Arduino Shield Research Articles

Floor Cleaning Robot using Android App

The contemporary household landscape is witnessing a paradigm shift towards enhanced intelligence and automation. The integration of home automation systems not only provides increased convenience but also affords individuals more time for other pursuits. This project endeavors to conceptualize and actualize a Vacuum Robot that operates autonomously and manually through a designated mobile application. The Vacuum Cleaner Robot, utilizing components such as Arduino Mega, Arduino Shield, LDR Sensor, Real-Time Clock, Motor Shield L293D, Ultrasonic Sensor, and IR Sensor, aims to streamline the cleaning process, replacing manual vacuuming with an efficient automated solution. The primary objective of this initiative is to successfully design and implement a prototype Vacuum Robot that adheres to user-friendly criteria outlined in the aforementioned context.

Design and integration of a radiation detector module for robot operating system (ROS)

In this paper, we present a radiation detector module that can be seamlessly integrated with Robot Operating System (ROS) to enable robots to perform radiation measurements in hazardous environments. The module is designed with a detector PCB and connectors that are compatible with an Arduino shield. The Arduino firmware is programmed with a counter-timer algorithm and publishes data to the ROS environment, allowing for easy visualization of the data in a 2D occupancy map. Our experimental results demonstrate the module’s effectiveness in inspecting and reconstructing the robot’s path during operations. This paper provides a valuable contribution to the field of robotics by enabling robots to perform radiation measurements safely and accurately in dangerous environments.

PolArStat: An Arduino based potentiostat for low-power electrochemical applications

A potentiostatic circuit for low-power applications in the range of ±3.3V and ±13.75mA is developed. The device achieves a full-scale resolution of ≈1.6mV and ≈1μA — sufficient for a wide range of electroanalytical experiments. For controlling the potentiostat a Python-based graphical user interface (GUI) is developed and implemented in our open-source electrochemistry software Polarographica. This enables electroanalytical experiments such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) in a live-graphing environment at an operational convenience similar to commercial devices, combined with a powerful tool for subsequent data analysis. The performance of our potentiostat is validated by the excellent agreement of CV and CA data acquired with five different in-house built devices and a commercial Gamry Reference 620. Finally, we provide a printed circuit board (PCB) design of our device as an Arduino shield that requires only a minimum of additional components. This powerful open-source tool is suitable for customized electrochemical experiments at material costs of less than 40 €.

Ötz-T: 3D-printed open-source turbidity sensor with Arduino shield for suspended sediment monitoring

Fine sediment production in catchments and transport through rivers to floodplains and coastal areas is extremely important for riverine, coastal and marine ecosystems, nutrient transport, global biogeochemical cycles, water quality and pollution. Due to the high cost of suspended sediment monitoring technology, it is extremely difficult to obtain a complete understanding of the physical connections between climate, hydrology, fluvial processes, and sediment fluxes, which requires measurements at many locations. For this reason, we have built an open-source turbidity sensor that brings accessibility to global river research. Compared to commercial turbidity sensors (>6000€), our low-cost version (∼200€) allows for multiple deployment and therefore a high spatial coverage of sediment fluxes. It is an optical scatter sensor with an 850 nm LED and two IR detectors, and features a temperature and pressure sensor. Our sensor is 3D-printed on a hobby printer and is programmed with Arduino IDE, making it accessible to those without high-tech workshop access and limited programming skills. It features a printed circuit board that stacks on top of an ultra low-power Arduino MKR WAN 1310, for durability and easy assembly. The sensor was tested during a flood in September 2022 on the Ötztal Ache in Tirol, Austria.

3D프린터와 아두이노를 활용한 교육용 휴머노이드 로봇

Among the types of robots, it is not easy to make a robot that walks on two legs. For this, it is necessary to be able to create software that can control precise servomotor settings and various operations. This process is very difficult for beginners and not easy to make because there is no suitable Arduino shield shape for the robot. Therefore, in this study, a method for manufacturing Arduino and plug-in type shield was proposed. In addition, the process of developing a PC control program that can simplify motion control, manufacturing a robot, and setting servo motor values to easily control motion was introduced. It is expected that this will be of great help to novice developers who are interested in making robots.

Soil Temperature Prediction via Self-Training: Izmir Case

This paper proposes a new model, called Soil Temperature prediction via Self-Training (STST), which successfully estimates the soil temperature at various soil depths by using machine learning methods. The previous studies on soil temperature prediction only use labeled data which is composed of a variable set X and the corresponding target value Y. Unlike the previous studies, our proposed STST method aims to raise the sample size with unlabeled data when the amount of pre-labeled data is scarce to form a model for prediction. In this study, the hourly soil-related data collected by IoT devices (Arduino Mega, Arduino Shield) and some sensors (DS18B20 soil temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor) and meteorological data collected for nearly nine months were taken into consideration for soil temperature estimation for future samples. According to the experimental results, the proposed STST model accurately predicted the values of soil temperature for test cases at the depths of 10, 20 30, 40, and 50 cm. The data was collected for a single soil type under different environmental conditions so that it contains different air temperature, humidity, dew point, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and ultraviolet index values. Especially, the XGBoost method combined with self-training (ST-XGBoost) obtained the best results at all soil depths (R2 0.905-0.986, MSE 0.385-2.888, and MAPE 3.109%-8.740%). With this study, by detecting how the soil temperature will change in the future, necessary precautions for plant development can be taken earlier and agricultural returns can be obtained beforehand.

Car Parking Distance Controller Using Ultrasonic Sensors Based On Arduino Uno

The design of a car parking sensor is done because there are some problems such as the absence of parking attendants from 18:00 to 06:00 and the lack of parking attendants so the researchers took the title of arduino uno-based car parking distance controller by using ultrasonic sensors in this study using 3 main components, namely Arduino UNO, Arduino MP3 Shield and Ultrasonic HC-SR04. Arduino Shield MP3 is a module that is used to play sound. MP3 which can give voice commands that have been programmed before using Arduino IDE and combined with Ultrasonic HC-SR04 components in the calculation of the distance to the object. The distance (cm) obtained as input is then processed and then combined with the Arduino Shield MP3, then at a predetermined distance will output a predetermined voice command. Then the method used is the prototype method which starts from designing, writing the system, implementing it with the aim of making a prototype of a car parking sensor and testing it with a prototype. Conclusion testing the car sensor sensor car makes it easy for car drivers to park the car.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Controlled with an IGBT H-Bridge and Bidirectional Buck-Boost for Low-Cost 4G Devices.

In this work, a semi-submersible piezoelectric energy harvester was used to provide power to a low-cost 4G Arduino shield. Initially, unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS)-based simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamic forces under different conditions. An adaptive differential evolution (JADE) multivariable optimization algorithm was used for the power calculations. After JADE optimization, a communication cycle was designed. The shield works in two modes: communication and power saving. The power-saving mode is active for 285 s and the communication mode for 15 s. This cycle consumes a determinate amount of power, which requires a specific piezoelectric material and, in some situations, an extra power device, such as a battery or supercapacitor. The piezoelectric device is able to work at the maximum power point using a specific Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) H-bridge controlled with a relay action. For the extra power supply, a bidirectional buck–boost converter was implemented to flow the energy in both directions. This electronic circuit was simulated to compare the extra power supply and the piezoelectric energy harvester behavior. Promising results were obtained in terms of power production and energy storage. We used 0.59, 0.67 and 1.69 W piezoelectric devices to provide the energy for the 4G shield and extra power supply device.

Smart Irrigation System Using Iot And Image Processing

Today the farmers are finding difficulty in monitoring the field about moisture content and temperature of the field. Hence, this project is developed to monitor the farms using the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and Image processing. The solar panel is used in our project to utilize the renewable energy which acts as an uninterruptable power sources. The Battery is used to store the energy from the Solar panel via Charge Controller (MPPT). The Soil moisture sensor and the Humidity sensors are used to monitor the moisture content of the soil and also the temperature and humidity of the surroundings. The DC Pump can be controlled automatically (switched ON/OFF) by the Arduino, Ethernet shield and Relay, based on the soil moisture and the temperature level. These data’s and the condition of the DC Pump are send to the BLYNK ANDROID App to monitor the farms and lands by simply login to our account, and the condition of the DC Pump is also notified to the user Email with the help of internet connections by using Arduino and Ethernet shield. In image processing technique the health condition of the crop is intimated to the user with the help of Raspberry pi and webcam. The Raspberry pi captures the images of the crops and checks the images of the crops to detect its health condition whether it is infected or in Healthy condition. And the condition of the crops is intimated to the user by sending its images and health condition of the crops by E-mail notifications. This can be monitored from any part of the world.

Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost GPS Time Server Based on NTP

Time synchronization is required to maintain a precise clock. In this paper, a low-cost GPS NTP server has been realized using inexpensive arduino, GPS receiver, and ethernet shield. The performance of low cost GPS NTP server has been compared with the performance of commercial GPS NTP server (TM1000A). The results showed that both time server has synchronization success rate of 100% with average clock offset -8,69 ms for low cost GPS NTP server and -10,1538 ms for TM1000A. However, TM1000A have better clock offset deviation area compared with low cost GPS NTP server. TM1000A has a smaller clock offset deviation area, which is between -8 ms to -12 ms while low cost GPS NTP server has larger clock offset deviation area, which is between -20 ms to +10 ms. With production costs of less than 29 USD, we offer cheap GPS NTP servers as an alternative GPS NTP server for time synchronization on computer networks.

A Novel Cloud-Based Temperature Monitoring Service to Datacenter Environment

As temperature-efficient of cloud datacenters becomes one of many challenges faces the engineers in today’s business environment, virtualized monitoring the resources over these datacenters is the cloud provider’s interest in a way the providers can control their temperature remotely anywhere around the world. Techniques proposed by existing works are focused on executing many cloud modules on less cloud-server which cannot be practical because massive volume of cloud modules will be scheduled by cloud tenants. This motivated us to present a novel solution and propose a real-time temperature aware for cloud network datacenters. The proposed paradigm is constructed based on defining dual thresholds per datacenter to control the level of temperature. Moreover, we have set the upper threshold to 25 degree and the lower one to 15 degree. Surpassing these values alerts network administrator through cloud-based software service to operate the cooling unit(s). The microcontrollers that have been incorporated are both Arduino and GSM Shield. The simulation results showed that our heuristic had the ability to control the temperature per datacenter approximately 63%.

Activity and health monitoring systems

Abstract This paper presents an Open Platform Activity and health monitoring systems which are also called e-Health systems. These systems measure and store parameters that reflect changes in the human body. Due to continuous monitoring (e.g. in rest state and in physical effort state), a specialist can learn about the individual's physiological parameters. Because the human body is a complex system, the examiner can notice some changes within the body by looking at the physiological parameters. Six different sensors ensure us that the patient's individual parameters are monitored. The main components of the device are: A Raspberry Pi 3 small single-board computer, an e-Health Sensor Platform by Cooking-Hacks, a Raspberry Pi to Arduino Shields Connection Bridge and a 7-inch Raspberry Pi 3 touch screen. The processing unit is the Raspberry Pi 3 board. The Raspbian operating system runs on the Raspberry Pi 3, which provides a solid base for the software. Every examination can be controlled by the touch screen. The measurements can be started with the graphical interface by pressing a button and every measured result can be represented on the GUI’s label or on the graph. The results of every examination can be stored in a database. From that database the specialist can retrieve every personalized data.

Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors.

A low-cost air quality station has been developed for real-time monitoring of main atmospheric pollutants. Sensors for CO, CO2, NO2, O3, VOC, PM2.5 and PM10 were integrated on an Arduino Shield compatible board. As concerns PM2.5 and PM10 sensors, the station underwent a laboratory calibration and later a field validation. Laboratory calibration has been carried out at the headquarters of CNR-IBIMET in Florence (Italy) against a TSI DustTrak reference instrument. A MATLAB procedure, implementing advanced mathematical techniques to detect possible complex non-linear relationships between sensor signals and reference data, has been developed and implemented to accomplish the laboratory calibration. Field validation has been performed across a full “heating season” (1 November 2016 to 15 April 2017) by co-locating the station at a road site in Florence where an official fixed air quality station was in operation. Both calibration and validation processes returned fine scores, in most cases better than those achieved for similar systems in the literature. During field validation, in particular, for PM2.5 and PM10 mean biases of 0.036 and 0.598 µg/m3, RMSE of 4.056 and 6.084 µg/m3, and R2 of 0.909 and 0.957 were achieved, respectively. Robustness of the developed station, seamless deployed through a five and a half month outdoor campaign without registering sensor failures or drifts, is a further key point.

Wireless Sensor Network Design for Earthquake’s and Landslide’s Early Warnings

<p>Indonesia including the earthquake-prone areas because Indonesia is situated between three tectonic plates and in the Maluku island it self has a fault line 10 zones, the impact of frequent tectonic earthquake on the island of Maluku resulted in a domino effect, such as the frequent occurrence of soil landslides at several points in the city of Ambon, and due to faults that occur lead ease rising sea levels to population centers so Ambon was becoming flooded. This research aims to design and analyzing measurements of earthquake monitoring system indication and landslides integrated via Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) by implementing a star topology, technology, ZigBee, WiFi technology Shield and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). Researchers technology utilizes Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to acquire and distribute widely the data to be monitored and controlled centrally.By detecting suspicious indicators such as tremor or landslides through nodes or end devices, the system provides information to the number of monitors and warnings. The system can also be accessed in real-time via the website by accessing the IP address of the Wireless-LAN devices Wi-Fi Arduino Shield.</p>

US Geothermal Funding Outlook (Reducing Cost Barriers for HT SOI Reservoir Monitoring Systems)

ABSTRACT The presentation of this paper will discuss the expected funding levels from the US Dept. of Energy available for geothermal research. However, at the time this paper submitted for publication at HiTEC, those funding levels have not been publically released. This paper examines the use of Arduino systems for developing geothermal well monitoring systems and logging tools. The Arduino is a low cost, public domain micro processing system commonly used for teaching machine programming at the high school level. These systems enjoy open domain support and many levels of self-help books. The Arduino enjoys worldwide acceptance for teaching high school students how to build and program robotic machines. The Arduino system is so popular, Ebay.com lists 2,244 “Arduino Kits”. Kits for learning robotics, operating 3D printers, monitoring sensors and other general applications in electronics. This paper examines using the Arduino system for scientific measurement purposes. Two application examples are given: 275°C well monitoring tool interface and a simple, very low cost temperature logging tool. This paper highlights two new Arduino Shield for scientific measurements: a 22Bit ADC and a 12Bit DAC programmable power supply for powering high temperature downhole tools.

Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring & Control of Environmental Factors using Arduino

<strong><em>Today there is demand to monitor environmental factors almost in all research institutes and industries and even for domestic uses. The analog data measurement requires manual effort to note readings and there may be a possibility of human error. Such type of systems fail to provide and store precise values of parameters with high accuracy. Analog systems are having drawback of storage/memory. Therefore, there is a requirement of a smart system which is fully automated, accurate and capable enough to monitor all the environmental parameters with utmost possible accuracy. Besides, it should be cost-effective as well as portable too. This paper represents the Wireless Sensor(WS) data communication using DHT11, Arduino, SIM900A GSM module, a mobile device and Liquid Crystal Display(LCD). Experimental setup includes the heating arrangement of DHT11 and transmission of its data using Arduino and SIM900A GSM shield. The mobile device receives the data using Arduino, GSM shield and displays it on LCD too. Heating arrangement is used to heat and cool the temperature sensor to study its characteristics.</em></strong>

Remote Lab for Robotics Applications

This article describes the development of a remote lab environment used to test and training sessions for robotics tasks. This environment is made up of the components and devices based on two robotic arms, a network link, Arduino card and Arduino shield for Ethernet, as well as an IP camera. The remote laboratory is implemented to perform remote control of the robotic arms with visual feedback by camera, of the robots actions, where, with a group of test users, it was possible to obtain performance ranges in tasks of telecontrol of up to 92%.

Web based, low cost and modular home automation system

Original scientific paper Home automation systems allow the user to easily control lighting, security, ventilation, temperature etc. in the house and monitor their operation. This project aims to reduce costs, wasted time and energy consumption of home automation systems by developing a system which makes use of sufficient hardware, which everyone can easily modify and expand, due to plug & play capability and also which can be controlled not by an extra remote controller or other device, but by any device which can already access the internet. In this present study, which uses Arduino and Arduino Shields, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to control different home equipment using the Zigbee wireless protocol. Users will be able to list all these active devices and operate them via a web page broadcasted by an Arduino.

Adiabatic fast passage application in solid state NMR study of cross relaxation and molecular dynamics in heteronuclear systems

The paper presents the benefits of using fast adiabatic passage for the study of molecular dynamics in the solid state heteronuclear systems in the laboratory frame. A homemade pulse spectrometer operating at the frequency of 30.2MHz and 28.411MHz for protons and fluorines, respectively, has been enhanced with microcontroller direct digital synthesizer DDS controller [1–4]. This work briefly describes how to construct a low-cost and easy-to-assemble adiabatic extension set for homemade and commercial spectrometers based on recently very popular Arduino shields. The described set was designed for fast adiabatic generation. Timing and synchronization problems are discussed.The cross-relaxation experiments with different initial states of the two spin systems have been performed. Contrary to our previous work [5] where the steady-state NOE experiments were conducted now proton spins 1H are polarized in the magnetic field B0 while fluorine spins 19F are perturbed by selective saturation for a short time and then the system is allowed to evolve for a period in the absence of a saturating field. The adiabatic passage application leads to a reversal of magnetization of fluorine spins and increases the amplitude of the signal.

An Experimental Realization of a Chaos-Based Secure Communication Using Arduino Microcontrollers.

Security and secrecy are some of the important concerns in the communications world. In the last years, several encryption techniques have been proposed in order to improve the secrecy of the information transmitted. Chaos-based encryption techniques are being widely studied as part of the problem because of the highly unpredictable and random-look nature of the chaotic signals. In this paper we propose a digital-based communication system that uses the logistic map which is a mathematically simple model that is chaotic under certain conditions. The input message signal is modulated using a simple Delta modulator and encrypted using a logistic map. The key signal is also encrypted using the same logistic map with different initial conditions. In the receiver side, the binary-coded message is decrypted using the encrypted key signal that is sent through one of the communication channels. The proposed scheme is experimentally tested using Arduino shields which are simple yet powerful development kits that allows for the implementation of the communication system for testing purposes.