Document Archive Research Articles

The opioid industry's use of scientific evidence to advance claims about prescription opioid safety and effectiveness

Abstract It is widely recognized that pharmaceutical marketing contributed to the ongoing US opioid epidemic, but less is understood about how the opioid industry used scientific evidence to generate product demand, shape opioid regulation, and change clinician behavior. In this qualitative study, we characterize select scientific articles used by industry to support safety and effectiveness claims and use a novel database, the Opioid Industry Documents Archive, to determine notable elements of industry and non-industry documents citing the scientific articles to advance each claim. We found that 15 scientific articles were collectively mentioned in 3666 documents supporting 5 common, inaccurate claims: opioids are effective for treatment of chronic, non-cancer pain; opioids are “rarely” addictive; “pseudo-addiction” is due to inadequate pain management; no opioid dose is too high; and screening tools can identify those at risk of developing addiction. The articles contributed to the eventual normalization of these claims by symbolically associating the claims with scientific evidence, building credibility, expanding and diversifying audiences and the parties asserting the claims, and obfuscating conflicts of interest. These findings have implications for regulators of industry products and corporate activity and can inform efforts to prevent similar public health crises.

Inside “Operation Change Agent”: Mallinckrodt's Plan for Capturing the Opioid Market

Context: The United States is deeply entangled in an opioid crisis that began with the overuse of prescription painkillers. At the height of the prescription opioid crisis (2006–2012), Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals was the nation's largest opioid manufacturer. This study explores Mallinckrodt's strategies for expanding its market share by promoting a new opioid. Methods: The authors used the Opioid Industry Document Archive to analyze the incentive structures, sales contests, and rhetorical strategy behind Mallinckrodt's “Operation Change Agent,” a campaign to switch patients from OxyContin to Mallinckrodt-manufactured painkillers. A structured search of the archive in October 2022 retrieved 464 documents dated between 2010 and 2020. Findings: The authors identified a range of Mallinckrodt's sales force motivational techniques, including hypertargeting high-decile prescribers, providing free trial kits, using emotion-based language to connect with prescribers, and strategies for opposing prescriber resistance. Throughout, managers used specific incentivization metaphors to frame strategies in terms of sport and ultramarathons. Conclusions: This research on internal corporate strategy joins the growing challenges to industry claims that opioid sales teams simply educated providers and helped fill existing demand for their products. It has important implications for regulatory policy and consumer protections that can better protect health in the face of competitive market forces.

MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN DI SDN 73/VI TANJUNG DALAM KECAMATAN LEMBAH MASURAI

Abstract In this research, the problem that the author found when conducting observations in the field was that students' motivation was still low in learning physical education, sports and health at SDN 73/VI Tanjung Dalam Lembah Masurai District. There are many factors that influence the learning process in physical education, sports and health, one of which is the motivation factor. This type of research is descriptive. The aim of this research was to determine students' motivation in learning physical education, sports and health at SDN 73/VI Tanjung Dalam Lembah Masurai District. The population in this study was 58 students at SDN 73/VI. Samples were taken using random sampling technique, with a total sample of 38 people. directly by researchers by submitting questionnaires to students. Meanwhile, secondary data is taken from student documentation archives from School Administration. Next, the data was analyzed by percentage using the ideal value score. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that the variable intrinsic motivation of students at SDN 73/VI Tanjung Dalam Lembah Masurai District, obtained an achievement level of 84.70%, with a "Good" classification. Meanwhile, the extrinsic motivation of students at SDN 73/VI Tanjung Dalam Lembah Masurai District, achieved an achievement level of 83.07%, which was classified as "Good". Keywords: Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation

Academician of medicine Z.V. Ermolyeva and the Department of Microbiology of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training: the main directions of scientific research in the early 1970s

The very difficult geopolitical situation of recent years has once again confirmed the need for our state to focus on its internal and self-sufficient development in its development. The story of the coronavirus pandemic that swept the whole world has shown a fairly high level of domestic virology, and microbiology in general. But, undoubtedly, we are still far from the Soviet level of science development today. In this regard, it seems advisable to pay attention to the generalization of the Soviet experience in the development of biomedical sciences. We have made an attempt to analyze the development of Soviet microbiology through an analysis of the scientific and organizational activities of the domestic scientist, Academician of Medicine Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva, carried out by her at the Department of Microbiology of the Central Institute of Advanced Medical Training in the first half of the 1970s. The source base of the publication was unpublished documents of the federal archives (the Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation and the Russian State Archive of Economics), most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The article examines the scientific activity of Z.V. Ermolyeva herself, as well as those research areas that were developed by teachers and research staff of the department headed by her.

Software Maintenance as Materialization of Common Knowledge

While development of software always implicitly takes place in contexts of inherited entanglements and legacies, its maintenance deals explicitly with what is already present. Software maintenance locates itself in media res, in the middle of things. Maintaining software typically involves intervening in the material archive of source code, documentation, and software tools. Doing so successfully requires relevant situated knowledge of how the software at hand already hangs together, and how to effectively put this knowledge to use. This knowledge builds on first-hand experience, acquired in practice over shared lifetimes of people and code. For code to continue to endure over time, ongoing articulation of its entanglements is externalized and materialized across contributing programmers and software development tools, each themselves vulnerable and in need of maintenance. This paper analyzes how this process of externalizing and materializing knowledge is negotiated. We conclude that the common knowledge which suspends the string figure of software in time and in a broken world (Jackson 2014) is always a locally hybrid assemblage which carries this knowledge forward. Hence, to maintain software well is to add on to its legacy.

The Soviet microbiologist Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva is the founder of the national scientific school of physicians on antibiotics

The history of any science is, in many ways, the history of the development of a scientific school. Belonging of an individual scientist to a particular school allows us to characterize those ideas, principles and methodological guidelines of fundamental and applied scientific branches that he is guided by in his research. This article examines the role of the famous Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Ermolyeva in the creation and development of a scientific medical school on antibiotics. As the first Soviet scientist to receive the domestic antibiotic penicillin-krustosin, she was at the forefront of antibiotic research from the standpoint of microbiology, pharmacology and medicine. She also took part in the organization of the Soviet antibiotic industry. For thirty years, the scientific biography of the scientist has been associated with the study, production, improvement and application of these antibacterial drugs. Based on the analysis of documents from federal archives (the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation, the Russian State Archive in Samara), as well as abstracts of dissertations by Z.V. Ermolyeva’s students, staff and followers, the main directions of her scientific school of physicians on antibiotics are analyzed, and the contribution of individual scientists to the experimental and clinical study of antibiotics is considered.

Promosi Media Sosial dalam Meningkatkan Citra Positif dan Kuantitas Peserta Didik MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung Banyuwangi

This research was conducted because the researchers' interest in the development of academic achievement and the quantity of students at MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung was quite rapid, to analyze what kind of promotions were used by WKS Public Relations in increasing the positive image and quantity of students at MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung and to analyze what factors -Factors that can affect the positive image and quantity of students owned by MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung.The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The method used in data collection is Observation related to social media promotion in increasing the positive image and quantity of students. Interviews with the Principal, WKS Public Relations and Media Team, as well as documentation data and archives of activities from the management at MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung. The researcher uses the Miles and Huberman model, namely reduction, presentation and conclusion drawing or data verification. The results of the research obtained from the field stated that the image and quantity owned by MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung in the eyes of the community was considered good. The communication strategies used, such as maintaining communication patterns, planning and arranging tasks as WKS Public Relations at MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung, as well as maintaining openness and information provided to the public can affect the image and quantity of MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung. Based on this, it can be seen that the factors that affect the positive image and quantity of MTs Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung are by planning and carrying out the programs well, improving the service system, maintaining good communication and cooperation among members/teachers or with the community as well as the existence of disclosure of information to the public.

Pearl Fishing in Bahrain: new evidence from the archaeological collections and archives

During preparation of content for Bahrain’s UNESCO World Heritage Site, Pearling Testimony of an Island Economy (aka the Pearling Path) new artefactual, archaeological and documentary evidence was discovered and collated that reveals the long history of pearl fishing in Bahrain, and its central role in the economy of Bahrain and the Gulf. In this paper a comprehensive presentation is given of pearls and pearl jewellery found during archaeological excavations in Bahrain, including the rich collection of Tylos Period jewellery (mainly Hellenistic to Parthian periods). Remarkable new evidence of pearl-fishing in the Early Islamic period is outlined, as revealed by recent excavations at a major installation built around a submarine spring (Al Sayah) off the coast of Muharraq Island. Samples of archival evidence relating the more recent historical fishery are presented and discussed, derived from the unrivalled archive of primary documentation kept by the Bahrain National Museum.

The Opioid Industry Documents Archive: Advancing Public Health Through Industry Document Disclosure.

More than twenty-five years after the first signs of potential harm, the US remains locked in the grip of an opioid epidemic, with more Americans dying from overdoses than ever before.1 Diversion of prescription opioids plays an important role in opioid-related harms. Much of the scientific and public health focus on diversion has been on end-users, given how commonly non-medical prescription opioid use occurs, as well as the proportion of individuals who report that their source of non-medical opioids was friends or family. However, diversion of opioids, as well as their rampant oversupply, can be discerned higher up the supply chain, including among wholesalers, pharmacies and rogue prescribers whose behavior may trigger well-described "flags" warranting further evaluation and action.

Retail chain pharmacy opioid dispensing practices from 1997 to 2020: A content analysis of internal industry documents

ContextLawsuits have determined that community pharmacy chains played a crucial role in the opioid epidemic. However, little research has assessed community pharmacy practices. This study sought to understand the contribution of pharmacies to the opioid epidemic through improper opioid prescription dispensing. MethodsWe conducted an observational, retrospective content analysis that assessed the opioid dispensing practices of a retail community pharmacy chain, Walgreens, using pharmaceutical industry documents released in litigation between 1997 and 2020. The documents were retrieved from the Opioids Industry Document Archive (OIDA) at the University of California, San Francisco and reviewed to identify themes and identify organizational practices. FindingsWe identified four primary factors that may have contributed to improper opioid dispensing practices: store-level procedures, management pressure, distribution center activities, and pharmaceutical company sponsorship. Stores dispensed opioid prescriptions without resolving red flags, management pressured pharmacists to fill more opioid prescriptions, distribution centers failed to investigate high volume orders, and pharmaceutical companies sponsored pharmacist continuing education advocating for opioid pain management. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Walgreens may have contributed to the early prescription opioid epidemic through improper opioid dispensing and also identify key practices that could be reformed to reduce the risk of future inappropriate dispensing of addictive and potentially harmful medications.

PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN SISTEM KEARSIPAN ELEKTRONIK DOKUMEN PROSES BISNIS BERBASIS MICROSOFT ACCESS

Document archiving is something that is often done by every company, one of which is PT Nusantara Turbine and Propulsion. Document archiving at PT Nusantara Turbine and Propulsion, especially in the Aero Engines Sales and Trading Division, still uses conventional systems. Therefore, the process of searching for documents can take quite a long time. In addition, there is a case experienced by secretaries, namely the loss of archives. This loss of archives is caused by borrowing archives. To overcome this problem, an electronic archive system was created that can store and display information about archives. The system can also record the data of the person who borrowed the archive. In this case, the application that supports the process of designing and creating the system is Microsoft Access. System design and creation can be started from DFD Level 0 and Level 1 and ERD design. As for the creation is done in Microsoft Access which starts from creating tables, forms, reports to queries. The results of the project are the front page, login form, main menu, data input menu, report menu and document search. All features that have been made are tested to the secretary as a user of SAEDPB. The results of the trial were declared acceptable because there were no obstacles when operating. With the search feature and storage of documents in the form of soft files, it is expected to help secretaries in rediscovering archives easily and quickly. This is supported by several studies that say that electronic records management can make it easier for someone when archiving and rediscovering archives. Therefore, the use of SAEDPB is expected to make work more effective and efficient, especially in archiving.
 
 Keywords: Archive, Electronic Archive, Microsoft Access

The main trends in the use of documents in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

According to the state program ‘Archive 2025’ for wide access to archival documents in Kazakhstan the web portal ‘Unified electronic archive of documents was launched’. At the moment, there is no information on the funds of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation on this site yet, but it is planned to add it to the electronic catalog in the future. For the successful implementation of data on documents stored in the funds of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation, it is necessary to analyze which types of documents are most popular among the archive users (both in the reading room and when executing information requests by the archive) and which need to be translated into electronic format as a priority, for this purpose, the reports of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation were studied for the period from 1974 to 2021.

The opioid industry document archive: New directions in research on corporate political strategy.

The opioid crisis in the United States has resulted in more than 500,000 deaths since 1999, and recent estimates suggest that attributable deaths could reach 842,000 by 2032. While heroin and synthetic products such as fentanyl now account for the majority of opioid overdoses, the prescription opioid crisis that emerged in the mid-1990s was the primary antecedent to the current situation. Recent settlements in litigation against opioid producers, suppliers and retailers has resulted in the release of almost 2.5 million previously confidential internal documents that have been made publicly accessible via the online Opioid Industry Documents Archive, a collaboration between the University of California, San Francisco and Johns Hopkins University. These corporate records provide critical insights into the operations and strategies of manufacturers and other actors in the opioid supply chain. This article describes the provenance of the opioid documents and their potential value as a research resource. It then outlines methodological approaches to their analysis, drawing on comparisons in conducting research using the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents. The Opioid Industry Documents Archive is a new and important addition to existing industry document collections that enable scrutiny and analysis of the role of corporate actors in determining health outcomes. Beyond their immediate application to researching the corporate and regulatory foundations of the current opioid crisis, the opioid document collections will contribute to a greater understanding of the commercial determinants of public health by providing means to better locate the causes of public health crises, identify politically acceptable solutions to their resolution, and inform strategies for preventing future corporate-driven epidemics.

Captive school markets, industry self-regulation, and public-private partnerships: Narratives shaping the development of alternative proteins in the United States, 1965–1982

This paper examines the interplay between government, industry and other stakeholders, and the key narratives shaping the development and regulation of alternative protein products in the US in the 1960s to early 1980s, paying particular attention to how the US National School Lunch Programme was used for the development of these products. Using internal food industry documents sourced from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Food Industry Documents Archive, we find that the US government proactively paved the way for industry to develop alternative protein products by: (a) providing government funding for textured vegetable protein product research and development; (b) opening the doors to lucrative markets; and (c) supporting a lenient regulatory environment for alternative protein products to be developed. A key market for textured vegetable protein products was the US National School Lunch Programme, which was treated as a captive market for developing new products and formulations. The motivations for introducing textured vegetable proteins in schools differed between government and industry, principally between: offering cost-savings and alleviating malnutrition and food insecurity versus developing profitable new food products. Industry actors actively sought to modify the regulatory environment to favour commercial interests, and the government was slow to regulate the alternative protein industry and relied on industry self-regulation. Our research is particularly relevant, because of what appears to be renewed interest in recent years in using school meal programs for the development of alternative-proteins, a phenomenon not limited to the US.

ДОЗИМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КОГОРТЫ ПЕРСОНАЛА СИБИРСКОГО ХИМИЧЕСКОГО КОМБИНАТА В ПЕРИОД 1950–2010 гг.

Purpose: To give a dosimetric characterization of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant (SCP) subjected to prolonged technogenic occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) in the period 1950–2010, as well as the cohort of the personnel of the SCP involved in working with uranium compounds. Material and methods: SCP is one of the largest and oldest complexes of nuclear industry enterprises in the world, having experience in continuous dosimetric monitoring of personnel for more than 60 years. The database of the regional medical-dosimetric register of employees of the SCP (RMDR) contains information about all employees of the SCP for the entire history of the enterprise, including personal data of medical, dosimetric and professional nature of 65.350 employees of the SCP, of which more than 32.000 people were exposed to chronic technogenic occupational radiation in the range of low doses. The archive of the medical documentation of the Seversk Biophysical Research Center contains 55.569 medical histories of the employees of the SCP, 29.800 outpatient records and 11.953 autopsy protocols. Results: Employees of the radiochemical, chemical-metallurgical, sublimate and separation industries of the SCP were subjected to combined (external and internal) irradiation, while the personnel of the reactor production were exposed exclusively to external irradiation. Auxiliary production workers were mainly exposed to non-radiation factors. Individual dosimetric control (IDC) of external exposure was carried out for all workers who were in the zone of exposure to external radiation sources. The average accumulated dose of external radiation for employees of the SCP was 28.3 mSv. IDC of internal irradiation was carried out for all workers employed at the production site, where the excess of the regulatory level of the concentration of radionuclides in the air of the working area was detected. The average value of the activity of radionuclides in the urine of SCP workers does not exceed 0.74 Bq. The life status has been clarified for 80.8 % of the employees of the SCP. About 3.500 employees of the agricultural complex have an IDC for internal irradiation from uranium based on the results of a biophysical examination. The life status is established for 75 % of employees of the uranium cohort. Conclusion: For the first time, a dosimetric characteristic of a cohort of 65.350 workers of the SCP (21 % women) who started work in the period 1950–2010 was given. The cohort of the staff of the SCP is suitable for conducting epidemiological studies in order to establish the risks associated with the impact on the human body of technogenic occupational exposure to IR.

Film Dokumenter Silek Tuo Gunuang

Modernization and changes in lifestyles that have begun to be acculturated with foreign cultures have made this culture fade little by little. Answering the challenges of the times requires an audio-visual media in the form of documentary films as a documentation archive so that it can be passed on by the next generation and reintroduced silek tuo gunuang effectively and efficiently. The design aims to digitally archive silek tuo gunuang as a cultural heritage that must be preserved through documentaries to the public, especially the people of the city of Padang Panjang. Using the 4D planning method (Four –D). Consists of (Define), (Design), (Develop) and (Desseminate). SWOT analysis approach. The main media is in the form of this documentary film, providing historical information, permitting flow, requirements and other information from this silek, and due diligence has been carried out on several people, ranging from academics, practitioners and the public in general, received a positive response, it can be concluded that the film is suitable for distributed, with supporting media in the form of movie trailers, posters, x-banners, stickers and t-shirts to support the delivery of information from this documentary.

PECULIARITIES OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE ARCHIVE WITH A POLY-TYPE COMPOSITION OF DOCUMENTS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUSSIAN STATE ARCHIVE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION)

The article discusses the features of the organization of the digitalization of the activities of the archive. On the example of the Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation, practical experience in digitizing inventories is described in detail. The question of using and adapting catalogs and databases already available in the archive to solve the problem is considered.

Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis for Technical Communication Research

ABSTRACT I propose Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) as an approach for understanding the discursive and material implications of technical documents in distant sites. I provide a historical vignette of MCDA and exemplify how technical and professional communication (TPC) researchers can critically engage with distant sites through MCDA by analyzing materials about GhanaPostGPS, a geolocation technology. I conclude by discussing limitations of MCDA – access to archives – and propose the creation of crowdsourced technical documentation archives.

Decision-making of Top Management and Internal Audit on the Issue of Archiving Documentation in Companies Founded by Local Government Units in the Republic of Serbia

This study emphasizes the importance of document archiving. The aim of the study is to point out the importance of secure archiving of documentation. The authors conducted a representative survey in 147 companies, which represents about 20% of public utility companies whose founders are local self-government units in the Republic of Serbia. They found that there are significant differences in terms of security of archiving between the so-called electronic archiving and classic form of archiving of documentation in companies. The main conclusion reached by the authors of the study would be that there are far fewer errors in the electronic archiving of documentation compared to the classic way of archiving documentation in companies. After the T-test, the authors found that there are significant differences in terms of security ratings that come from the ratings of top management and employees in internal audit (p = .000) in terms of secure archiving of documentation. The authors also point out that greater security of archiving documentation is achieved in companies that have introduced electronic archiving of documentation.

Strategic Planning Information Systems Industrial Work Lecture Program (Case Study: CV. Laksana Karoseri)

CV. Laksana Karoseri is a bus carousel company from Ungaran that assembles various bus bodies. In an effort to help the development of good human resources, every year CV. Laksana Karoseri has an industrial work lecture program that accepts hundreds of internship students every year. However, the program has not been running and is well organized because some activity processes have not run optimally, for example, the acceptance of internships, attendance and scheduling of internships that are not managed properly. Therefore, it is necessary to have SI / IT strategic planning to improve management and deal with problems that occur in industrial work lecture programs at CV. Laksana Karoseri. This research was conducted by conducting interviews and observations on CV. Laksana Karoseri. The method used to carry out this SI / IT strategic planning is the Ward and Peppard method which includes Value Chain, SWOT, PEST and Five Force Model analysis which then produces an application portfolio, namely the Registration Information System and Industrial Work Lecture Details, the website and mobile version of the Scheduling and Attendance Information System, the Weekly Activity Log Book Information System and the Internship Report Document Archive Information System which was mapped using McFarlan's analysis. The results of the SI/IT strategic plan will be implemented within four years.