SMTP protocol to send an email with the detected face to the authorized personnel. The methods and techniques used to implement these features are presented in depth in this paper.

Development of an Internet of Things-based Environmental Information System for Realtime Monitoring of Air Conditions

This study aims to develop an environmental information system called the Environmental Monitoring System (EENNOS) to monitor air environmental conditions. ENNOS is an Internet of Things (IoT) based system that monitors air environmental conditions in the form of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide. The research was conducted using the 4D development method which consisted of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. EENNOS was developed using a DHT 22 sensor for DHT 22 temperature and humidity and a carbon dioxide sensor with MQ-135. The controller used is Arduino uno ESP8266 with output sending using the internet to the database and presented on the dashboard and displayed on a 16x2 liquid crystal screen. The output is in the form of dashboard innovations that are registered with copyrights and scientific publications in the form of articles in the Journal of Environmental Sciences.

The Automation of Water Control in the Field Football With Arduino uno

Football is not only carried out as an ordinary sport, but the sporting achievement itself is an asset that can popularize a region or country. In the smooth running of sports activities, stadium facilities were established to support the success of playing soccer. During the rainy season, the match will be disrupted due to the fact that the football field has excessive water, which hinders the match. The system used today to control excessive water on the soccer field is by using an impregnation system. Therefore, a tool is needed that can help reduce excess water during heavy rains. So a prototype water control device was designed on a football field using a soil moisture sensor that can detect soil moisture, using a water pump assisted by a relay to reduce the presence of excess water, as well as using a servo to raise and lower the tools used to spray water and also suck up water. All of these design components are controlled by Arduino uno. This test process if the soil is in soil moisture < 45% then Arduino orders the tool to work because at that humidity the soil is dry. If the soil moisture is > 55%, the servo and also the relay are ordered to work because at that humidity the soil is wet

An Integration Method of UML Diagrams and Arduino UNO for Developing Water Pollution Detection System

Despite the scientific and health development in the world, water pollution can pose a threat to human health, whether the pollutants are biological or chemical. In addition, traditional methods of water pollution detecting require high costs, and take time. Due to the importance of water for human life, drinking, irrigation, or for use in industry etc. Thus, reliable methods for water contamination detecting are a crucial issue.This paper aims to propose an integration method of UML diagrams and Arduino UNO microcontroller for developing water pollution detection system. The proposed method consists of three phases, which are system’s design, system's schematic and system’s architecture. It uses use case diagram and sequence diagram. In addition, the system design consisting of a microcontroller and multiple connected sensors for water pollutant detection, namely pH, turbidity, dissolved solids, temperature, oxidation reduction potential and electrical conductivity. The result of this paper is the production an automatic water pollutant detection prototype using Arduino and UML diagrams to display the water pollution parameters. The variables pH, turbidity, dissolved solids, temperature, oxidation reduction potential and electrical conductivity were chosen because they are the physical and chemical parameters that most influence water quality. The proposed system is characterized by measuring the water quality in real time, low cost and its data is accurate and fast.

Embedded system controlled switching system for reconfigurable antennas

AbstractA multiband and reconfigurable antenna is the one of the main aspects in the communication system which has an extremely important role. An embedded based solution for the fast operation of a reconfigurable antenna to work in a specific operating frequency band is the solution of future technologies. Embedded based solution increases the speed by avoiding the dependence on manual control of the RF switching elements. In this paper, the proposed embedded system‐controlled switching mechanism operate the reconfigurable antenna in any one of the operating bands by a single command to be send from a remote location. The embedded system receives the command and configure a set of PIN diodes as per the modes. The proposed solution consists an Arduino UNO board as motherboard, SIM900A as GSM module to receive the command from user, biasing circuit to control the operation of PIN diode, PIN diode to reconfigure the patch pattern and a user mobile for sending AT command.The proposed model is successful and tested on proteus software 8.0. The model is also deployed on the newly designed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna where the result shows the successful operation to achieve multiband frequency operation.

Touch-free tissue dispensing device

In this paper, an innovative solution for the everyday issue of tissue dispensing is presented. With billions of tissues distributed daily, the current dispensers often face challenges, as revealed in studies of frequently damaged units. The primary objective was to enhance this fundamental item, aiming to simplify users’ lives. The key innovation lies in granting users control over the tissue dispenser’s rolling mechanism. Introducing the Arduino UNO microcontroller-powered smart tissue dispenser. Operated by a stepper motor, the dispenser reacts to the user’s needs. Activation occurs when the infrared sensor detects hands, prompting the motor to release the appropriate amount of tissue. It’s like witnessing magic, yet it’s simply the ingenuity of technology at play. The software for the Arduino UNO, serving as the project’s controller, is compiled, and uploaded using the Arduino IDE. The performance of this automatic tissue dispenser indicates success in addressing common issues and facilitating effortless tissue retrieval.

IoT-based system to detect and control natural gas leaks in residential kitchens

Natural gas is widely used in many homes for cooking, but a lack of gas leak detection has led to large fires and accidents. This article presents the design and implementation of a natural gas detection and extraction system for domestic kitchens in Lima, Peru. The ESP32 microcontroller allowed remote circuit control, resulting in a more convenient setup than the Arduino UNO microcontroller. After calibration of the sensors and their corresponding programming, three actions were established in response to different gas levels: alarm activation, space ventilation and gas extraction, and thermal shutdown. Strategic sensor placement and improved physical presentation of the system were performed to ensure accurate readings and effective deployment. The results demonstrate the proper functioning of the circuit and its ability to prevent accidents related to gas leaks. The designed system offers the advantage of remote monitoring, providing access to the user from any location. In conclusion, this project offers a comprehensive solution to prevent accidents caused by gas leaks in home kitchens. With satisfactory results in terms of operation and rapid response, the project demonstrates its effectiveness in accident prevention. This design offers a practical and accessible solution, improving security and bringing peace of mind to homes.

Crude oil-water separation with the aid of carbon based materials

Carbon-based materials are commonly utilized in water filtration and purification due to their affordability and environmental friendliness. This study investigates the effectiveness of four different carbon-based materials: activated carbon (AC), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and polyethylene (PE) in crude oil–water separation. To test the effectiveness of the separation, light transmission measurements were carried out with the aid of Arduino UNO using a red, green, and blue (RGB) light spectral sensor. The results revealed that the emulsions with AC was the most effective material in the separation, followed by rGO, and GO was the least effective. To explain the mechanism behind the separation performance, the carbon materials have been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effectiveness of AC and rGO in the separation process was directly related to the quantity of surface oxides. The experimental results are perfectly agreed with published Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of HOMO–LUMO gap energies. AC shows the best performance and the smallest gap, which indicates that it requires less energy for electrons transition between the HOMO and LUMO. This phenomenon can be attributed to the affinity towards hydrogen in the hydrocarbon chains in crude oil.

Design of Automatic Flood Control System in Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The construction of Yogyakarta International Airport has resulted in land use changes and increased the topography in the area by up to 9 m, which has led to potential flooding. A spatial analysis was conducted on the flow direction after the airport's construction, specifically in the West Carik watershed. It was discovered that the flow direction was uncertain and trapped upstream of the airport. A polder system with automation is proposed as a solution to the drainage problem. An automation system is designed for pump operation with the objective of improving efficiency. The system is expected to reduce the volume of water in the polder by reducing human involvement and providing ease in monitoring. The results of hydrological analysis with a 50-year return period flood resulted in a design flood discharge of 11.73 m3/s. The polder has a storage capacity of 63,312 m3, a depth of 4 m, and a surface area of 1.58 ha. It requires a total pump capacity of 8.4 m3/s, consisting of three pump units, with one unit having a capacity of 1.8 m3/s and two units with 3.3 m3/s. One additional pump with a capacity of 3.3 m3/s is also planned as a backup pump. The pump automation system simulation employs an Arduino UNO as the controller, water level sensor, and relay. This system successfully fulfills the desired operational system for the pump. In the actual implementation, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is required as the controller, with water level sensors, relays, and contactors as inputs and outputs.