Archival Funds Research Articles

История становления и развития Краснодарской научной медицинской школы анестезиологии и реаниматологии

Today, a relevant aspect of developing a competent understanding of medicine as a complex science interconnected with a number of humanities disciplines is to consider its history through the prism of the most outstanding research teams of scientific medical schools. The presented article is devoted to consideration of the historical path of formation and development of the scientific medical school of anesthesiology and resuscitation in Kuban. The authors provide data on the prerequisites (conditions for improving knowledge about anesthesiology and resuscitation in the region) and the main stage of this process. The materials of the historiographic research were data from archival funds, in particular the state archive of the Krasnodar Territory and the Museum of History of the Kuban State Medical University, personal collections of members of the scientific school, as well as specialized literature within the scope of the work. The research methodology involved the use of chronological, biographical, analytical and narrative methods.

Practice of the systematization and centralization of archive fund materials of the PJSC ALROSA geological exploration complex

Effective usage of information accumulated over decades of geological exploration requires a tool that allows cataloging, describing, and providing access to both paper and electronic versions of the materials. Despite gradual digitalization of all the major geological exploration processes, there still remains large volume of the materials from previous years on paper media (technical reports, projects, etc.). They continue to be systematically digitized, while new reporting materials are generated in digital form. In addition, thematic scientific articles and publications are annually published. How to combine all the materials and to ensure quick and convenient access to them? There exist various ways to achieve this goal. The Vilyuisk Geological Exploration Expedition (VGRE) of PJSC ALROSA has taken the path of developing a dedicated information system «EFB GRK» designed to store and get access to the information on geological reports, scientific works, articles, etc. Each type of the documents is provided by its own attribute information; several types of the documents are grouped into thematic sections. The system allows one to obtain information on the availability of the projecting and reporting documentation in the archive funds with ability to order and receive and to trace the movement of such documentation.

Men’s Shirt in the Assortment of Embroidery Industry of Post-War Ukraine (1945–1949)

The purpose of the article is to characterize the functioning peculiarities of the embroidery industry of post-war Ukraine (1945–1949) exemplified by men’s embroidered shirts produced by artistic artels in Vinnytsia. The archival fund of the Vinnytsia Interregional Artistic Industrial Union serves as the primary source base for the research. It is emphasized in the published work on the fact that after the Second World War because of the lack of money for the restoration of all industrial production, the Soviet government has relied on the manual labour of cooperative artisans to ensure the production of widely used items. In particular, the embroidery industry has to produce clothes. The dynamics of production volume growth, assortment, cost and geography of distribution of men’s shirts is shown within one regional union of artistic artels. Several factors contributing to their popularity in the USSR are revealed: a) since the planned economy in Ukraine has a fixed specialization in the embroidery industry, therefore its products are distributed throughout the Soviet Union; b) the annual production volume is quite significant; c) simplicity of cut and its cost-effectiveness have made shirts competitive against factory-produced goods; d) using precious fabrics (silk and marquisette) has made embroidered shirts prestigious; e) the aesthetic appeal and brightness of the products have diversified men’s wardrobe; f) the trendsetting role of Mykyta Khrushchev has influenced the party-Soviet nomenclature elite, as well as affluent individuals who can afford prestigious items. Men’s embroidered shirts are more popular at this stage than women’s.

Revolutionary tribunals of the Tambov province 1918–1922

Importance. Reforming the public administration system is impossible without analyzing and taking into account the historical experience of the activities of punitive authorities. Revolutionary tribunals, created as a weapon in the fight against opponents of the Bolshevik regime, became a form of legitimization of state violence. Studying the mechanism of functioning of these bodies of the Soviet system has important heuristic significance, along with the need for public understanding of the role of repression in the fight against social protest. Modern scientific publications testify to the attention of researchers to this problem. An analysis of the historiography of the issue gives grounds to assert that a promising direction in the study of the topic of “revolutionary justice” is the analysis of the activities of provincial revolutionary tribunals, as well as clarification of the nature of their relationships with other repressive authorities.Materials and Methods. The source base for this work consists of materials identified in the funds of central and local archives and introduced into scientific circulation, most of them for the first time. The documents used made it possible to study the process of organization and practical activities of revolutionary tribunals in the Tambov province of the period 1918–1922. Factual material related to the struggle of these bodies with peasant protest is extracted from materials of local periodicals. The work used a systematic approach, as well as general scientific and historical research methods.Results and Discussion. An analysis of the process of creating revolutionary tribunals in the Tambov province is carried out. Their place and functionality in the management system, as well as the criteria for personnel selection of their employees, are established. The role of the military revolutionary tribunal in the fight against mass desertion is studied. The nature of the relationship between the provincial regional tribunal and the local Cheka is clarified. Based on investigative materials and sentences, the nature of the charges and penalties applied to peasants, participants in rural “rebellions”, as well as food workers who committed violence during the seizure of grain are established. The repressive activities of the Tambov provincial RVT and its visiting sessions to combat and prosecute both armed rebels and the civilian population of the village assisting them are considered.Conclusion. Based on a wide range of archival and other sources, it is established that the activities of the revolutionary tribunals of the Tambov province in the period 1918–1922 was punitive in nature and aimed at suppressing anti-government protest.

Министерская канцелярия С. С. Уварова как инструмент управления просвещением в 1830–1840-е годы

The article examines the administrative functions of Sergey Uvarov's ministerial chancellery based on the materials of the clerical office of the Department of Public Education of the 1830-1840s. The functional features of the “special chancellery” of Alexander Golitsyn and the Chancellery of the Minister of Public Education in the studied period are compared. The author demonstrates the results of a statistical study of the reports of the Ministry of Public Education for 1833–1849, from which it follows that the highest burden on the ministerial chancellery took place in the years of crisis for the institution (1839 and 1849). For the first time, information about Uvarov clerks, their career trajectories and social appearance is introduced into academic sphere. On the basis of formulary lists and other sources, an attempt is made to prosopographically study the persons who served in the Office of the Minister of Public Education (1833–1849). The author also presents the results of a content analysis of the materials of the archival fund of the Office of the Minister (RSHA, fund No. 735), on the basis of which conclusions can be drawn about the main areas of work of this institution, fixed not legally, but de facto.

THE IDEA OF ALASH AND CENSORSHIP

The article examines the censorship policy of the Soviet government, which strictly prohibited the propaganda of the idea of Alash. Chronicle data and the creative heritage of Alash figures, as well as archival materials of the Semipalatinsk Museum of Local Lore and the archive fund of East Kazakhstan Region (now Abai region) were used as the object of research. Historical data and narrative data were analyzed on the basis of mutual historical-comparative and comparative approaches to research, evidence of hypothetical conclusions was revealed by the method of biographical parallel and content analysis (quantitative, qualitative). As a result of the study, it was determined that the main cause of various movements and uprisings, considered colonial policy and the struggle for independence, is the struggle for the idea, and the definition of the idea of Alash is given. In addition, methods of underground, secret or disguised ideological work against the censorship mechanism, which tightly controlled the propaganda work of the idea of Alash, were revealed.

How Totalitarianism was Reflected on the Life and Work of Women Writers

How many people, when and why became victims of totalitarianism in Georgia instinctively has been exciting the citizens to this day, however, to our surprise, knowledge about the causes of this tragedy and the motivation of the people involved in it is not increasing - on the contrary, becomes more obscure and mythologized; due to the lack of information and stereotypes, the issue often turns into a tool of manipulation in the hands of interested parties. Today's unfavorable reality - when public interest is low and knowledge is saturated with stereotypes, the research of the Soviet past is very fragmented and small-scale. Free access to documents depicting mass repressions carried out by the Soviet totalitarian regime is not possible. In various ways, the National Archive offers the readers to familiarize themselves with the records of the archival funds of law enforcement agencies and courts from 1930 to the present day - where the names and surnames of the victims of the Soviet terror are barcoded and which we would like to share in the present research. The main subject of our research is how totalitarianism affected the life and creativity of Georgian women writers; the object of the research is Marika Mikeladze (1933-2015), a translator and writer and Zaira Arsenishvili’s, a write and screenwriter, work and life full of difficulties in the conditions of repressions and totalitarian regime.

MEASURES OF STATE SUPPORT DURING THE FAMINE OF THE 1930S IN CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN

In the article, the authors consider measures to provide state aid during the famine of the 1930s in the territory of Central Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to consider in the regional aspect the main measures taken in Central Kazakhstan as the main measures to eliminate the consequences of hunger and to provide food assistance to the starving population. Based on archival documents and collections of materials, the authors managed to identify that the state has worked out several ways to help the hungry in order to eliminate the consequences of hunger. First, it is the provision of food, industrial goods and loans to starving areas. Secondly, the issuance of permits for the maintenance of livestock in settled areas to restore livestock production, and thirdly, a reduction in the grain delivery plan, or exemption from it, as well as a reduction or exemption from the unified agricultural tax. Using the example of the Nurinsky district, the authors analyze the implementation of the main decisions of state authorities to eliminate the consequences of famine. The authors of the article conclude that despite the fact that the state handed over wheat, millet and other food support to the hungry, the assistance provided was not insufficient and was delayed. The authors, having studied materials of the archival fund of the Nurinsky district, identified a list of collective farms that received food aid in the form of grain, wheat and other crops, and came to the following conclusion. Firstly, the food aid provided by the state turned out to be late, since at the time of its arrival, famine reached its peak, farms fell into decline, the population died out, and the survivors were forced to migrate; secondly, the amount of aid provided by the state was insufficient to solve the food problem; thirdly, food aid was distributed not only without taking into account the size of farms, but also not for their intended purpose; fourthly, the state authorities failed to correct the current situation in the Kazakh villages.

Bobersky Ivan Mykolayovych: anniversary celebrations and celebration of eternal memory

The article analyzes archival funds and primary sources to establish the chronology of the commemoration of the anniversary of Ivan Mykolayovych Boberskyi. Commemorative anniversaries in honor of Bobersky were analyzed. It was found that the first celebrations of the anniversary began with the 50th anniversary and continue to this day. The descendants did not forget about honoring Ivan Bobersky on the anniversary of his death. The celebrations were found to include sporting and artistic events, articles, publications, compilations, etc. Ivan Mykolayovych Bobersky was remembered and honored in Ukraine and the diaspora. Newly formed societies are named in honor of Bobersky, large-scale campaigns, information events, and press conferences are held. In 2023, Ivan Boberskyi was honored in Ukraine and abroad on his 150th anniversary. This is a figure whose activities covered various spheres of society: education, sports, sports, pedagogy, upbringing, geopolitics, patriotism, military training, journalism, the Sokol and Olympic movements. The article analyzes archival funds and primary sources to establish the chronology of the commemoration of the anniversary of Ivan Mykolayovych Boberskyi. Commemorative anniversaries in honor of Bobersky were analyzed. It was found that the first celebrations of the anniversary began with the 50th anniversary and continue to this day. The descendants did not forget about honoring Ivan Bobersky on the anniversary of his death. The celebrations were found to include sporting and artistic events, articles, publications, compilations, etc. Ivan Mykolayovych Bobersky was remembered and honored in Ukraine and the diaspora. Newly formed societies are named in honor of Bobersky, large-scale campaigns, information events, and press conferences are held. In 2023, Ivan Boberskyi was honored in Ukraine and abroad on his 150th anniversary. This is a figure whose activities covered various spheres of society: education, sports, sports, pedagogy, upbringing, geopolitics, patriotism, military training, journalism, the Sokol and Olympic movements. We need to preserve the memory of legendary Ukrainians so that descendants know their great roots. In this way, we will build the future of the Ukrainian people that Ivan Mykolayovych Boberskyi dreamed of and fought for.

Unrealized Monographic Project of M.N. Kufaev “Bibliology” (1926)

The article is devoted to the manuscript prospectus of the anticipated book “Bibliology” by M.N. Kufaev (1888—1948), which is kept in the personal archive fund of N.Yu. Ulyaninsky (1872—1937) in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library. It was prepared in the summer of 1926 and was intended for the State Publishing House. In the document M.N. Kufaev outlined an expanded understanding of bibliology as a general philosophy and methodology of book studies, which he had formulated earlier in his work Philosophy of the Book. The prospectus gives an idea of M.N. Kufaev’s ideas in the field of book terminology and classification of book disciplines. In particular, the document testifies to the scientist’s desire to use the concept of “book culture”, to develop the theme of “book studies and Marxism”, to pay attention to the economics of book studies.

К ВОПРОСАМ О ДУХОВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ В СЕВЕРОКИТАЙСКОЙ ПРОВИНЦИИ МАНЧЖУРИИ В НАЧАЛЕ XX в.

The paper touches on the processes of formation of the Russian population on the border territory of North-East China in the exclusion zone of the Chinese Eastern Railway, and reveals aspects of spiritual culture. The main emphasis is on creating a religiously tolerant environment for settlers in Manchuria, which was a common policy for the entire population of the Far Eastern Region. Particular attention is paid to Baptists, which took an active position in the Far East. Research is based on a wide range of sources, archival funds, personal archives, newspaper articles, research and general scientific literature. Some aspects of the work of Protestant missionaries are reflected only in confessional sources (in the books of V.I. Franchuk, Y.F. Sablin, G.P. Vince). Historical-systemic, comparative chronological, statistical and other methods made it possible to examine part of the spiritual culture in the designated area. The article examines aspects of the spread of evangelical doctrine at the beginning of the 20th century. As a result of the active work of Baptist churches and missionaries, the Far Eastern Union of Baptists (FEBL) was formed, which extended its activities to the border areas. Foreign missions provided personnel and financial support to fellow believers, this contributed to the spread of the gospel message in the 10s of the 20th century, but by the end of the 20s and 30s the situation had changed, and cooperation with foreign organizations was unfavorable. According to the author, the activities of the Manchu Baptist communities were closely connected with the Russian Far East, on the territory of which the governing body of the DVSB was located (initially in Blagoveshchensk, and then in Khabarovsk). The adherents of Evangelical Christian Baptists were mostly Russian-speaking, but work was also carried out with the Chinese population. In turn, the Far Eastern Union of Baptists, through the territory of Northern China, had the opportunity to more quickly and without control receive various types of assistance from European and American churches: funds and spiritual literature for the development of missionary activities.

On the issue of the formation and development of archival work in Yakutia (1920-1936)

The subject of the research is the issue of the formation of archival records management in Yakutia, as well as its development in the period from 1920 to 1936. At the moment, the archival fund of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) includes more than two million storage units, including management documentation with a permanent storage period and personal documents with a temporary storage period. The archives of Yakutia play an important role in the preservation and enrichment of the historical and cultural heritage of the region, contributing to the formation of a reliable information field and providing access to the documents of the archival fund of the republic. Therefore, the issue of the formation of the archival service in Yakutia as an independent body of the archival industry, with a management function, is gaining its relevance. In the work, the author used the method of scientific description, analysis of archival materials and bibliographic sources on the topic of the study. The novelty of the study is the considered process of formation of archival work in Yakutia as an independent body, in the first years of its development with the help of studying and analyzing archival materials contained in the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). As a result of the work, the author comes to the conclusion that the resolution of the Revolutionary Committee of the Yakut ASSR on archival work is becoming a key factor in the formation and development of archival work in Yakutia as an independent body in the archival industry.

Ukrainians in Italy fight for ukraine’s participation in the Olympic Games

The article analyzes archival funds and primary sources to establish the peculiarities of the activities of the Ukrainian diaspora in Italy on the eve of the 1960 Olympic Games. Correspondence between Osip Zinkevich and Vasyl Fedorovych regarding the participation of Ukrainian athletes separately from the USSR in the Olympic Games in Rome was revealed. It was found that the Ukrainian Olympic Committee was active on the eve and during the Olympic Games, distributing memorandums to the International Olympic Committee, National Olympic Committees, International Sports Federations, etc., printing newsletters, opening an information bureau in Rome.
 The activities of the information bureau of the Ukrainian Olympic Committee contributed to the distribution in Ukrainian and English of the newsletter «For the participation of Ukraine in the Olympic Games», the organization of a press conference in Rome for the foreign press, the organization of an exhibition of Ukrainian publications in the countries of the free world, the establishment of contacts with Ukrainian (Soviet) athletes , re-presenting the issue of Ukraine's participation in the Olympic Games at the Rome session of the IOC, promoting the Olympic idea among the Ukrainian community in Ukraine and abroad, publishing the book «Ukrainian Olympic Champions» in English. The idea of local participation of the Ukrainian team in the Olympic Games has little global support.

Architecture of the Far East in the first third of the XX century

The architecture of the Enlightenment is considered as a derivative of the architecture of the Far Eastern frontier, which consists of garrison and railway buildings. The article analyzes the projects of Far Eastern schools and colleges first identified in archival funds. To explain the phenomenon of “Russian style” schools, the author puts forward a version of the existence of a corporate “railroad Russian style” uniting a number of buildings from 1900 to 1926. Repeated elements speak of a plan, which was realized during a quarter of a century. The railway schools of the CER can be considered together with the Far Eastern railway stations as an integral part of a single ensemble.

Public Catering at Logging Sites in the Middle Volga Region during the Pre-War Five-Year Plans

The article examines one of the most important aspects of the industrial and domestic components of the logging process in the 1930s. The work of canteens and food stations for lumberjacks is considered using the example of the Middle Volga region, whose logging was typical for the European part of the USSR. At the same time, the article compares regional problems of catering at logging sites with all-Union trends. The source base for the article was the funds of regional archives of the Penza, Samara and Ulyanovsk regions and materials from periodicals of the 1930s. In general, the catering system at the logging sites of the largest logger in the Middle Volga region, the Sredles trust, was organized already at the end of the first five-year plan. The greatest number of problems in the public catering system in the third five-year plan were recorded in the Kuibyshevles sections. Typical methods for supplying the canteens of timber industry enterprises with products in the 1930s. began to organize their own subsidiary farms and purchase food. There are numerous complaints about the quality of food prepared in the forestry industry canteens. In some cases, the shortcomings of catering at logging sites were associated not with the general food shortage in the USSR, but with the low professionalism of canteen workers.

THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS COMPLEX IN URAL HISTORIOGRAPHY

The article deals with the results and achievements of Ural scientists in studying the nuclear industry history. Public interest in detailed, scientifically based coverage of the construction, development and operation of enterprises in the nuclear weapons complex has always existed, but the development of this initiative was hampered by the special secrecy of archival materials on the activities of all enterprises and organizations related to the development and serial production of nuclear charges and ammunition. Only the socio-ideological changes caused by perestroika led to the declassification of archival funds, making them available for research. This situation has led to an increase in the number of publications on the nuclear project topic, including publications of Ural scientists.

Кречетов Петр Иванович: жизнь и творчество

The article discusses the life and work of Petr Ivanovich Krechetov, a native of the city of Oryol, a graduate of a theological seminary, who studied law at the Yuriev University, an official in the Livonian and Amur provinces, and an emigrant in Manchuria. P.I. Krechetov was a literary figure who contributed to Russian literature and journalism at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. His works are referred to by modern literary critics as small im-pressionist prose. His critical articles are devoted to outstanding figures of Russian culture of the early XX cen-tury. P.I. Krechetov was one of the pioneers of local history of the Oryol region. To write the article, sources are involved in scientific circulation, including those extracted from the funds of the State Archives of the Khaba-rovsk Territory, previously unknown to researchers of the work of P.I. Krechetov. Thanks to this it became possi-ble to trace his creative path in the Russian Far East and in emigration.

Personal archive fund of historian Ion Jarcuțchi

The present study deals with the creation, systematization and scientific circulation of the 72nd Fund (Dr. Ion Jarcuțchi , s Personal Fund) within the Section Archive. Restoration and pathology of documents (former Central Scientific Archive of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova). The most recent acquisition of the Section is the donation of the Jarcuțchi family, who wished to give the interested public access to the private library and the documents (manuscripts) of the historian and chronicler of science from the Republic of Moldova Ion Jarcuțchi (1948–2014). The scientific researcher also held various administrative positions: deputy to the General Secretary of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, scientific secretary of the Humanities and Arts Section, director of the Institute of History, director of the Centre for Encyclopedic Studies of the Institute of Encyclopedic Studies. Dr. Ion Jarcuțchi , s personal fund was created between September - October 2023. It consists of an inventory holding 697 storage units, divided into five parts: I. Scientific works. Self-reports; II. Journals. Reports. Yearbooks; III. Artistic and historical literature; IV. Manuscripts. Other scientific materials. V. Miscellaneous.

Деятельность хорезмийских женщин на фронтах Второй мировой войны

This article highlights the activities of women of the Khorezm region in the ranks of the army and on the battlefield during the Second World War. The author points out that, along with all the republics of the USSR, the Uzbek SSR was also involved in the war, cite the number of people mobilized to the front from the Uzbek SSR, and then focus on those who went to war from the Khorezm region. The article cites as an example the courage of Khorezm women of different nationalities who served at the front and received ranks. The names of women from Khorezm who went to war and did not return, as well as information about them are given. In the article, the author refers to unpublished materials (archival documents of the Department of Defense Affairs of the Khorezm region, books of registration of participants in the war, accounting records). The author covers the topic in detail using documents from the archival fund of the Khorezm Defense Department, which have not been introduced into scientific circulation. These documents provide preliminary information about the activities of women who went to war from Khorezm. Analyzing the documents, the authors identified the names of about 350 women who left the region for the war. They prove the erroneousness of the information given in the studies conducted in Uzbekistan until 2020, that 47 women from the region took part in the war. Also, as a suggestion, in order to immortalize the memory of these women in the heroic struggle against fascism, the necessity of creating new works of fiction, films, plays together with multi-volume Books of Memory, monographs, brochures is substantiated.

ARCHIVE FUND OF THE PEOPLE'S COMMISSARIAT OF FINANCES OF THE UZBEKISTAN SSR AS A SOURCE OF THE FINANCIAL, AND BUDGETARY HISTORY OF THE REPUBLIC

This article is devoted to revealing the historical significance of documents from the archival fund of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the Uzbek SSR, stored in the National Archives of Uzbekistan. The study provides the types of documents stored in the fund and their description. Historical data on expenditures and revenues of the republic’s budget in 1924-1941 are also analyzed. In addition, information about the system of formation of the state budget and local budgets was also studied in annual reports stored in the People's Commissariat of Finance.