Architecture In Indonesia Research Articles

Modern architecture in Indonesia: A genealogy study

Architectures in Indonesia are often identified as 'unique' compared to European and American constructions. They are referred to as Wastuwidya by Mangunwijaya and Nusantara by Prijotomo. This paper, therefore, aimed to examine the reasons for the perceived similar principles between the Indonesian architectures and those in Europe or America and also reviewed the architecture in the country beyond the identity. This involved the application of a historical approach with synchronous-diachronic methods to determine the significance of a historical timeline and its architectural content. The results showed the country’s modern architecture is associated with the foreign entry, its climate, and socio-cultural conditions, and also perceived as a sign of certain political powers presented during the Daendels and Sukarno era. Indonesian and European/American architectural designs were also observed to have different entry processes. Therefore, modern architecture should be perceived as a process rather than a product.
 © 2020 Johannes Adiyanto

Reflecting the Spirit of Modern-Indonesia Through Architecture: The Icono-Symbolical Meanings of Jengki Architectural Style Case Studies: Bandung Polytechnic of Health Building and Bumi Sangkuriang Meeting Hall in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

The architectural discourse in Indonesia generally focuses on traditional architecture that represents specific regional icons, the synthesis of traditional architecture with European-style architecture, and modern architecture inspired by International Style. This research focuses on the architectural style in Indonesia which flourished in the 1950s, known as the Jengki architectural style. This architectural style is essential in the history of Indonesian architecture, considering that the style reflects the spirit of nationalism and post-colonial Indonesian. This research aims to explore the icons of Jengki architecture, by elucidating the architectural concepts that underlie the two oldest Jengki buildings in Bandung, West Java. The analysis showed that the characteristics of this architectural style shown by the configuration of architectural elements resembling the form of a pentagon, mostly asymmetrical in spatial layout, playful articulation of ornaments, and the use of local materials. The pentagon becomes an icon of Pancasila, which is a foundational principle of the new Indonesian state and symbolize the meaning of nationalism. Thus, the icon which also represents symbolic meaning becomes an essential aspect in the design of Jengki-style buildings in the future. This icon can be an alternative to be applied to modern buildings that are intended to display national icons, rather than particular regional icons. Besides enriching the architectural knowledge of Indonesian architecture, the results of this study are beneficial to architectural practitioners, stakeholders, and architectural conservationists as well

Building Façade of the Architect Richard L.A. Schoemaker in Bandung

Schoemaker is the first Professor of Architecture in Indonesia. His works are the basis of modern architectural design in Indonesia. The the aim of this work is to find out Schoemaker’s concepts through scruntinizing the facades of his work. An architectural survey method is used in collecting the architectural data among several Schoemaker’s buildings in Bandung. Artifact measuring is conducted to build the 3D models of each of his building works, to analyze the architectural thinking of his. The result is showing that Schoemaker is using many concepts of early Dutch Architects used, including the Indo-European Architecture, the Art Deco and in time, combining it with the ornaments, materials, and patterns of local tradition.

DUA BELAS TEKNIK IKAT KONSTRUKSI KAYU PADA RUMAH VERNAKULAR TOLAKI

The technique of binding wood construction in Tolaki vernacular houses tends to fade due to esotericism. This research is important as follows: (1) to uncover and preserve Tolaki's architectural identity in the form of wood-binding techniques; (2) to enrich the Southeast Sulawesi architecture literature in particular and Indonesian architecture in general. This research is intended to formulate the wood construction binding technique in Tolaki vernacular house. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. Data sources consist of primary data and secondary data. This research uses triangulation data collection techniques. The method of data analysis is carried out by means of information organized, information and codefication studied, cases and contexts described, findings interpreted, and findings presented narratively. The study concluded that the construction of wood in the Tolaki vernacular house consisted of 12 (twelve) connective techniques as follows: first, peusu temomo, peusu kinalase, peusu pinewa’a, peusu pinepuhe, peusu niranggia, and peusu tundo ndowaea are included in the category of cross ties; second, peusu kinalili and peusu pinekalo are included in the category of dead cross ties; third, peusu pinepuhu, peusu sinemba, peusu mbekale, and peusu sinemba aso hara are included in the category of mobile cross ties.

NILAI KENUSANTARAAN ARSITEKTUR BOLA UGI MENURUT SANRO BOLA DI DUSUN KAJUARA KABUPATEN BONE


 
 
 Title: Nusantara Value of Architecture of Bola Ugi at Kajuara Village, Bone District, According to Sanro Bola
 Nusantara Architecture has been apprehended as an archipelagic vernacular architecture located in the locality of cultural space. It has a tacit knowled related to traditions, values, as well as a universal and sectional significance (Pangarsa, 2006). The cultural characteristics of Nusantara architecture in Indonesia has a diverse forms, both physical and non-physical. One of archipelagic vernacular architectures in the cultural space is bola ugi architecture (Buginese House). Bola ugi has archipelagic elements associated with the values and space and physical significance. The purpose of this study was to determine the archipelagic values in bola ugi based on the knowledge possessed by the House of Bugis architect sanro bola. This research used a descriptive analysis qualitative research methodologies based on interviews of some sanro bolas and was conducted using a snow ball sampling. The results of the research showed that the archipelagic value of bola ugi included the hierarchical elements of space, room layout, orientation, and the symbol of the structure.
 
 

BERARSITEKTUR ERA KINI: ANTARA LIVING WITH NATURE DAN LIVING WITHIN NATURE

Title: Current Architecture: Between Living with Nature and Living Within Nature Architecture is the answer to human needs on shelter, from the basic structure copying the structure concept in nature to more complex buildings that can be in harmony or in contrast with the surroundings. Nature and architecture are two distinct but related things, mutually affecting their existence. The two paradigms of architecture; modern and post-modern, have their own views about them. Based on those paradigms, architect must select the position where they and their creations belong. With the case studies of architecture in Indonesia, this paper aims at exploring architects’ points of view about nature and site’s coverage and demanding architects not merely to take sides with human being. Using data collection and descriptive method, this paper will provide overview of which architectural paradigm is better with more attention to the nature and the site’s coverage. Even though the architectures presented in this study are built in contemporary era, their paradigms about nature are different. Some use the paradigm of living with nature, and others use the paradigm of living within nature.

INTERIOR RESTORATION A.A MARAMIS BUILDING MINISTRY OF FINANCE OF INDONESIA: DEVELOPING INTERIOR CONCEPTS WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE RESTORATION

A.A Maramis is a palace building consisting of 3 floors with the 19th century Empire in Indonesia. This building represents the development of Indonesian architecture in the early 19th century. In the renovation planning that began at the end of 2019, the A.A Maramis building is expected to be a historical reminder of how important this agency is as well as the chronology of events that have occurred in the past in order to increase love for the nation and the motherland. In the planning of restoration is expected to become one of the attractive and educative tourism destination. Restoration of A.A. Maramis building refers to the concepts and principles of Cultural Heritage. This study uses qualitative methods and interdisciplinary approaches include history, culture, and aesthetics. The renovation and development as well as the use of the interior or interior is a place to preserve, present and convey information about the travel history of the Ministry of Finance in developing the nation and state of Indonesia.Keywords: A.A Maramis building Ministry of Finance of Indonesia, developing, interior concept, the principle of cultural heritage restoration

Aspek-Aspek Arsitektur Kolonial Belanda Pada Bangunan Pendopo Puri Mangkunegaran Surakarta

<p class="Abstract"><em>Dutch colonial architecture that developed in Indonesia, throughout the colonial period (around the 17<sup>th</sup> century to 1942) was a combination of colonial and local culture to respond to the Indonesian climate. Dutch colonial architecture in Indonesia is a work of Dutch colonial heritage in Indonesia during the colonial period. The result was the Dutch East Indies style with a "colonial" image and adapted to the local environment that responded to climate. Colonial architecture grafted architecture from European countries into colonies. The aspects of Dutch colonial architecture in the "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegran" building were studied to find out the elements of Dutch colonial architecture. "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegarn" is a vernacular architecture / Javanese architecture with a pillar structure system, allegedly there is an architectural element from the outside due to acculturation. The results of this study will be encouraged to know aspects of Dutch colonial architecture in the "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegaran" building from aspects of floor plans, structures, materials and other architectural elements. The results of this study are also expected to contribute knowledge in the field of architecture related to acculturation of foreign cultures that have an impact on local architecture.</em></p>

The Transformation of Vernacular Architecture in Indonesia in Relation to Colonisation By the Dutch

During my semester abroad at the Udayana University in Denpasar, Bali, I increasingly felt the need to deal with the culture, lifestyle and way of life of Indonesians, among other things with regard to their housing situation. During my studies at the university I realized that the colonization of the Dutch had an influence on the life of the locals and I asked myself to what extent the colonization had an influence on the architecture. In class I learned a lot about traditional buildings in Indonesia, during an excursion to Taman Nusa, an Indonesian Culture Park, I was able to examine them personally and draw comparisons. In everyday life, however, I have seen very little of such architecture in and around Denpasar and therefore wanted to gain an understanding of its development. In order to be able to deal with the topic, I first of all dealt with what transformation means to me, especially in relation to architecture. I also dealt with colonization and its temporal implications for Indonesia. It was important for me to find out what influence the Dutch had on Indonesian lifestyles during the years of upheaval and what changes there were in architecture as a result. In conclusion, the results were that the influence on architecture might not necessarily be a transformation, but that architecture was replaced by Western structures and then further developed to adapt it to the circumstances. This results in a new understanding for the current architecture in cities and also for the fact that vernacular architecture is not to be found in these.
 Index Terms— Colonisation, Replace, Transformation, Vernacular Architecture

Concrete: Politics in the Development of Modern Architecture in Indonesia

The more we get into the modern era, concrete existence precisely becomes a doubt for architects and critics. They have arrived at concrete is something that doesn’t have reciprocal principles and forms if we are willing to bring ourselves further by accepting the thought that concrete is the formation of various parameters. This paper aims to see concrete not only technical terms but in how concrete influences the growth of modern architecture in Indonesia, adjusting deep-rooted culture and the political order. I will see the architectural development at the beginning of independence and the New Order era; that use concrete and are significant to criticize architecture, culture, and politics. Analysis of theoretical construction is needed to identify a new perspective of critical thinking of architectural, as well as the analysis and synthesis is applied to the comparative analysis. The use of concrete technology become the countenance and considered monumental, and as a result, the notions from the actors build a modern representation. In material discourse, concrete has been widely studied, interpreted, and innovated. Thus, this research expected to be the content of empty niches in all the diversity of its applications, beyond the sphere of engineering and architectural realm.

Genius loci in Aceh Utara contemporary architecture

Aceh traditional house has become a legacy of its predecessors, but that traditional house will lose its function and existence throughout the journey and technological development, and the depletion of understanding and pride in the potential of Indonesian architecture caused by a lack of information about architectural potential. This study aims to assess the meaning contained in traditional and contemporary houses of Aceh through the theory of genius locus approach so that it can be used as a reference in the design of homes for Acehnese people who are full of culture and remain in their own. This research obtains by using descriptive qualitative methods that relate the life of the people of Aceh Utara by taking several samples of contemporary homes used as a place that is a culture comes to appear. The results of this study are the discovery of abstract and concrete spaces that become places and destinations of life based on the beliefs and life views of the Acehnese wherever they are.

Characteristics of Petung Bamboo as the Main Structure of Wide Span Bamboo Hall Building at Gubukklakah, Poncokusumo, Malang

Dendrocalamus asper, or commonly known as “petung bamboo”, is one of the local bamboo varieties that has a thick and wide stem perimeter. Based on its characteristics, petung bamboo has always been the ultimate choice to be utilized as the primary structure of bamboo buildings from a small span building until a wide span building. Nevertheless, there is limited access to the literature which studies the petung bamboo as the primary structure of wide span buildings. This problem had gained our attention to conduct examination and further study. The examination andanalysis of petung bamboo as the primary structure in Gubukklakah Hall building is crucial, due to the structural material recommendation for the architectural design in the future. This study was focusing on the examination of petung bamboo’s characteristics as the primary structure of wide span buildings. There are several methods used in this study such as the qualitative method, literature studies, and case studies. Three important aspects will be discussed in the petung bamboo as the primary structure of the wide span building study framework: characteristics, strength,and on-site application. Hopefully, the study framework can give a positive contribution to Indonesian architecture development in terms of analytical data and documentation from petung bamboo as the primary structure in the Bamboo Hall Building.

The sustainable built environment maintained by the Betawian traditional house’s faithfulness in local wisdom

The uniqueness of construction and building process influences the purpose of form, generally recognized by local wisdom. Occasionally climate will not influence the building it follows, custom-tradition and environment condition that determine the differences of characteristics in responding to the climate. There are three elements to consider in architectural discipline: Nature as a place that influences the building; Building as a product to fulfill human necessity to stay in nature, and human as user, occupant, designer or builder. Those elements are inseparable, as they link to each other. Consequently it is important to take into account the environmental conditions when establish building and dwelling. Beside that it is necessary for house residents to obey and follow the stipulation regulated by local custom or tradition. The Betawian house is traditional house that maintains the built environment sustainability it is faithfulness in the local wisdom. For instance the house has veranda as a respond to the climate. For that reasons the author conducted this research with the following hypothesis “the fidelity to local wisdom in supporting the traditional house’s response to the climate” with descriptive-qualitative methodology. The discussion included the theory of traditional architecture in Indonesia, the Betawian ethnic house; the tropical architecture-building theory and the sustainable architecture theory. Findings showed the decrease a number of housing and dwelling that use of local wisdom as a response to the climate changes. One of the research goals was to preserve the local wisdom by maintaining the traditional house and teaching the house resident to preserve. Publishing a journal article is a way to raise the awareness of the built environment sustainability.

The Façade Characters of NIS Stations in the Yogyakarta-Bantul Line

The development of station architecture in Indonesia was preceded by railroad transportation technology developed by the Dutch as a colonial state in the 19th century. In 1867 the Dutch government established the first line connecting Semarang to Yogyakarta. In Yogyakarta Province the development of NIS stations was driven by the growth of the sugar industry at that time. The Yogyakarta-Bantul railroad initially had 12 stations, but only five stations remained, namely Ngabean Station, Dongkelan Station, Winongo Station, Bantul Station, dan Palbapang Station. This study aimed to investigate the differences in façade characters of the Yogyakarta-Bantul NIS stations in more detail. It employed qualitative research methods with a rationalistic paradigm approach. Results revealed the characters in the transitional era where the buildings still had a terrace with simple pillars, a gable roof with a wide overhang with angles ranging from 40-45 degrees, decorative wall elements in the form of “arch” and clear geometri lines. In contrast, the stations with the post-independence Indies architecture no longer had a terrace but they had a limasan roof with angles ranging from 50-60 degrees, decorative elements of the wall in the form of simple geometric lines and stone fragments as wallcoverings. Experimental formations appeared on trapezoid-shaped doors and circular vents.

RUMAH SAKIT PASIR JUNGHUHN: ARSITEKTUR KHAS BANGUNAN PERKEBUNAN PENINGGALAN ZAMAN BELANDA

The plantation industry building has an important value in the development of history and architecture in Indonesia, so it is necessary to do research and documentation. One of them is the Pasir Junghuhn Hospital in Purbasari Plantation, which has begun to forget its history and appear physically damaged, so it is feared that it will experience more serious damage and eliminate its historical traces. Archaeological research methods with data collection techniques: surface survey, oral history interviews, literary studies, and colonial archives, provide an explanation of the history and architecture of buildings and the important values contained therein. The results obtained are the building of Pasir Junghuhn Hospital which has historical value, local wisdom, and knowledge of modern western technology and the architectural style of the Hindia Baru typical of the plantation buildings of its era.

The Borobudur temple: the Buddhist architecture in Indonesia

The article presents the current state of knowledge about the Borobudur temple, a valuable representative of Buddhist architecture, located in Java, Indonesia. The author presents the genesis of the temple, the facts concerning its rediscovery after centuries of oblivion, and Buddhist cosmology embodied in the form of a three-dimensional mandala on which the architectural form of Borobudur is based. The author studies Buddhist symbolism of the architectural form, reliefs and sculptures created on the basis of regional patterns and local Javanese culture of everyday life. This temple is one of the most perfect examples of translation of Buddhist cosmology and symbolism into an architectural form. At the same time, it constitutes an intercultural and timeless masterpiece of architecture and sculpture which requires particular protection, also due to the influence it exerts on the life of local Buddhist religious minorities.

Kajian Etis Normatif dalam Pendidikan Arsitektur di Era Industri 4.0

<p class="Abstract"><em>Industry 4.0 is a necessity in the current global era. Indonesia since 2018 has prepared itself with the "Making Indonesia 4.0" roadmap, which covers the food and beverage, textile, automotive, electronic</em><em>s</em><em> and chemical industries. This program is also supported by a link and match program between the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Research, Technology and </em><em>Higher Education</em><em>. On the other hand, the development of the use of BIM and 3D printers in building construction has begun to develop rapidly. The construction approach 4.0 will soon be entering Indonesia so</em><em>,</em><em> that the link and match with the world of education need to be a concern. </em><em>Is it the education of architecture in Indonesia already prepare for that technology? That is the main question in this paper. </em><em>This </em><em>research </em><em>approach is a normative ethical philosophy approach. The method used is a normative qualitative method and makes a comparison between the phenomena of industrial development 4.0, especially those related to construction 4.0 with the latest developments in the world of education, especially architectural education in Indonesia. This comparison is then compared with legislation related to undergraduate higher education in the department / architecture study program. These appeals become the basis for the stages of discussion that see developments into the future of the IT world related to architecture. This </em><em>research</em><em> shows that there is something fundamental in the present development, namely the aspect of cooperation. The aspect of cooperation is the key to the use of BIM, and this is also the main variable in legislation which is termed the humanities value. Thus the difficulty of using BIM software in various universities due to various technical and non-technical reasons is not an obstacle to pursuing standards that are consistent with the development of the phenomenon of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This can be said because the development of BIM in the future is not only talking about technical matters, but also on social problems, especially human capabilities collaboratively. The ability of collaboration between designers and the ability of collaboration across sciences is an important capability in the future.</em></p>

Review of Thermal Comfort in Warm Humid Climate for Traditional Architecture in Indonesia

This review discusses the thermal performance of traditional buildings in Indonesia. It is intended to see the impact of the traditional architectural design and its thermal comfort in the warm humid climate of Indonesia. The literature review was taken from 16 articles which cover Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and the Nusa Tenggara region. The articles were classified into tropical climates (Af), monsoon tropics (Am) and savanna (Af) groups to identify which architectural elements in traditional buildings contributes to thermal comfort. Based on simulation and measurement in the field, it is found that the roof contributes to changes in temperature in the building.

Tectonic in Architecture in Capability of Capturing Epoch

Globalization excludes territory, carries out universal spirit as more emphasizing univalence rather than multivalence. In architectural context, universal perspective is just at doubt in its capacity to respond epoch challenge. Modernity proliferating into diversity of life aspects causes architecture attaint to hegemonic status not rich of colours, texture, ornament, and not rationalistic. Tectonic aspect in architecture is expected to be able to uplift locality dignity rooted from existing culture, nature, and material resource. This research is done with a qualitative, deductive and verificative method with study object of architectural work already available. Field observation result refers to a theory setup deductively from journal collections studies; expert is opinion so that it results in tectonic variable formulation in architecture. Research object selected is architectural work to explore tectonic architecture, known adept at exploring natural potency and local cultural riches as well as material usage of local building. A result obtained is a comprehension on tectonic in architecture and all aspects constituting it. A comprehension gained is tested to architectural work with perspective up to their implementation in the field. Finally, it concludes that tectonic aspect in architecture can be a creation alternative of locality architecture in Indonesia.

KEARIFAN KAENBAUN SEBAGAI DASAR KONSEPTUAL PADA TATA SPASIAL ARSITEKTUR PERMUKIMAN SUKU DAWAN DI DESA KAENBAUN (The Kaenbaun Wisdom as a Conceptual Basis of the Spatial Design of Settlement Architecture of Dawanese in Kaenbaun Village)

The Research based on an intercultural contact approach is significant to study the traditional settlements and to support the preservation of local culture-based architecture in Indonesia. The Kaenbaun village inhabited by Dawan tribes is a vernacular village and organized based on local resources (physical-natural, technological, economic, social and cultural) fully. It is believed that even the ancestral spirits were involved in structuring settlements and the process of village life. The Kaenbaun's culture is a mixture of Dawan culture and the faith and dogma of the Catholic church which form Kaenbaun's wisdom and underlie the behavior of citizens and the spatial layout of Kaenbaun's settlements. The study was conducted by using field observation guided by Husserlian phenomenological paradigm. The data were processed based on inductive-qualitative thinking by using the field notes taken from field research activities in 2004 to 2010. Data were also supplemented by actual information gathered in 2010-2018 through digital media. The result showed that the local wisdom of Kaenbaun (Kaenbaun's wisdom) emerged from the Dawan culture with the acculturation of Catholic faith and dogma becoming a guideline for the behavior of citizens and the spatial structure of the Kaenbaun village settlement architecture. The Kaenbaun's wisdom is the concept of Kaenbaun's ideal life where humans live in harmony with their fellow humans, harmony with nature, blessed by their ancestors and blessed by God.