Arduino Microcontroller Board Research Articles

Tampilan Nama Hari Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno Menggunakan Saklar Tekan pada Project Board

Arduino Uno is a variant of Arduino microcontroller board products. Arduino Uno uses AVR Atmega 328 microcontroller. With various advantages, In appearance (Display) the name of the day using Arduino Uno microcontroller technology is usually directly programmed. But sometimes the design of tools is moved when uploading the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) program, therefore a push button (push button) is used to change the appearance of the day's name. For this study using a push switch (Push Button) in overcoming the error.

Vehicle Starter using Face Recognition

Face acknowledgment is an interesting exploration subject as of late. The scientists proposed different strategies. The factors are similar to an assortment of lighting up, outward appearance, leveling, and perspective turn of events influences the precision of the face affirmation procedure. The fundamental requirement is the separation of the facial picture and the SURF (Speeded up Robust Features). Notwithstanding that they are additionally halfway invariable to brightening and relative change. This undertaking recommends a facial acknowledgment procedure utilizing SURF highlights and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed technique can prompt high acknowledgment productivity. The proposed framework is applied to vehicle get to control by interfacing the Arduino microcontroller board with PC.

GASDUINO-Wireless Air Quality Monitoring System Using Internet of Things

The Health Effects Institute (HEI) reported recently that the deaths from the negative health effects of the air pollution in the Middle East Region is about 500,000 people. Therefore, this paper presents a new design and development of portable system; called GASDUINO that allows the user to measure the quality of air using the Internet of Things (IoT). The main components of developed GASDUINO system are the Arduino microcontroller board, Gas sensor (MQ-135), Android user interface (UI) connected with all things via Remote XY Arduino cloud. The developed system can alarm the users about the dangerous levels of the air quality index (AQI) or the particle per million (PPM) levels in the range of 0 to above 200 PPM. The developed GASDUINO system is considered as an essential environmental module in the development and sustainability of future smart cities.

Globally Controlled Robot using IoT

Nowadays, robots in military have become an alternative to human soldiers. Theses robots are in a position to handle different types of operations. They should be able work in different situations and areas. This paper presents the development of a robot with sensors, surveillance camera and a microcontroller. The main purpose of the robot is to prevent the terrorist attack throughout the world by monitoring and controlling of mobile robot via internet. An Arduino microcontroller board has been use of for this. The control and monitoring of robot is through an application, connected to web page. The Camera connected to the robot acts as the eye and the PIR sensor will detect the person or object that enters into the surveillance area. Whenever a suspicious person or object is found, an alarm would be generated and sent to defined authorities. These robot can be controlled from anywhere in the world by using IOT.

Cloud based Power Failure Sensing and Management Model for the Electricity Grid in Developing Countries: A Case of Zambia

In most developing countries, huge parts of the electric power grid are not monitored making it difficult for the service provider to determine when there is a power failure in the electric grid, especially if the power failure occurs in the Low Voltage level. Clients usually have to call and inform the utility’s customer service centre to report a power failure. However, this system of addressing power outages is not very effective and usually results in long durations of system interruptions. This paper proposes a cloud based power failure sensing system to enable automatic power failure sensing and reporting as well as monitoring of the low voltage power network in Zambia, a developing country in Southern Africa. A baseline study was conducted to determine the challenges faced by both the electric power utility company called Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO) and the electricity consumers in the current power failure reporting management model. The results from the baseline study indicate that challenges are being faced by electricity consumers when it comes to reporting power failures. These include failure to get through to the customer call centre due to constantly engaged lines, unanswered calls, failed calls and network failure. The challenge faced by the electricity service provider is the inability to attend to all the customers through the call centre as customer calls are rejected due to limited Call Centre system resources. To address these challenges the proposed cloud based power failure sensor model made use of a Voltage sensor circuit, Arduino Microcontroller board, SIM808 GSM/GPRS/GPS module, cloud architecture, Web Application and Google Map API. Results from the proposed model show improved reporting time, location information and quick response to power failures.

Arduino based Smart Home Automation System

Around the World massive quantities of energy are consumed in residential buildings leading to a negative impact on the environment. Also, the number of wireless connected devices in use around the World is constantly and rapidly increasing, leading to potential health risks due to over exposer to electromagnetic radiation. An opportunity appears to reduce the energy consumption in residential buildings by introducing smart home automation systems. Multiple such solutions are available in the market with most of them being wireless, so the challenge is to design such systems that would limit the quantity of newly generated electromagnetic radiation. For this we look at several wired, serial communication methods and we successfully test such a method using a simple protocol to exchange data between an Arduino microcontroller board and a Visual C# app running on a Windows computer. We aim to show that if desired, smart home automation systems can still be built using simple viable alternatives to wireless communication.

Making an efficient but cost-effective automated goniometric device for a light-scattering study

A goniometer is an instrument which is frequently used in optics and other branches of physics. It enables the study of light scattered in various directions from a solid, liquid or powdered sample. The goniometric instruments that are already available on the market are designed for a specific purpose and are quite costly. Fully-computerized devices—which automatically acquire data and control the positions of the light source and detector—are even more expensive. In this work, the instrumentation of a self-fabricated, low cost, but fully computerized goniometric instrument designed for studying a light-scattering problem in planetary science is described in detail. This device uses Arduino microcontroller boards for acquiring data, and stepper motors are employed for automated control of the positions of the light source and detector. A low-cost but high-intensity laser diode was used as the light source, and a very sensitive photodiode integrated circuit was used as the light detector. This work has a pedagogical value in the sense that the reader will benefit from learning about the techniques used, the components and their calibration, the software, etc. More importantly, the cost-effectiveness of this work may be beneficial to many experimentalists and instrument designers working in this field, to control their project budgets.

A low-cost cryogenic temperature measurement system using Arduino microcontroller

We developed a simple, flexible, low-cost, and computer-controlled cryogenic temperature measurement system for undergraduate instructional laboratories. An Arduino microcontroller board measures the voltage across a silicon diode, which is connected to a constant circuit. We present a graphical user interface based on the open-source Processing language. The system works at a reasonable accuracy from 297.15 K (typical room temperature) down to 77 K (liquid nitrogen temperature).

Studying Avogadro’s Law with Arduino

Asensor of the type BMP180, together with Arduino, is used to easily measure at­mospheric pressure and temperature at schools. The open source Arduino microcontroller board presents countless teaching applications in science and engineering projects. It allows students to implant their creativity into a friendly environment and take ownership of their scientific explorations. Schools take advantage by incorporating Arduino into the learning and teaching process because of the inexpensive cost of the experiments and the educational experiences being provided to students. The potential of the Arduino platform in physics education is well known, and most students are usually excited by physics labs based on it.

A Low-Cost, Multi-Sensor System to Monitor Temporary Stream Dynamics in Mountainous Headwater Catchments.

While temporary streams account for more than half of the global discharge, high spatiotemporal resolution data on the three main hydrological states (dry streambed, standing water, and flowing water) of temporary stream remains sparse. This study presents a low-cost, multi-sensor system to monitor the hydrological state of temporary streams in mountainous headwaters. The monitoring system consists of an Arduino microcontroller board combined with an SD-card data logger shield, and four sensors: an electrical resistance (ER) sensor, temperature sensor, float switch sensor, and flow sensor. The monitoring system was tested in a small mountainous headwater catchment, where it was installed on multiple locations in the stream network, during two field seasons (2016 and 2017). Time-lapse cameras were installed at all monitoring system locations to evaluate the sensor performance. The field tests showed that the monitoring system was power efficient (running for nine months on four AA batteries at a five-minute logging interval) and able to reliably log data (<1% failed data logs). Of the sensors, the ER sensor (99.9% correct state data and 90.9% correctly timed state changes) and flow sensor (99.9% correct state data and 90.5% correctly timed state changes) performed best (2017 performance results). A setup of the monitoring system with these sensors can provide long-term, high spatiotemporal resolution data on the hydrological state of temporary streams, which will help to improve our understanding of the hydrological functioning of these important systems.

Using scratch programming to control photogates in educational physics experiments

This frontline shows how to build a computer-controlled photogate using Snap4Arduino, a programming environment derived from Scratch for controlling the Arduino microcontroller board. The advantages of the proposed photogate are that it is affordable to schools, easy-to-assemble and simple to use by younger students in secondary schools who are not familiar with programming languages. An experiment was conceived to evaluate the device proposed that matched the performance of a commercial photogate. We show that the computer-controlled photogate setup can be used in experiments with objects moving fast (like in free fall) with a good precision.

High-speed device synchronization in optical microscopy with an open-source hardware control platform

Azimuthal beam scanning eliminates the uneven excitation field arising from laser interference in through-objective total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. The same principle can be applied to scanning angle interference microscopy (SAIM), where precision control of the scanned laser beam presents unique technical challenges for the builders of custom azimuthal scanning microscopes. Accurate synchronization between the instrument computer, beam scanning system and excitation source is required to collect high quality data and minimize sample damage in SAIM acquisitions. Drawing inspiration from open-source prototyping systems, like the Arduino microcontroller boards, we developed a new instrument control platform to be affordable, easily programmed, and broadly useful, but with integrated, precision analog circuitry and optimized firmware routines tailored to advanced microscopy. We show how the integration of waveform generation, multiplexed analog outputs, and native hardware triggers into a single central hub provides a versatile platform for performing fast circle-scanning acquisitions, including azimuthal scanning SAIM and multiangle TIRF. We also demonstrate how the low communication latency of our hardware platform can reduce image intensity and reconstruction artifacts arising from synchronization errors produced by software control. Our complete platform, including hardware design, firmware, API, and software, is available online for community-based development and collaboration.

An affordable custom phantom for measurement of linac time delay in gated treatments with irregular breathing.

Respiratory gated treatments are now common in order to reduce tumour motion uncertainties due to breathing. One issue associated with gated treatments is the time delay between the gating system and the linear accelerator. In this study we develop and characterise an affordable phantom to be used in routine and patient specific quality assurance (QA) of the Varian Real-Time Position Management™ (RPM) system. A photodiode has been incorporated into the phantom in order to estimate the time delay. A commercial Quasar phantom was customised to incorporate two stepper motors which independently control an anterior-posterior abdomen/thorax moving plate, and an inferior-superior moving lung insert. A photodiode placed in the path of the radiation is used to measure when beam on/off occurs. Two Arduino microcontroller boards have been utilised to control the motors, read the photodiode and write to an SD card. The measured beam on/off, correlated to the known positions of the phantom is compared to the gate window for RPM. The time delay was measured for sinusoidal movements with a period of 7.50s and 3.75s, and for three patient breathing traces. For the sinusoidal movements, time delays of 150 ± 34ms and 39 ± 34ms were measured, for 7.50s and 3.75s periods, respectively. In the case of the patients' breathing traces time delays of 135 ± 26ms, 137 ± 34ms and 129 ± 28ms were measured. An affordable motion phantom has been developed for routine and patient specific QA of respiratory gating systems. It is capable of reproducing a patient's breathing waveform and performing time delay measurements with a photodiode. Results indicate a time delay of the order of 0.1-0.2s for the RPM system.

TEMPERATURE MONITORING USING HC-05 MODULE BASED ON ANDROID

Microcontrollers are now growing rapidly and are increasingly in demand in control system applications. Even now there are many microcontrollers in the form of modules. One module the most widely used microcontroller is Arduino. Arduino is a type of board that contains microcontroller. Combined with a Bluetooth module, this microcontroller can be connected via a Smartphone device. Arduino microcontroller board devices make it possible to process temperature reading data from the temperature sensor to be displayed to the display unit using Android based smartphone. Data processing results from this Arduino board will be transmitted using wireless Bluetooth media that is connected to an Android smartphone and will displayed on the LCD screen. This tool was created in order to facilitate the monitoring of temperature within a place, other tools according to field conditions. This tool uses an experimental method with steps it works Arduino as the parent that has been programmed and then gives input to the temperature sensor (LM35) for knowing the temperature of the room at that time. Before sending data, Bluetooth initialization needs to be done between Smartphone and HC 05. After that, the sensor sends data to the Arduino that will be forwarded into the LCD screen display and Smartphone device. The result of this tool is monitoring temperature against the room can be done effectively and efficiently and can be done as needed.

Development of a Prototype Smart City System for Refuse Disposal Management

The future of modern cities largely depends on how well they can tackle problems that confront them by embracing the next era of digital revolution. A vital element of such revolution is the creation of smart cities. Smart city is an evolving paradigm that involves the deployment of information communication technology wares into public or private infrastructure to provide intelligent data gathering and analysis. To align concretely with the smart city revolution in the area of environmental cleanliness, this paper involves the development of a smart city system for refuse disposal management. The architecture of the proposed system is an adaptation of the Jalali reference smart city architecture. It features four essential layers, which are signal sensing and processing, network, intelligent user application and Internet of Things (IoT) web application layers. A proof of concept prototype was implemented based on the designed architecture of the proposed system. The signal sensing and processing layer was implemented to produce a smart refuse bin that contains the Arduino microcontroller board, Wi-Fi/GSM transceiver, proximity sensor, gas sensor, temperature sensor and other relevant electronic components. The network layer provides interconnectivity among the layers via the internet. The intelligent user application layer was realized with non-browser client application, statistical feature extraction method and pattern classifiers. Whereas the IoT web application layer was realised with ThingSpeak, which is an online web application for IoT based projects. The sensors in the smart refuse bin generate multivariate dataset that corresponds to the status of refuse in the bin. Training and testing features were extracted from the dataset using first order statistical feature extraction method. Afterward, multilayer perceptron artificial neural network and support vector machine were trained and compared experimentally. The multilayer perceptron artificial neural network model gave the overall best accuracy of 98.0% and the least mean square error of 0.0036.

Automated Laboratory Infiltrometer to Estimate Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Using an Arduino Microcontroller Board

This paper describes the design, calibration and testing processes of a new device named Automated Laboratory Infiltrometer (ALI). It allows to determinate in laboratory, under controlled conditions the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of altered or unaltered soil samples which is a key parameter to understand the movement of water through a porous medium. The ALI combines the advantages of three different approaches: measures vertical infiltration rates in a soil column, measures the actual volumes of vertically drained water through the soil column, and finally, uses heat as a natural tracer to determinate water flux rates through the porous medium; all those parameters are used to determinate Ks. The ALI was developed using the popular Arduino microcontroller board and commercially available sensors that give the whole system a low cost. Data from the ALI are recorded in a microSD memory so they can be easily read from any spreadsheet software helping to reduce time consuming and avoiding reading errors. The performance of this device was evaluated by comparing the water flow rates determined by the three approaches for which is designed; an excellent correlation among them was observed (worst correlation: R2 = 0.9826 and r-RSME = 0.94%).

Development of a Low-Cost Single-Axis Shake Table Based on Arduino

Experimental setup for studying the behavior of structures are large and require high investment costs. However, comparing theoretical results to the dynamic behavior of structures using scaled structure models is a preferred research method in civil engineering. Therefore, a low-cost shake table named SARSAR with Arduino microcontroller boards has been developed for earthquake simulations. The horizontal components of the acceleration records obtained from past earthquakes are scaled and transferred to the shake table by developing software programs using an Arduino DUE board. For verification, the response of the table is measured by a data acquisition unit based on an Arduino MEGA board. The seismic ground motion along the horizontal axis is transferred to the shake table via a linear actuator system built with a ball screw assembly, linear bearings and a stepper motor.

Designing an Object Tracker Self-Balancing Robot

Real-time robots are quite common in our daily life. These robots are working as a part of the process in industry or a medical assistance in hospitals to serve humanity. Designing the robots according to the desired referent and making the given tasks with high accuracy makes them more and more popular in these days. In this work, the designed two-wheeled balancing robots with integrated camera track object autonomously. This work has two important stages. The first stage is about balancing the robot with the angle information taken from IMU sensor and implementation of PID control. IMU sensors create lots of noisy signals because of its natural structures. Kalman filter was used to denoise these noisy signals to have a smooth signal for a better balance control. The second stage is about image processing and objects recognition. This section was completed by using Matlab Image Processing Toolbox which can be used Arduino microcontroller board synchronously. In this section, algorithm infers motion information of objects. Motors were controlled according to motion information of moving objects. In the end, an object tracker self-balance robot was constructed. Balance control of the robot was managed by PID controller and accelerometer signals were denoised by a Kalman Filter. It was clarified that using PID controller and Kalman Filter together have a positive effect to balance the robot on the desired angle.

Recurrent network as a tool for calibration in automated systems and interactive simulators

We have constructed a method for the auto-calibration and correction of values of the vector of magnetic induction, which is suitable for use under conditions of limited computational resources in microcontrollers and SoC System-on-a-Chip. The efficiency of the system in general was investigated experimentally by using an additional board, which holds six pairwise connected primary Hall sensors. Correctness of work of the algorithm was checked at the designed and fabricated microprocessor test module, the prototype of which was the most simplified variant of the popular microcontroller board Arduino. We have implemented the structure of a recurrent network that is built based on vectors-indicators and recurrent decomposition; and examined the efficiency of algorithms for the calibration and processing of peripheral information. The microprocessor module was designed and manufactured, using which we studied dependence of the magnitude of measurement error on the properties of the sensor and hardware features for the automated systems and interactive simulators. A principle of the modular structure of software was employed, which increases the percentage of reuse of software parts by the organization of requests, as well as makes it possible to create new functions without making significant changes to the existing code. To ensure the independence of software from the hardware platform of sensor realization and the system of data processing and transfer, it is equipped with a module that adapts the level of hardware abstraction. The result of its implementation is the simplified procedure for software deployment in other hardware means. All platform-dependent system functions are implemented at this level. Independence from the hardware features of platforms is provided by engaging the computational tools, techniques, tools and modules of SPI, UART interfaces, and Modbus-RTU protocol. They help configure and exchange data with peripheral devices for its further processing by a personal computer.

New Technologies Applied to Operant Research: Inexpensive Photocells for the Arduino-Visual Basic Interface

In recent years, technological advances in electronics have been applied for designing flexible and inexpensive interfaces for recording and controlling events in operant research. One example, tested for accuracy and reliability, uses the popular Arduino microcontroller boards in combination with Visual Basic Express Edition programming. This paper describes one of the applications of the Arduino-Visual Basic interface to record movement using photocells. Each photocell uses a phototransistor, and an infrared LED, and allows recording the interruption of the light emitted by the infrared LED. Such interruptions are detected as responses, and are used to schedule experimental events in Visual Basic programs. These photocells can be used in diverse experimental settings under varied conditions of illumination and distances without changing the hardware setup. Programs for calibrating and using the photocells can be freely downloaded and modified by the users. This setup can also be used for recording responses using other sensors like force and flexion sensors.