Arduino Uno R3 Research Articles

Development of a Low-Cost pH Meter for Liquid Chemical Fertilizers

Liquid chemical fertilizers are widely used in modern agriculture. The pH values of these fertilizers are important in terms of their effectiveness in the field application and their effect on the soil-water pH balance. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the pH and other properties of liquid fertilizers with fast, practical and inexpensive methods. With the advancing technology, pH value has been started to measure more accurately and efficiently with the help of low-cost devices. In this study, a low-cost pH meter was developed using a low-cost pH sensor, an Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller board, and a software written in the C/C++ programming language. The developed pH meter was used to measure the pH values of liquid chemical fertilizers. Close variations were observed between the values obtained from it and the values measured by an accredited, laboratory-type pH meter. According to the pH measurements of the two pH meters, R2 ranged 88.1% to 99.3%, average error range 0.14 to 0.28, and average error percentage ranged 1.56% to 6.81% for three different types of liquid fertilizers. In light of these results, it was shown that the developed low-cost pH meter can be useful for practical pH measurement applications.

Tarım İçin Düşük Maliyetli ve Mikrodenetleyici Tabanlı Bir Hava Sıcaklığı, Nemi ve Basıncı Veri Kayıt Sistemi Tasarımı.

Nowadays, it is accepted that climate change can threaten food safety. Losses in production areas due to climate change have the potential to create major devastating effects. In agricultural areas, rapid and effective measures should be taken against climate parameters that are not under human control. For this purpose, approaches such as precision or smart agriculture are becoming widespread. Low cost microcontroller-based devices that can help to take the necessary measures by rapidly measuring the basic climate parameters are gaining importance especially in the lands of small scale agricultural enterprises. For this purpose, developed a customizable and re-programmable datalogger system which can measure the basic meteorological values for agricultural purposes under field conditions with low-cost parts. The system consist of an Ardunio UNO R3 microcontroller card, a Bosch Sensortech BME280 integrated environmental sensor, a data storage unit, a LCD and an USB supported battery unit which allows the system to be used as a portable. The BME280 sensor is widely used in scientific studies, can measure air pressure, relative humidity and temperature, and communicate with microcontrollers. For the operation of the system, a software was developed in Arduino IDE (Internal Development Environment) and installed on microcontroller of Arduino UNO R3. The system was left on outdoor conditions with a top cover for one week in spring and one week in summer and it was found that it could record data continuously for one hour intervals.

Design and Implement of Dual Axis Solar Tracker System Based Arduino

The computer control plays important role in the solar cell design and development of dual axis solar tracker for the sun's position. The main goal of this paper is to maximize energy output to reduce panel temperature (cooling), to increase efficiency of the PV panel. Small-scale solar is developed through a complete hardware and software in order to function accurately. The main parts in this work are Arduino Uno R3, kit relay, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), LM35 (temperature sensor), high-efficiency solar panel and satellite motor. The Protuse software is used with (Arduino Uno) as embedded computer control. The results show the effectiveness of the complete tracking system.

Design and Implementation of Series Resonant DC-DC Converter

The resonant DC-DC converter is known as advantageous over conventional DC-DC converter in terms of efficiency. This is primarily because the resonant converter operates at soft switching mode. In this paper, we report our work on the design and implementation of a series resonant DC-DC converter with full-bridge switching. The developed converter consisted of two main parts, namely the PWM signal-generating circuit as the driver for MOSFET and converter primary circuit. The first part was implemented by using Arduino UNO R3, whose output was amplified with IR2110 optocoupler. The latter was made up of full-bridge inverter, which employs MOSFET as the electronic switches, resonance circuit, and full-bridge uncontrolled rectifier. Performance of the developed converter was tested by supplying input voltage ranging from 20 to 30 V. It was shown that the converter functioned as a step-down “DC” transformer, i.e. voltage reducer. The maximum output voltage level obtained was half of the input, which was achieved at switching frequency of 40 kHz and efficiency of 50%. The converter was also tested to supply practical electrical load. In this case, a 12-V electric drill was put in place. The drill worked well, and a converter efficiency of 43% could be calculated during this operation.Keywords : DC-DC Converter, Series Resonance and Switching

Design and testing of portable laser-based viscometer

Viscosity is one of a physical parameter of a fluid. Viscosity shows a coefficient of resistance in the fluid to reduce the speed of the fluid in a system. In the present study, design and testing has been carried out on a portable laser-based viscometer with the falling sphere method. The main mechanical system consists of two components: an acrylic tube with an inner diameter of 2.335 cm with a length of 28 cm, and a glass sphere diameter of 11.58 mm with the density of 2521 kgm−3. Two lasers with a wavelength of 650 nm are used to determine the traveling time of a sphere in a range of 11 cm in the sample. Two photodiodes are used to capture the light signal and then forwarded it to the Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller to calculate the falling velocity of the sphere and the viscosity of the sample then displayed into a LCD (2×16). Reproducibility of the viscosity measurement data was confirmed with the standard deviation varied from 0.08 to 1.9 mPas. The sensitivity and the precision of the present design increased with the viscosity value.

Cloud-Based Vehicle Tracking System

The need for vehicle tracking system in real time is growth continues due to increase the cases of theft. This type of system in real time needs to transmit large data with huge number of HTTP request to the server to keep tracking and monitoring in real time, thus causes spend extremely high cost every month for transportation the information on tracking vehicles to server therefor the needs for reducing the number of transportation and data size that transmits in each HTTP request to save expenses. This paper designed and implement an integrated vehicle tracking system in real time to track vehicle anywhere and anytime. This system is divided into two parts: vehicle tracking part and monitoring part. Tracking part is represented by installation the electronic devices in the vehicle using modern Global Positioning System (GPS), microcontroller Arduino UNO R3 and SIM800L GSM/GPRS modem. GPS is determined location of the vehicle via received coordinates from satellites such as latitude and latitude with accuracy ranging approximately 2.5 meters; the coordinates faked to add a type of protection to information on vehicles without effecting on characterizing real time tracking before sending it via a General Packet Radio service (GPRS). The monitoring part is in the cloud and will receive the coordinates and displays it on a map in a web page. The main contribution of this system is it reduced data size that sent from in-vehicle device via selected only necessary data for tracking vehicle from NEMA sentences of GPS and reduced number of HTTP request that sent to remote server via constrain the transmission of information with the movement of vehicles, since when vehicle moved the coordinates each 10s and did not send anything when the vehicle stopped thus will reduce the cost of expenses every month. This system can be utilized to track and monitoring the vehicles of large universities, companies, organization and also can be used in army vehicles and police vehicles.
 
 

Design an automatic fresh water distribution system with microcontroller for community sanitation needs

Limitations and shortages of fresh water often occur problems especially for coastal communities, port areas and other areas with minimal water supply. The need and limitations of fresh water can cause distribution which is hampered due to lack of monitoring and distribution in the field, so that the distribution and distribution are evenly distributed. The purpose of this study is to overcome the problems that occur by designing and simulating tools that regulate the distribution of fresh water. The system works when the water flow sensor calculates the flow of water that passes through it and after reaching the maximum capacity previously set, the solenoid valve will automatically stop the distribution of water, so that every citizen who has the right to receive fresh water will get according to his daily allowance. In designing the simulation design there are several obstacles to the unavailability of several sensors needed, such as water flow sensors and solenoids for which we make alternative solutions by making logic C ++ algorithm in Arduino Uno R3.

DESIGN OF THE DATA TRANSMISSION BETWEEN THE EXERSICE SMART MINE WITH GROUND STATION USING LORA

Wireless data communication system through communication radio is one of the important points of informationdelivery process in TNI AL, It relates to the process of delivering information on the field that is difficult to obtaincommunication network via internet. The use of portable and strong communications against jammedinterference and other adjacent frequency interference becomes a fundamental necessity. The use of the UHFfrequency communication system is one of the efficient communication, With the high frequency of positivelyresulting in the physical size of the antenna is increasingly smaller. The purpose of designing datacommunication system devices between exercise smart mine and the ground station using Lora. In planning thiscommunication system uses the Lora SX1278 module as a data transmitter (Tx) and receiver data device (Rx).On the transmitter side (Tx) Lora uses the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as the core or brain system. Onthe side of the receiver (Rx) Lora uses Arduino Uno R3 as the process data unit received by the Lora receiver.The main function of Arduino Uno as an intermediary to be able to transfer data to a PC or laptop device as aground station monitoring through USB communication channels. From the design, testing, and discussion ofresearch results during the preparation and manufacture of this final task obtained the results as expected. Thatthe design of data communication systems using Lora can be obtained a maximum range of 200 meters withthe condition of building obstructed. The ability of the Lora SX1278 module to receive data and transmit datafrom the GPS, pressure sensors and acoustic sensors is well received by the ground station, based on the datatransmitted via the Lora SX1278 module transmitter.Keywords: Lora SX1278, Arduino Mega 2560, Arduino Uno R3

The Silkworm Eggs Separator with the Novel Electronic Computing Unit

The article presents the results of research aimed to develop software and hardware for silkworm separating device by their colors. The device consist of four main blocks. The first one is designed for eggs feeding in portions, the second for the sequence of eggs alignment, the third is to bring these eggs to estimation zone, where the fourth analyzes and separates light eggs from dark ones. Each unit is an element of a queuing system with measured value of the flow parameter. Each unit of the device is treated as a queuing system element with a specified flow parameter value. Based on their equality the conclusion is made about the required performance of the webcam for the analysis block. The scheme of the control device and the algorithm of silkworm’s recognition are given. The Study and analysis showed that the separation of silkworm eggs is better carried out by piece-oriented feeding it to recognition zone, developed on the basis of computer vision using a high-speed web-camera. It is also proposed to use Arduino UNO R3 as a hardware platform. The developed hardware and software for analysis and processing of data on determination of color of eggs of silkworm of the developed device on a stationary platform is described.

Personal Exposure Estimates via Portable and Wireless Sensing and Reporting of Particulate Pollution.

Low-cost, portable particle sensors (n = 3) were designed, constructed, and used to monitor human exposure to particle pollution at various locations and times in Lubbock, TX. The air sensors consisted of a Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor interfaced to an Arduino Uno R3, and a FONA808 3G communications module. The Arduino Uno was used to receive the signal from calibrated dust sensors to provide a concentration (µg/m3) of suspended particulate matter and coordinate wireless transmission of data via the 3G cellular network. Prior to use for monitoring, dust sensors were calibrated against a reference aerosol monitor (RAM-1) operating independently. Sodium chloride particles were generated inside of a 3.6 m3 mixing chamber while the RAM-1 and each dust sensor recorded signals and calibration was achieved for each dust sensor independently of others by direct comparison with the RAM-1 reading. In an effort to improve the quality of the data stream, the effect of averaging replicate individual pulses of the Sharp sensor when analyzing zero air has been studied. Averaging data points exponentially reduces standard deviation for all sensors with n < 2000 averages but averaging produced diminishing returns after approx. 2000 averages. The sensors exhibited standard deviations for replicate measurements of 3–6 µg/m3 and corresponding 3σ detection limits of 9–18 µg/m3 when 2000 pulses of the dust sensor LED were averaged over an approx. 2 min data collection/transmission cycle. To demonstrate portable monitoring, concentration values from the dust sensors were sent wirelessly in real time to a ThingSpeak channel, while tracking the sensor’s latitude and longitude using an on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor. Outdoor and indoor air quality measurements were made at different places and times while human volunteers carried sensors. The measurements indicated walking by restaurants and cooking at home increased the exposure to particulate matter. The construction of the dust sensors and data collected from this research enhance the current research by describing an open-source concept and providing initial measurements. In principle, sensors can be massively multiplexed and used to generate real-time maps of particulate matter around a given location.

Design and Implementation of Microcontroller-Based Building Automation for Smart Computer Laboratory

This research provided device management automation for computer laboratories using Arduino. Some devices in computer laboratories such as Air Conditioners and LCD Projectors were always on while the device not used. It caused inefficient uses of electricity resulting in increased electricity bills and reduce the device lifetime. Device automation made the electronic devices work automatically. The first automation we applied on the Air Conditioner, the other one was on LCD Projectors. This schematic developed based on Arduino Uno R3 with several components such as the infrared transmitter, humidity sensor DHT11, relay board and I2C OLED display. Arduino Uno R3 provided as the central controller. The two methods of testing were used for measuring this system performance. The first test was done by testing the performance of the components used, such as the IR Transmitter, DHT11, relay board, and I2C OLED Display. The second test was done by testing the functionality of Arduino Uno R3 as a controller. This test resulted that the automation system can work properly with fully automatic control LCD projectors and air conditioners by periodically stabilizing room temperature and turning on the projector's LCD automatically when needed.

Purwarupa Alat Deteksi Ketinggian Banjir Perbantuan SMS Gateway Dan Mikrontroler

&lt;em&gt;Flood disasters still occur regularly and continuously in Indonesia. Flooding can occur due to the volume of water in the river beyond the river body. Many impacts caused by flooding, not only material losses, flooding can also cause loss of life. The impact of flooding can be reduced if people are better prepared to face the flood. One way is to quickly disseminate information on river water levels to the community. It is necessary to make a solution on how to design an automatic sluice using Arduino UNO R3 and how to monitor the water situation during floods. The working principle of this tool uses an ultrasonic sensor as a water level detector, Arduino as a data processor, servo motor as opening and closing the door bar automatically and the modem as an SMS notification. Because design based detection system is needed In this study there are two formulations of the problem (i) How to design flood altitude detection devices using Arduino uno r3 which can open and close automatically. (ii) How to test the flood altitude detection system using a wavecome modem. The research objective is divided into two parts (i) Creating a series of flood elevation devices using Arduino r3 so that it can open and close automatically (ii) Gets the results of flood elevation system testing with an sms gateway&lt;/em&gt;

Improving the performance of solar panels by the used of dual axis solar tracking system with mirror reflection

This work proposes the dual axis solar tracker with mirror reflection for optimum output of solar panel by using arduino unoR3 as the control unit. The objectives of this work are to track and optimize the maximum output power of the solar panel by designing and developing a dual axis solar tracker with mirror reflection. The system includes a 10 watt solar panel, an arduino unoR3 and a customized mechanical body to carry the solar panel. This system will track and detect the angle of the sun to locate the surface of solar panel at the position and the angle where it can get maximum amount of energy. The sensors will detect the position of the sun and servo motors act as free moving neck to make it easier to move freely depending on the angle detected. The Light Depending Resistor (LDR) will be used in tracking system. These LDR will detect the existence of sunlight and therefore the mechanical hardware will move horizontal and vertical axis depending on the value of LDR detected to follow the angular degree of sun in order to get maximum and best result of absorbing energy. The final result obtained from dual axis solar tracker showed that the output power has been maximized compared to stationary panel. Based on the experimental result, it show that the designed system successful improve the performance of the solar panel.

Attadance system using infrared sensors

This study aims to design and develop a system for student counters in the room. This Attadance System is based on the Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller by using an IR sensor to detect the object. This system is expected to facilitate the work of teaching staff in conducting attendance activities in the classroom that will not cut the time of teaching and learning. The main purpose of this Attadance System is to help student counting in the room automatically. The automatic student counting attendance system that uses a microcontroller and IR sensor is designed and built through several stages, namely: (1) analysis and identification of attadance and component system requirements and other tools that support the success of system assembly; (2) designing components and mechanical design as containers and supports; (3) system implementation; (4) system testing and evaluation of the overall Attadance System. The testing of the automatic student counter attendance system shows the results in the form of performance consisting of the experiment number, IR sensor detection distance, and the state of the light and environmental conditions of the light intensity. The sensor is able to detect distances of up to 6.5 cm if in good light intensity conditions. But in conditions of poor light intensity the sensor can only detect up to 5.5 cm.

Accelerometer Implementation as Feedback on 5 Degree of Freedom Arm Robot

The research investigated the automatic control system implemented with the 5 DOF (Degree of Freedom) arm robot control system using the closed-loop control method with the MPU 6050 sensor, which integrated the rotation of the MG995 motor servo as a feedback function. The control of this robot used android–based application, in which the app sends data of the rotate angle for each servo motor rotated to a certain angle. The HC – 05 Bluetooth received the data and the Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller processed them. The microcontroller managed every rotation of each servo motor that integrated with an MPU6050 sensor with serial monitor communication to display the rotation of each servo motor. The test results obtained by the standard deviation value showed how large the sample diversity was. The result of this study showed a standard deviation correlation with the number of sample diversity. The higher the standard deviation value, the more sample data spread (data diverse or varies). Otherwise, the smaller the standard deviation value, the more homogenous the sample data. If the standard deviation equals zero, it indicates that the sample has identical data. The highest standard deviation value from servo motor 1 is 5.20, servo motor 2 and 3 are 1.00, servo motor 4 is 2.89, and servo motor 5 is 2.9

Determination of Fill Factor and Efficiency in Solar Cell Type (99 × 69) mm2 with Arduino Uno R3 Based Drive assisted by Logger Pro 3.14.1

Abstrak- The study about fill factor and efficiency solar cell have been done with an automatic drive machine that rotates the surface of the solar cell following the movement of the light source from 0° up to 90° compared without automatic drive. The test results are then implemented to determine the fill factor and efficiency in variations in light intensity. In this study, polycrystalline solar cell type (99 × 69) mm2, the Philips 100W/220V light bulb at a distance of 18 cm and the driving machine is controlled through an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller. Data acquisition of current and voltage is carried out with the help of DCP-BTA current and VP-BTA voltage probes that are connected to the mini labquest transducer and displayed to a computer through loggerpro software. The result show that it has been successfully designed an automatic driver of a solar panel (99 × 69) mm2 with an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller and a logger pro software as data acquisition software. The using solar cell automatically driven can improve the accuracy and precision of current and voltage readings so the fill factor might be increased up to 10% while the efficiency of solar cells does not change. Variations in light intensity can increase the fill factor and efficiency of solar cells. Fill factor and efficiency have an exponentially relationship to light intensity.

A Low Cost PV Emulator using Labview and Arduino

A solar panel emulator is a programmable power supply which mimics the characteristics of a solar panel and can be used under laboratory conditions. This paper proposes the design of an economical solar panel emulator using LabView software and its implementation using Arduino. The proposed emulator consists of a flyback converter with a MOSFET driver which brings out the characteristics of the desired PV panel. The characteristic curves are generated using LabView software and PWM signal is generated in hardware. This PWM signal drives the MOSFET which in turn operates the flyback converter. The proposed system is simulated using MATLAB software and a prototype of the proposed system is implemented using Arduino UNO R3.

Design and construction of an ultraviolet germicidal irradiation device for the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in kitchen utensils

Ultraviolet UV-C radiation has been used as a germicidal method for more than 100 years due to its effectiveness in the control of microorganisms. In some regions of Colombia, there are health problems because of the use of untreated water, which can contaminate food and kitchen utensils, putting human health at risk. The main purpose of this study was to design and construct a low-cost ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) device for the inactivation of the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus in kitchen utensils. The UVGI device is a chamber built in acrylic, consisting of an 8-watt ultraviolet lamp with a peak emission wavelength of 253.7 nm. The simulation of the ultraviolet lamp control was carried out through Proteus 8, and the control system was implemented using the Arduino UNO R3 ATmega328P. It was found that the optimal radiation doses were 34.44, 311.8 and 603.6 J/cm2 to effectively inactivate the studied bacterium for more than 18 h. The constructed UVGI device is a viable solution to a public health problem that exists in some rural areas of Colombia.

Telemetry Measurement of Acidity in Real Time Using the Raspberry Pi

PH is the standard value of degree of acidity expressed on a scale 0-14. PH can be influenced by several factors such as temperature and CO2. Acidification occurs because CO2 enters the liquid in the form of dissolved gas then reacts with water to form a salt in the form of carbonic acid. The acidity can be determined by measuring the pH. PH measurement is an activity to determine the value of degree of acidity. PH measurement is needed to reduce the impact on the environment because pH is closely related to pollution. However, the existing measurement tools are still manual, while real time measurement is needed so the impacts on the environment can be prevented. In this study, a system that can measure pH which is influenced by CO2 concentrations in real time was created. This system consists of CO2 sensor, pH sensor, Arduino UNO R3 and Raspberry Pi. Apart from real time, the advantage is its ability to perform data acquisition using programs written in the Python 3.x programming language, so that data can be presented in tables and heatmaps. The results of sensor readings from the microcontroller to the raspberry pi can operate properly with delivery times via USB. Overall testing the system at reading the pH value is as expected, able to read the change in pH value significantly in pH of a neutral solution (7.3) and read the change of pH value that is relatively the same after the solution is injected with CO2.

Pemanfaatan Sensor Suhu DHT-22, Ultrasonik HC-SR04 Untuk Mengendalikan Kolam Dengan Notifikasi Email

In the case of handling rainwater reservoirs, officers are currently overwhelmed, because they have to continue to monitor changes in water level manually. This is ineffective and inefficient because officers must always be present at the location of the water reservoir. While HR is very limited. The purpose of this study is to make an application to monitor and control water levels in rainwater reservoirs with temperature &amp; humidity sensors DHT-22, ultrasonic sensors HC-SR04 and Arduino Uno R3 microcontrollers, so that they can report quickly to staff through email notifications making it easier for staff monitor changes in water level in a rainwater reservoir remotely. This application interface is made using the Arduino programming language, for its web display using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results of the trial were obtained as much as 90% of users said the system created was very helpful in controlling the water level of the water reservoir and working in realtime, and as many as 10% of users said the system created was less helpful in controlling the water level of the water reservoir.