Arduino IDE Research Articles

Condition Monitoring of Electrical Transformers Using the Internet of Things: A Systematic Literature Review

The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology for transformer condition monitoring is increasingly replacing traditional methods. This systematic review aims to evaluate the existing research on IoT frameworks used in transformer condition monitoring, providing insights into their effectiveness and research trends. This review seeks to identify the leading IoT frameworks employed in transformer condition monitoring; analyze the key research objectives, methods, and outcomes; and assess the global research distribution and technological tools used in this field. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching published databases using keywords related to “Internet of Things”, “transformers”, “condition monitoring”, and “fault diagnosis”. The search spanned publications released between 2014 and 2024, yielding 262 articles. Of these, 120 met the predefined review criteria and were included for further analysis. This review found that Arduino boards are the most used microcontrollers for monitoring and analyzing transformer operational parameters, with Arduino IDE 1.8 being the predominant software for programming. The primary research focus in the reviewed literature is the identification of transformer faults. The geographical distribution of research contributions shows that India leads with 65% of the studies, followed by China (11%) and Pakistan (5%). The findings indicate a strong global interest in developing IoT-based transformer condition monitoring systems, particularly in India. This review highlights the potential of IoT technologies to enhance transformer monitoring and diagnostics. The insights gained from this review can guide future research and the development of more advanced IoT frameworks for transformer condition monitoring.

Arduino Based Automatic Door Lock Design Using Personal Identification Number Pin

Current developments require more innovation in everyday life, one of which is home or office door security. Initially, home or office door security was only with ordinary padlocks or door keys found in most houses in Indonesia which had shortcomings in terms of security and effectiveness. In the current era of digitalization, almost every line of human activity is no exception, technology is currently continuously developing more rapidly. This can be observed through the many sophisticated equipment that utilizes technology so that the work system can run automatically. Of course, this makes it much easier for someone to carry out their activities and the work they do is also more efficient. This research aims to design a door lock system that is able to increase security, effectiveness and comfort in accessing rooms, both home and office. This system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller as the brain of the system, a keypad as input for entering the PIN code. Users are allowed to open the door simply by entering a predetermined PIN code. The main advantage of this system is its ease of use and a better level of security compared to conventional door locks. The results of this research are a pin-based door lock system using Arduino and keypad. This system uses the Arduino IDE development application for writing program code and Proteus for work simulation.

Development Of Smart Band For Vital Signs Monitoring System Based On Internet Of Things

Abstract Vital signs are important health parameters because they indicate the physiological functions of the human body. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, body temperature, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiration rate are vital signs used to determine whether a person is healthy or not. HR is the rate at which the heart pumps blood and is measured by the number of heart beat per minute (beats per minute / BPM). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) indicates the level of hemoglobin in the blood that can bind to oxygen. This study aims to develop a smart band prototype for monitoring heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation using optical spectroscopy methods and the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT). This smart band prototype uses the MAX30102 sensor, ESP32, push button, Blynk, and Arduino IDE AVR software. The research results show that the prototype’s accuracy for HR measurement is ±98.5%, and the accuracy for SpO2 is ±99.3%. The measurement results can be sent and displayed in the Blynk application as well as to email. It can be concluded that this smart band can detect HR and SpO2 in real-time and has the potential to improve the quality of healthcare services.

Arduino-Based Real-Time ECG Monitoring System for Heart Signal Visualization

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is an essential tool in healthcare for diagnosing and tracking heart conditions. However, existing ECG devices are often expensive, limiting accessibility for personal or educational use. This project aims to develop a low-cost ECG monitoring system using an Arduino UNO, AD8232 sensor, and TFT SPI display. The system collects ECG signals via electrodes and displays the real-time PQRST waveform on the TFT screen and the Arduino IDE serial monitor. Resistors are utilized to ensure signal clarity by reducing electrical noise. The project successfully demonstrated the ability to visualize clear ECG signals in real time, offering a practical and cost-effective solution for continuous cardiac monitoring

Enhancing Deaf Athletes' Performance: Vibrating Wristband for Referee Whistle Detection on Recreational Sports Using Wi-Fi

This project arises in response to the to the various investigations found that have pointed out the difficulties that Deaf people have faced in the sports field due to the communication barriers they have with referees. The ASH board of directors has confirmed this fact and this is the problem identified. In addition, several studies support the difficulty of concentration among athletes. The proposal consists of a device for athletes placed on a wristband, which emits vibrations when the referee's whistle is blown. It seeks to improve the performance of the Deaf player by obtaining instant communication with the referees. For this project, a qualitative approach has been used to collect data on the experience of Deaf players in sport. For its construction, materials were needed such as the ESP8266-01 modules, a vibrating motor, a push button, transistor and batteries. In this case, each of the modules, connected to the transmitter or receiver, used the Wi-Fi network as a means of wireless communication between them. In addition, tools such as SolidWorks, Fusion 360 and Arduino IDE were used for programming, since HTTP was used as a communication protocol between the modules. Finally, the prototype obtained has been validated by comparing it with a previously developed device and performing maximum range and instantaneous response tests. As a result, it has been improved compared to the existing ones, the design was adjusted to improve and change the components used, size and ergonomics. Furthermore, the tests were successful, and the device functioned correctly.

An efficient optimization approach with mobility management for enhanced QoS and secure communication in flying adhoc networks

In biomedical Applications, Network plays a vital role to transmit the health-related information from patient to doctors which helps to save the human lives. During the data transmission, there is the possibility of data loss, delayed delivery, malicious attack and that leads to huge loss in human lives. To overcome this issue, a new technique Smart & secure Flying Adhoc Networks (FANET) architecture was proposed for the Quality-of-Service (QoS) improvement in biomedical applications. This research work helps society to save human lives during any emergency. With the integration of optimization and clustering techniques, the design configuration of the proposed architecture includes mobility management and secure transmission. The first phase includes sensing the patient's information by using Arduino IDE hardware. The sensed data will be transmitted through different types of networks including mobile ad-hoc networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks and flying ad-hoc networks. The routing protocol concentrates on clustering formation, mobility management, secure transmission and optimization. When compared to other type of networks, the proposed Smart & secure Flying Adhoc Networks (FANET) improves the network performance. The quality-of-service was achieved using the parameters such as network throughput, latency, delivery rate, routing overhead and control overhead.

USING THE ARDUINO PLATFORM IN THE RESEARCH OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Modern measuring systems used in the study of internal combustion engines require significant investments. The universal Arduino platform offers ready-made powerful hardware modules for data collection (shields) and control, which work in a wide range of frequencies and signal amplitudes, provide their analysis and processing, allow to implement equipment management, and have a relatively low cost and free software with standard libraries. These facts testify to the high relevance of the use of the Arduino platform in the study of internal combustion engines. The purpose of this work is to determine the possibilities and features of using the Arduino hardware and software platform in the study of processes occurring in energy power plants with internal combustion engines, early prototyping of their control and diagnostic systems. The paper considers the possibility of hardware and software connection of sensors for measuring basic physical quantities to the Arduino platform: crankshaft rotation frequency (based on induction sensors and Hall sensors), pressure, air and fuel flow, temperatures (resistance sensors and thermocouples). In addition, the characteristics (dependence of the measurement parameter on the output value) of some popular sensors used in the study of internal combustion engines are given. It is important to consider that the equipment used for the study of processes in the ICE must meet the certification requirements. In the case of Arduino, this certification may not be available. However, the recommendations for the use of various sensors, shields and Arduino boards can be applied if the measured quantity is not the determining factor. It is important to consider these limitations and use Arduino with an understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the platform. The use of Arduino in the educational process in the training of specialists in the field of power engineering and in the research of energy installations of vehicles will allow students to apply the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in the learning process at the hardware and software levels, which will create additional motivation for further study devices and principles of operation of automated and automatic vehicle control systems.

Development of a system that changes the speed of the motor for a given radius of curvature of an autonomous car while taking turn

This work endeavors to create a system capable of autonomously regulating a car’s speed while navigating turns, based on the curvature of the road. The primary objective is to bolster the safety and stability of autonomous vehicles by curbing excessive speeds during turns, thereby mitigating the risk of accidents such as loss of control or rollovers. The approach blends theoretical analysis with practical application, involving computations to ascertain the ideal speed for a given curve radius. Factors such as vehicle mass, wheel specifications, and centrifugal and gyroscopic forces are considered in these calculations. Subsequently, an algorithm is devised and implemented using Arduino Uno and programmed within the Arduino IDE software environment. The system employs sensors to monitor the motor’s speed and adjust the motor’s speed accordingly. Both simulated scenarios and real-world experiments validate the system’s efficacy in maintaining safe speeds during turns. The study concludes by underlining the potential of this system to heighten the safety and dependability of autonomous vehicles, while also proposing future avenues for research, such as integration with broader autonomous driving frameworks and field testing across diverse environmental conditions.

Selective Laser Melting Process Optimization and Mechanical Properties Evolution of AlSi10Mg by Determining Temperature of the Build Chamber using Arduino IDE and Coding Algorithm

Selective Laser Melting Process Optimization and Mechanical Properties Evolution of AlSi10Mg by Determining Temperature of the Build Chamber using Arduino IDE and Coding Algorithm

Development of an Automatic Photovoltaic Cell-Battery Powered Water Irrigation System Incorporated with Arduino Software for Agricultural Activities

Development of an Automatic Photovoltaic Cell-Battery Powered Water Irrigation System Incorporated with Arduino Software for Agricultural Activities

Optimizing Plant Watering Efficiency via IoT: Fuzzy Sugeno Method with ESP8266 Microcontroller

This research explores automatic plant sprinklers utilizing fuzzy logic with the fuzzy Sugeno method to overcome optimal watering schedules. Developed with ESP8266 microcontroller hardware and Arduino IDE software, the WSN prototype focuses on spinach plants. Watering in the nursery was done twice a day for seedling growth, then reduced to once a day. Soil moisture levels were assessed using a soil analyzer, as well as temperature variations with the HTC-1 device. Python facilitates data analysis, generating fuzzy inference graphs on temperature sensors (10-40°C) and soil moisture values (1-1024 RH). This innovative approach, which integrates fuzzy logic and advanced hardware, offers a promising solution for effective plant care.

An Eco-Friendly and Low Cost IoT based Room Temperature Control by Fan Speed Regulation for Tropical Use

This work presents an Internet of Things (IoT) based room temperature monitoring and control system by fan speed regulation developed for use in rooms of tropical regions of West Africa. In this work, cutting-edge technologies were integrated, including IoT, and cloud- based monitoring to create a system capable of dynamically remote controlling fan speed based on real- time temperature data. The Dallas DS18B20 Waterproof Temperature Sensor serves as the cornerstone for accurate temperature monitoring. A Microcontroller (Node MCU ESP8266) with Wi-Fi Module facilitates IoT connectivity, allowing users to remotely monitor and control the system through the Blynk Cloud and the Blynk App. A 12V DC table fan, driven by a MOSFET which is being controlled through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) by the microcontroller, enables fine- tuned speed adjustments. A 16x2 LCD display provides real-time feedback on current temperature and fan speed percentage, enhancing user awareness. The microcontroller programming involves the implementation of an adaptive algorithm for dynamic fan speed control based on the room temperature, user settings and some preset parameters conditioned for tropical region of West Africa. By dynamically adjusting fan speed based on real-time temperature data, the system optimizes energy consumption, providing sustainable and eco-friendly solutions. The circuit was designed and simulated in Proteus software, the code was written in Arduino IDE, tested on breadboard, implemented finally on Veroboard and all fitted inside a suitable box. After testing the system, it worked as expected and it was observed that the fan speed increases as the room temperature increases and vice versa. Also, the fan speed depends both on the room temperature and the set threshold value. It was also observed that the speed of the fan is at its maximum when the temperature is above 40°C. Thus, the developed system is good for room temperature control in the tropical region of West Africa.

Selective Laser Melting Process Optimization and Mechanical Properties Evolution of AlSi10Mg by determining temperature of the build chamber using Arduino IDE and coding algorithm

Unlike conventional methods that involve removing components from a product, the groundbreaking idea behind additive manufacturing (AM) is the gradual creation of materials. A computer-controlled laser is often used in additive manufacturing to shape and consolidate powder feedstock in a layer-by-layer fashion to arbitrary shapes. The aerospace, defense, automotive, and biomedical sectors have high standards, and AM is now being refined to create complex-shaped functional metallic components out of metals, alloys, and other materials. Lightweight structural components with series similar mechanical characteristics may be produced using Selective Laser Melting (SLM), one of the AM technologies that eliminate the requirement for part specific tooling or downstream sintering procedures, among other things. The low weight and excellent mechanical and chemical qualities of aluminium make it an ideal material for such environmentally designed components. We need further information on how processing circumstances and material qualities affect the microstructural and mechanical properties of AM produced components as well as the metallurgical processes that produce them. Following this, we provide a comprehensive overview of AM's material and process components, including the mechanical and microstructural features of AM-processed parts as well as the physical characteristics of AM-optimized materials. Ultimately, the samples made using SLM-Alsi10Mg demonstrated an ultimate tensile strength of 150 MPa, yield strength of 120 MPa, and an elongation of 20%, as determined by the testing data. Mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg, additive manufacturing, laser powder bed fusion, selective laser melting, and related terms.

Touch-free tissue dispensing device

In this paper, an innovative solution for the everyday issue of tissue dispensing is presented. With billions of tissues distributed daily, the current dispensers often face challenges, as revealed in studies of frequently damaged units. The primary objective was to enhance this fundamental item, aiming to simplify users’ lives. The key innovation lies in granting users control over the tissue dispenser’s rolling mechanism. Introducing the Arduino UNO microcontroller-powered smart tissue dispenser. Operated by a stepper motor, the dispenser reacts to the user’s needs. Activation occurs when the infrared sensor detects hands, prompting the motor to release the appropriate amount of tissue. It’s like witnessing magic, yet it’s simply the ingenuity of technology at play. The software for the Arduino UNO, serving as the project’s controller, is compiled, and uploaded using the Arduino IDE. The performance of this automatic tissue dispenser indicates success in addressing common issues and facilitating effortless tissue retrieval.

Electronic Load Device for Testing DC Power Supply

The project deals with a programmable electronic load device capable of dynamic variations of its load parameters to simulate a myriad of electrical conditions. Hence, one of the objectives of this paper is to implement, in a designed setup, variously heated loads, such as constant current, voltage, resistance, and power modes. That said, the designed system has hardware and software aspects that integrate advanced microcontroller capabilities so that high accuracy is assured through a series of test procedures on the system. The hardware design of the project encompasses choosing various resistors and relays modules (ESP32), selection of the proper power supplies, and microcontrollers. A program is being developed in the Arduino IDE that will program the microcontroller to do dynamic load control.It all began with the circuit design and resistor value choice, taking into consideration their power rating about effective heat dissipation. Dynamic loading control by the ESP32 microcontroller allows variable changes which are automatic in nature. On top of this, relay modules were used for effective switching of load and its adjustments, hence making the system flexible and responsive. The firmware developed in Arduino IDE automates control processes, which enables the smooth running of operations. In this regard, our experiments output results that show the device—a programmable electronic load mimicking load situations and providing performance information. Notably, the automated control system coupled with adjustable load capabilities increased the testing process efficiency and accuracy to a great deal. The overall effect of the programmable electronic load device is that it makes testing more professional by way of automation and provision of precise management for the test settings of the load. Its versatility also provides simulation of a wide scope of scenarios accommodating test conditions. It is designed to cater to heat regulation and power dispersion for the reliability of performance whiles in operation

Assisting autonomous precision medical rehabilitation through gesture recognition devices

With the aging of the population and the increase of various chronic diseases, there is a growing demand for effective and accessible medical rehab solutions. In order to overcome the above problems, this project innovatively adopts the gesture recognition technology to design and fabricate the realization of an autonomous accurate medical rehab gesture recognition assistance system. In terms of hardware, this paper uses Arduino as the main controller, Paj7620 as the gesture recognition device, and OLED 0.96 display as the system display. In terms of software, this paper utilizes Arduino IDE software to successfully write the code and realize all the functions. In terms of combining with actual medical rehab needs, the team chose elbow fracture rehab as a typical type of rehab, and designed a three-device obtuse triangle placement scheme for precise monitoring of rehab training. Initial simulation test results show that over 70% of participants reported an improvement in their rehabilitation outcomes, and about 90% found the system easy to use. The results of this project will directly benefit patients requiring long-term rehabilitation.

Graphical Arduino IDE system with wiring layout and flowchart functions for physical computing education

AbstractArduino, a widely used tool for physical computing, is favored for its affordability and easy availability. However, a drawback for beginners is the requirement of prior knowledge of C programming language and circuit theory for effectively utilizing Arduino. In this research, we address this issue by developing a Graphical Arduino IDE system that allows users to control Arduino without the need for prior knowledge of C language and circuit theory. Users can create node graph‐based scripts in the Wiring Tab of the Graphical Arduino IDE and develop flowchart‐based scripts in the Algorithm Tab. The scripts created in the Wiring Tab serve as guidelines for wiring, thus preventing users from making wiring mistakes. Additionally, users without knowledge of C language can control Arduino by creating flowchart‐based scripts in the Algorithm Tab. The finalized scripts are converted into Arduino code and uploaded to the Arduino board using the built‐in Code Upload feature. Finally, a paired t test was conducted between the Graphical Arduino IDE and Scratch for Arduino, confirming that the Graphical Arduino IDE required fewer user inputs.

Real-time monitoring system for blood pressure monitoring based on internet of things

Real-time monitoring system for blood pressure monitoring based on internet of things

Smart Home Security using Arduino-based Internet of Things (IoTs) Intrusion Detection System

Home intrusion detection systems (IDS) have become increasingly important in our modern community due to their high performance in adequately securing the home environment. Nowadays, there is an incessant increase in the number of theft cases hence a need for an intrusion detection system to detect any intruder around our homes. The aim of This paper is to develop a Smart Home Security using an Arduino-based Internet of Things (IoT) Intrusion Detection System. This security system is built using Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor and GSM module for efficient monitoring of intruders and sending of SMS alerts to the homeowners at a point of intrusion which is made possible through the Internet of Things network. The Internet of Things is simply a type of network used to connect anything with the Internet based on stipulated protocols through information sensing equipment to conduct information exchange and communications in order to achieve smart recognitions, positioning, tracing, monitoring, and or administration. The proposed system uses an Arduino microcontroller programed to coordinate the activities of the various components connected together for efficient communication using C++ programming language through the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The system is simple and highly efficient as it is capable of detecting any intruder within the monitoring environment and triggering an SMS alert once an intruder is found.

Sensor, IoT-based post-harvest shelf life determination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) through machine learning predictive analysis for intelligent transport

Aim: The current research explores the potential of machine learning predictive models in optimizing the storage conditions of tomatoes. This is achieved through Internet of Things (IoT) technology, sensors, cameras, and microprocessors integrated into refrigerators along the supply chain. Methodology: Controlling temperature and humidity inside the refrigerated container was accomplished by implementing the Arduino microcontroller and supplementary hardware components, including the ESP32 module relay, an advancement over the ESP8266 microcontroller. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) was used as software platform for this experimentation. Various parameters, including humidity, oxygen, carbon-di-oxide, and shelf life, were recorded at different temperatures and on different days. Subsequently, the collected data was analyzed employing machine-learning models to determine the most effective prediction model for these variables. Results: From the results it has been revealed that apolynomial of degree 4 is the best-fit regressor model for the data on humidity. Polynomials of degrees 2, 2, and 3 are the best models for the target variables oxygen, carbon-di-oxide, and shelf life. Interpretation: During analysis, This result suggests that different polynomial degrees are optimal for modeling different variables in the dataset. Polynomials of degrees 2, 2, and 3 are the best ML models for the target variables oxygen, carbon-di-oxide, and shelf life, respectively,to enhance the effectiveness of our predictive models. Key words: Io T sensors, ML models, Quantile loss, Supply chain, Tomato