Arduino Uno Microcontroller Research Articles

Засоби керування кроковим двигуном та вимірювання зусиль під час дослідження процесу згинання аркушевого матеріалу

The improvement of the equipment for the forming of the volumetric shape of packages and containers requires a detailed study of the phenomena in the folding process of sheet material with a complex structure (corrugated cardboard). A stand has been created to study process parameters, successful research on which should be provided by programmed control of tool movement and synchronous transfer of measured data to a computer for further processing. Moving tools (punches) are driven by a stepper motor. The movement of the stepper motor shaft is programmed to obtain both a uniform movement and movement according to a certain law, which can be different for the working and reverse moves. Forces are measured by a strain gauge clamp, the signal from which is also transmitted to external devices for visualization and processing. The basis of the motor control and measurement unit is the Arduino Uno microcontroller, which, together with the Arduino Nano controller and the analog-to-digital converter, significantly expands the functionality of the stand. The diagram and operation of the created control and measurement unit is described. A special program has been created to study the geometric, kinematic and power parameters of the process, the possibility of quickly changing the law of motion, providing various ratios and laws of motion to the working and reverse motion of punches. The laws of motion for the motor shaft are presented in it in the form of matrices of values, which are accessed before starting the measurement from the stand control panel. The parameters of the process of simultaneous folding of corrugated cardboard, which were investigated using a stand, are described. The developed measurement technique and means of controlling the movement of the stepper motor of the tool drive allowed to estimate the maximum effort, the nature of the change during the work cycle, to compare different types of material and folding modes. The result of determining the optimal parameters of the process of operational packaging & container formation is the creation of recommendations necessary for the design of modern energy-saving equipment.

Simple Low Cost Open Source UHF RFID Reader

In this paper, we present a simple low-cost SDR RFID UHF reader capable of reading a tag in real time. This reader is designed around a simple asynchronous OOK modulator in transmission and an envelope detector in reception. All tasks specific to the RFID protocol including clock recovery, data recovery and frame detection are handled in software by a Arduino Uno micro-controller. This reader is able to generate any RFID command supported by the protocol and to decode any message backscattered by the tag in real time. The details of hardware and software associated with this reader are released in open source for the community.

Smart Home Monitoring to Improve Valuable Storage Security Using IoT-Bluetooth

Every homeowner wants maximum security for their home from various disturbances and threats. Many homeowners have installed a surveillance camera (CCTV) as their home security system. Apart from its relatively high price, the security camera system has weaknesses, which are difficult to integrate with stable and secure user devices in real-time. This research proposes a security system that integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) with the Arduino Uno microcontroller, PIR, and Ultrasonic sensors. The two sensors are used as scouts connected to a servo motor, an automatic locking device. The proposed system can be utilized as a safe and relatively inexpensive preventive measure.

PRECONDITIONS FOR THE CREATION OF A MEAT FRESHNESS CONTROL AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

The relevance of creating a comprehensive system for meat control and identification to determine its freshness level has been demonstrated in the study. The drawbacks of traditional organoleptic and laboratory methods commonly used for meat inspection were analyzed. The authors presented the advantages and challenges of employing an electronic nose. A design for a meat control and identification system was proposed, which includes an Arduino Uno microcontroller, Raspberry Pi, USB to TTL adapter, gas sensors, color sensor, thermal camera, and image sensor. The proposed implementation of the electronic nose system on a single-board computer demonstrates its success in controlling and identifying meat freshness. A matrix of semiconductor gas sensors, TGS2602, MQ137, and MQ138, is formed as olfactory sensors, and TCS3200 is used as an RGB vision sensor, enabling the identification of the smell and color of different degrees of meat freshness. To obtain clear output differences from the gas sensors that react to the freshness level of meat, the baseline method is proposed for use. Therefore, a system enhanced with neural network capabilities will replace traditional devices for identifying meat freshness.

An experimental study of surge protection in smart meter installation in the residential sector

This paper aims to construct an experimental system using the Arduino UNO microcontroller board to measure the electrical quantities and protect against surge circumstances in a single-phase power supply. The system utilized a voltage sensor and a current sensor, and data was transferred to a personal computer for graphical examination. The Root Mean Square (RMS) method was used to measure electrical values, and the system is allowed to decide whether to turn the load on or off based on the comparison of RMS voltage measurement to the lowest and maximum voltages. The Telemetry Viewer v0.5 software was used to create the monitoring interface, which monitored the system's RMS voltage, RMS current, active power, and trip signal.

DESIGN OF DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS TOOL AIDS FOR MELTING POINT MATERIAL ANALYSIS

This research aims to design differential thermal analysis tool aids to analyze the melting point of the material. Differential Thermal Analysis props have a furnace with a maximum temperature of 600 °C. The temperature sensor used is a K-type thermocouple with a measurement range of -200 °C to 1200 °C. A controller used to control the temperature of the furnace is Autonics with a digital temperature controller type TK4M. Measurement of the value of the temperature in the furnace using an Arduino Uno microcontroller connected to LabVIEW software via USB. Measurement of the melting point of the material used in these props is tested on material Indium (In), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn) with melting points 152,5 °C, 231,5 °C, and 425 °C.

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A SMART INDOOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM

This paper presents the design and development of an intelligent air quality monitoring system that utilizes the widely adopted and versatile Arduino Uno microcontroller as its foundational platform. The system underwent comprehensive testing procedures to ensure its adherence to specified requirements. Moreover, a series of experiments were conducted in diverse areas of a residential environment to generate datasets for various air quality indicators. The research findings showcase the potential of the developed system in accurately monitoring and assessing indoor air quality in real time. Enhancing indoor air quality plays a crucial role in mitigating the transmission of common airborne viruses and pollutants, thus significantly benefiting respiratory health.

Разработка программно-аппаратного комплекса управления вагонеткой на основе нейронных сетей

In the architectural world, management is inseparable from technical progress. In order for the management process to take place with greater efficiency, it is necessary to constantly introduce various technologies. One of the technologies in demand is artificial intelligence. This technology is able to imitate human behavior to perform tasks: prediction, control system design, fault detection, classification, etc. The solution of the blocking problem in this paper is applied to the transport of carbohydrates. The feasibility of using detection technology in special operating conditions. The development of neural networks and their application in various areas associated with high human activity in workplaces characterized by a high level of danger, optimization of routine processes are pre-requisites for the development of this software and hardware complex. The condition for considering the process of controlling the movement of the trolley, because this is the most identified and simplest detection of coal content in deposits. The aim of the work is to develop a hardware-software complex for controlling a trolley based on neural networks, which is a system for detecting events (empty or detected) of a trolley and controlling the direction of movement along the rail tracks. For this purpose, the author analyzed the characteristics of the object, conducted a study of the literature on the topic, assembled a sample of the system, and developed a software product. The results of modeling and withdrawal of the work done are given. The trolley was controlled thanks to the game of the Arduino UNO microcontroller.

Management of the First Stage of Labor with Electronic Vibration

Prolonged labor is potentially dangerous for the mother and fetus. This can be prevented by stimulating the release of the hormone oxytocin to increase uterine contractions so that prolonged labor does not occur. So a tool is needed to stimulate the hormone oxytocin which is made as comfortable as possible. Apart from helping speed up the process of the first stage of labor, this tool can also stimulate the release of the hormone prolactin to help milk production. This system was designed using the Arduino Uno microcontroller type ESP8266, working to stimulate the nipples through vibration. From the results of this study it was found that the vibrations produced could help stimulate the release of the hormone oxytocin so that the first stage of labor took place 72.40% faster than the old theory of the first stage of labour. Highlights: Prolonged labor risks: Emphasizes the potential danger for both mother and fetus in cases of prolonged labor. Oxytocin stimulation: Highlights the importance of stimulating oxytocin release to prevent prolonged labor and promote uterine contractions. Arduino Uno and nipple vibration: Introduces the specific tool designed using Arduino Uno microcontroller and nipple vibration for oxytocin stimulation during labor. Keywords: prolonged labor, oxytocin stimulation, Arduino Uno, nipple vibration, faster labor

Prototype Alat Pendeteksi Kebakaran Menggunakan Sensor Flame dan MQ-2 Berbasis Arduino Uno

Fires can occur due to uncontrolled activities such as short circuits, littering of cigarette residues, gas leaks, human carelessness and natural factors that cause fires to appear. This research aims to design a prototype fire detector using a flame sensor to detect fire and an MQ-2 sensor to detect smoke and gas based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. When these sensors detect the presence of fire, smoke and gas objects, the Buzzer and LEDs that have been programmed into indicators will be active as an early warning that a fire has occurred. The results of the tests that have been carried out in this study are the Arduino Uno Microcontroller works well to perform data processing. Testing the flame sensor at a distance of 5-25 cm causes the alarm to sound and the LED lights up as an indicator that the sensor is functioning in detecting hotspots. The MQ-2 sensor successfully detects the presence of smoke and gas at a density value of 760-775ppm. So this tool can help in providing a fire warning.

Determination of Quantity Fertilizer for Sugarcane Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Fertilization plays a very large role in crop yields if done in the right way, effective and efficient fertilization will be achieved if the soil fertility conditions are known in advance. However, the problem is that farmer fertilization is still carried out by means of estimates based on land area without estimating the factor of soil needs.In this study the system uses a Wireless Sensor Network where there are 2 nodes installed on the land to monitor the measurement of soil moisture, soil pH, and nutrients using soil moisture sensors, soil pH sensors, and NPK sensors. From these sensors, it will be integrated through the Arduino Uno microcontroller which will later be connected to the LoRa system to send measurement information data on the land to the raspberry pi.The communication system between nodes is designed with a peer to per topology. The results of this study are the use of appropriate fertilizers and then can restore soil conditions to ideal soil conditions. From the experimental results, it is found that the peer to peer communication system can work well.

Design and Development of a Low-Cost Fuel Consumption Meter for the Performance Testing of Agricultural Machinery

The fuel consumption of an engine is an essential parameter that needs to be measured during the testing of an agricultural machinery. Commercially available fuel meters are expensive. The purpose of the study is to develop a fuel meter with data logging capabilities using inexpensive materials. The developed fuel meter follows the gravimetric principle in which the initial and final weights of the fuel after a specified amount time has elapsed are obtained and used to calculate the fuel consumption. The main components were the Arduino UNO microcontroller, data logging shield, and a load cell sensor. It was calibrated for diesel and gasoline fuels during the actual testing of different agricultural machinery such as centrifugal pumps, small engines, two-wheel tractors, and four-wheel tractors. Data were compared to the existing fuel meter and calibration curves were generated. Separate tanks were used for both the gasoline and diesel fuel to avoid mixing of fuels and damaging the engine. The generated equations for diesel fuel (y = 1.0957x – 0.0962) and for gasoline fuel (y = 0.8551x – 0.0017) were implemented in the Arduino code. A paired T-test was conducted and it showed that at a 5% level of significance, there is no significant variation in the data before calibration (p= 0.054) and after calibration (p= 0.550) for diesel fuel. While at a 5% level of significance, there is a significant variation in the data before calibration (p=1.03e-8 ) for gasoline fuel but showed no significant variation after calibration (p=0.610). In comparison to the existing fuel meter (Ono Sokki FX-1100 Series), the percent difference obtained before calibration ranges from 1.05% to 27.12%, and after calibration ranges from 0% to 6.39% for diesel fuel. The percent difference obtained before calibration ranges from 10.18% to 19.96% and 2.03% to 9.40% after calibration for gasoline fuel in comparison to the volumetric method fuel meter of AMTEC. After performing calibration and statistical analysis, the developed fuel meter can be considered as good as the existing fuel meters of AMTEC. The researchers recommend to provide dampers to isolate the vibration that affects weight measurement during testing or use a different sensor like an inline flow sensor to eliminate this problem. The inline flow sensor also allows the design of the fuel meter to be simpler and it will be easier to transport and use during field testing of agricultural machinery. An inline flow sensor with a wide range of capacity would be applicable for testing of agricultural machinery

Use of full automated microfluidic technique for determination of Zinc (II) in pharmaceutical preparations with 8-Hydroxyquinoline

The full automated microfluidic system has been designed for the determination of zinc (II) ion in pharmaceutical samples home-made. Two-channel microchips (30 μl×4 cm) was designed in this study. The proposed system was controlled by using Arduino UNO and Mega microcontrollers. The first type was utilized to control the homemade micro-peristaltic pump to withdraw samples and chemical reagents in the microchip and then to the spectrophotometer equipment with 7-microliter flow cell. The other one type is Mega, was used as a data-logger to manipulate and recording the results as peak height corresponding the concentration by using Microsoft Excel 2016 program. The linearity was ranged 1-7 µg/ml, the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9998. The relative standard deviation for ten measurements of Zn(II) ion 4 µg/ml was (0.982%), as well as the detection limit was 0.125 µg/ml. The dilution factor of this system was 1.07.

USER EXPERIENCE DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE – AN APPLICATION WITH ARDUINO

User experience design, which provides the emergence of user-oriented designs, while meeting the needs of users functionally, also deals with their emotions and perceptions. With this interactive design approach, personalized design alternatives can be offered in accordance with the expectations of the users. At the same time, the flexibility with changing conditions, demands and pleasures ensures that designs are sustainable. Architecture is one of the disciplines where user experience design can effectively use. The inability of changing of buildings in traditional architecture causes another inability that to respond user’s current needs and demands. Thus, in modern architecture many researchers and designers investigate for a solution to create different spaces. Moving, flexible and interactive spaces, which are shaped with demands and needs of the users, give importance to the user experience. In this context, a tent was designed as a temporary shelter with caring the user experience and changes depending on the demands and needs of the user, by using the Arduino Uno microcontroller development board. The prototype experiments of the tent design, which was modeled with SketchUp and rendered with Lumion, were made with the Fritzing program. Arduino Uno, sensors, lamp, relay module and servo motors were used in the tent design and the space was enabled to interact with the user's different senses. Two different sensors, temperature-humidity and sound were used in the study. The temperature-humidity sensor interacts with both the user and the environment. Since precipitation occurs when the relative humidity in the air reaches 100%, the program is coded to turn off the panel on the top of the tent when the humidity in the air reaches 70%. With the help of the sound sensor, predetermined colors are lit on the front panel of the tent with the user's hand clap. In the study, it is aimed to create different experiences by providing the interaction between the body and the space.

Robotic Arm Control Using Arduino

Today technology is developing in the same direction in line with rapidly increasing human needs. The work done to meet these needs makes life easier every day, and these studies are concentrated in robotic arm studies. Robot arm works with an outside user or by performing predetermined commands. Nowadays, the most developed field of robot arms in every field is the industry and medicine sector. Designed and realized in the project, the robot arm has the ability to move in 3 axis direction with 4 servomotors. Thanks to the holder, you can take the desired material from one place and carry it to another place, and also mix it with the material it receives. While doing this, robot control is provided by connecting potentiometer and then Jumper wires connected to Arduino Uno microcontroller. Key Words: Technology, Arduino, Robotic, Servo motor, Potentiometer,

Design of a Safety Device Ultra Violet Light for Mercury Identification in Whitening Cream with Thin Layer Chromatography Method Using Camera OV7670 Based on Arduino Uno

Mercury is also called “air raksa” or hydrargyrum which is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and belongs to the heavy metal group with a liquid form and silvery color. Mercury is a heavy metal that is harmful to the skin when added to cosmetics, especially creams on the face, even in small concentrations because it is toxic. Identification of Mercury in the laboratory using the thin layer chromatography method with the help of ultra violet light causes medical personnel to be vulnerable to exposure to ultra violet rays which have a negative impact on eye and skin health. The purpose of this research is to design a safety to minimize exposure to ultra violet rays when identify mercury. OV76070 which can reduce direct contact with ultra violet light identifies the present of Mercury in the whitening cream will be carried out using a thin layer chromatography separation method with the help ultra violet 254nm-366nm. With the help of ultra violet lamps 254nm-366nm, and it is hoped that Mercury inspection using the OV7670 camera will be more efficient and accurate. The tool used in this research is the OV7670 camera with a power of 640 – 460 pixels (VGA) to take photo on thin layer chromatography plate, ultra violet lamps 254nm- 366nm. Overall the design of this tool is controlled by the Arduino Uno microcontroller. Image from the OV7670 camera can be monitored at the Liquid Crystal Display in the form of the appearance fluorescence spot indicating the presence of Mercury in the whitening cream sample.

The Air Quality Monitoring Tool Based on Internet of Things to Monitor Pollution Emissions Continuously

As a result of pollutant emissions, air pollution occurs which causes various problems such as global climate change, environmental degradation, and diseases due to reduced air quality such as respiratory infections, asthma, and even lung cancer. Polluted air cannot be insulated; therefore, a tool is needed to monitor air quality. So far, in Indonesia the tool for monitoring air quality in the form of an ISPU (Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara = Air Pollution Standard Index) monitoring station submitted the data daily or not continuously. Whereas air pollution creating from emissions needs to be carried out continuously, so that in 2021, the Minister of Environment and Forestry issued a regulation on the Information System for Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). Monitoring using CEMS is deemed necessary because correct, accurate, and continuous emission data and information need to be carried out to find out emissions in an integrated manner. This research was conducted to develop CEMS based on internet of things. Pollutant sensors in the form of methane (CH₄), butane (C₄H₁₀), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate (PM_2.5), and ammonia (NH₃) are assembled on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. MQ-4 sensors are used for measuring methane (CH₄), MQ-2 sensors for butane (C₄H₁₀), MQ-7 sensors for carbon monoxide (CO), GP2Y1010AU0F sensors for particles (PM_2.5), and MQ-137 sensors for ammonia (NH₃). Data from the sensor is transmitted to the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) via the Arduino Uno microcontroller, where it is shown on smartphones as numbers. This web-based air quality monitoring program should continuously track air pollution emissions. The main finding shows that the concentration of particulate matter has the highest concentration (above the emission quality standard) among other sensors, namely 52.29 µg/m³ on June 15, 2022 in South Tangerang, Indonesia. Based on these results, air quality monitoring for (PM_2.5) should be checked periodically.

Household Electricity Utilization Monitoring System Using Microcontroller Based SCADA

Human needs continue to grow, making today's technology a necessity. In today's life, humans cannot be separated from electricity. In the household, the current electrical control system is still classified as conventional, namely by using a switch or still relatively manual. To overcome this, a SCADA system is needed to monitor and control household electrical appliances. In making the SCADA system uses an Arduino uno microcontroller and an ethernet shield that is connected via a switch/hub that goes directly to a computer that will be monitored on the VT-Scada software. The results of the delay test on the VT-Scada output are, on average, 1.80 seconds of delay when on and 1.90 seconds of delay when off. The results of monitoring the entire system in each room are as expected.

RANCANG BANGUN TEMPAT SAMPAH OTOMATIS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO UNO DENGAN SENSOR HC-SR04

Waste is the most common problem in everyday life. Waste that is scattered and piled up can become a hotbed of disease, especially during the current Covid-19 pandemic. In this study purpose to design and build a trash can works automatically. The method in design and build an automatic trash can is using waterfall method. The trash can designed using Arduino Uno microcontroller, HC-SR04 sensor and SG90 servo motor. The automatic trash can works is to detect the distance then processed by the arduino microcontroller and so SG90 servo motor will move to open and close the trash can automatically. The result of this research is that the design of the trash can can be opened with an object distance of less than 50 cm and will close for pause of 5 seconds.

Pengembangan Alat Hand Sanitizer Otomatis dengan Metode Research and Development Untuk Menjaga Kesehatan

Covid-19 is the type of virus that causes the disease SARS-CoV-2. The government has implemented policies to prevent the spread of Covid-19, one of which is to wash hands regularly using hand sanitizer. However, the use of hand sanitizers is currently still widely applied manually, namely by pressing the pump lever on the hand sanitizer. Therefore, it is important to develop an automatic hand sanitizer. The research and development (R & D) method is able to create a product that has a high validity value because it goes through a series of testing and validation stages. This research is developing an automatic hand sanitizer with research and development methods. The result of this research is an automatic hand sanitizer device based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller with two servo motors as the driving force for the hand sanitizer and an ultrasonic sensor as input. The tools developed were proven to be more effective than manual tools based on a wider test with the percentage of manual tools being 50.00% and automatic hand sanitizers being 88.33%. Automatic hand sanitizer is expected to be able to maintain current health.