Architecture Development Process Research Articles

NC-Library: Expanding SystemC Capabilities for Nested reConfigurable Hardware Modelling

As runtime reconfiguration is used in an increasing number of hardware architectures, new simulation and modeling tools are needed to support the developer during the design phases. In this article, a language extension for SystemC is presented, together with a design methodology for the description and simulation of dynamically reconfigurable hardware at different levels of abstraction. The library presented offers a high degree of flexibility in the description of reconfiguration features and their management, while allowing runtime reconfiguration simulation, removal, and replacement of custom modules as well as third-party components throughout the architecture development process. In addition, our approach supports the emerging concept of nested reconfiguration and split regions with a minimal simulation overhead of a maximum of three delta cycles for signal and transaction forwarding, and four delta cycles for the reconfiguration process.

Perencanaan Strategis SI/TI menggunakan Metode Ward & Peppard Pada PT. Siaku Harapan Bersama

Technological and business developments are increasing, therefore an organization or company can achieve maximum goals, but not everything can go well. For this reason, Enterprise Architecture is needed in realizing a business strategy and company information technology so that it can provide full support for the company's IT and business needs. Pekanbaru Service Center is a service that has a mission to provide quality services to consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to improve services that support the business activities of the Pekanbaru Service Center, one of which is the ineffectiveness of information on services for consumers. The approach taken in designing system requirements for consumer information services is to use the application of Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise Architecture can be the method for designing information technology and system solutions according to current business directions. The EA design in this study is using TOGAF. TOGAF is framework and methodology for developing and explaining the detailed architecture of an organization/ company which is complete and pcan support the Enterprise Architecture development process.

The Influence of the Thermal Conduction and Detail Development Process in Architecture

During the architectural design process, it is particularly important to emphasize the aspect of the heat flow in buildings. Therefore, by raising the question of the heat flow in buildings, we perform an in-depth examination of the following parameters: climate conditions, material characteristics, and thermal conduction. For the most part, the research will focus on examining the thermal conductivity, and materiality applied in buildings throughout the design process. In other words, this study will demonstrate several key points: (a) analyze the proposed methodology, and challenges within the architectural design process based on the climate context; (b) associate each of the stages with diverse parameters; (c) represent three separate structures situated in different climate zones and, (d) finally, the driving factors affecting the architectural design development process. The research is primarily driven by the idea of bringing together two aspects: the sustainable treatment of the buildings and environmental awareness in architecture. Finally, this study merges two approaches within the design development process: technical and environmental. Therefore, the main focus of this study is placed on the technical and technological aspects of the detail in architecture. Based on these two approaches, three architectural design proposals are demonstrated.

Perancangan Arsitektur Enterprise FMIPA UNTAN Menggunakan Kerangka Kerja TOGAF Berbasis SOA

The research aims to develop an Enterprise Architecture from FMIPA UNTAN, this is based on the many individual information systems that have been developed by FMIPA UNTAN which are not integrated in data and technology. This situation results in overlapping data that can affect the effectiveness of decision making within the organization. The designed Enterprise Architecture implements the concept of service-oriented architecture in order to support the integration between the business layer and the organization's technology layer. To support the research, several concepts are used, such as TOGAF as a framework for developing Enterprise Architecture, Service Oriented Architecture as a supporter for integration of architectural layers, and Archimate and Business Process Modeling Notation as a modeling language used to create architectural artifacts. The stages of the research included problem identification, the Enterprise Architecture development process followed the stages of TOGAF ADM namely the preliminary phase, architectural vision, business architecture, information system architecture, technology architecture, and making an architecture implementation roadmap. The results of the development of Enterprise Architecture are architectural artifacts consisting of catalogs, matrices, and diagrams of business, information system, and technology architecture. Based on the design results, it is found that the Enterprise Service Bus concept in Service Oriented Architecture can be used to support application and data integration in organization, as well as the concept of service access can bridge the gap between the business layer and the technology layer.

19세기 후반 ~ 20세기 후반 정치적 격변에 따른 건축문화 유산 재건의 경향성에 관한 연구

The main purpose of this study is to understand the impact of political upheaval on the reconstruction of the architectural heritage and the architectural development process that appeared at this time. During the turbulent period(19~20th century), political upheaval influenced society as a whole. The reconstruction of the architectural heritage was also carried out in conjunction with the political upheaval at that time. It confirmed a clear architectural tendency in the reconstruction of the architectural heritage. First of all, it was found that the reconstruction subject strongly intervened in the selection of the reconstruction target, the appearance of the reconstruction target, the method and speed of the reconstruction progress. Lastly it was empirically analyzed through a case review that the reconstruction of the architectural heritage was intentionally carried out to spread the political ideology of the time.

Building circularity as a measure of sustainability in the old and modern architecture: A case study of architecture development in the hot and dry climate

Nowadays, the construction industry has turned to the consumption of large amounts of natural resources in line with global population growth, which has led to the shortage of resources, and consequently increases in the construction debris; therefore, the present article has studied the positive and negative points of the architectural development process. The results have indicated that being compared to the former architecture; the development of architecture has reduced energy consumption by 78%. Hence, the scarcity of virgin resources and consequently the increase of environmental effects such as Global Warming Potential (GWP) have been measured based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). It has been illustrated that the architecture trend has increased the environmental impact of new materials by 5 times the old ones in GWP. To optimize and increase resource productivity, a review of buildings by the principles of Circular Economy (CE) has shown that 10% of old house materials and 3% of new house materials could be returned to the chain based on the CE concept. Other than reducing the GWP emissions of the construction industry and the development of zero waste systems, this paper, by replacing conventional materials with biocompatible, has been able to increase the Building Circularity (BC) by 27% in the old house and 3% in the new one, which emphasizes a regenerative approach. As a result, with this solution, more integrity would be observed between the construction environment and nature, both in the development of past architecture and in the improvement of future architecture.

Tethered Architectures in Cyber-Physical System Development: The Case of Tesla’s Autopilot System

Cyber-physical systems developed to operate under environmental uncertainty, such as self-driving cars, represent challenges within the new product development process. The amount of data and need for iteration of software in addressing the variety and complexity of use environments can conflict with the realities of hardware development lead-time and manufacture. Furthermore, developing new capabilities requires the ability to learn from product use. Current theories regarding product architecture do not provide an adequate architectural blueprint for the development of cyber-physical systems. In this research, through a longitudinal analysis of Tesla's Autopilot system, we propose the concept of a “tethered architecture”. A tethered architecture simultaneously allows the slower, incremental iteration of hardware to be linked with faster, exploratory development of software and continual data-rich feedback loops between product development and use. This paper demonstrates how a tethered product architecture and related development process can enable continuous cycles of learning and adaptation to the variety and complexity of physical environments and situations. This architectural reconfiguration decouples hardware and software while introducing a tight integration between the consumer-facing product and backend software infrastructure and operations. The iterative nature of product development may prove identity-challenging for firms that have traditionally focused on developing complete products, as a tethered architecture gives rise to new product strategies, lifecycle models, knowledge regimes, and organizational arrangements.

Modularity Design Rules for Architecture Development: Theory, Implementation, and Evidence from the Development of the Renault–Nissan Alliance “Common Module Family” Architecture

In this paper, we propose a set of rules for developing modular architectures. We first consider the well-known concept of “Design Rules” advanced by Baldwin and Clark. We then propose a broader conceptualization called “Modularity Design Rules” that is derived from later studies of the strategic, managerial, and organizational processes that must also be undertaken to implement successful modular development projects. We elaborate the critical role that the proposed Modularity Design Rules play in strategically grounding, organizing, and managing modular architecture development processes. We also identify key roles that top management must fulfill in supporting implementation of the proposed rules. We then provide evidence in support of the proposed Modularity Design Rules through a case study of the Renault–Nissan Alliance’s successful development and use of a modular “Common Module Family” architecture between 2009 and 2014. We then suggest some important implications of the Modularity Design Rules for open innovation processes in new product development.

Using MBSE for the Enhancement of Consistency and Continuity in Modular Product-Service-System Architectures

Within emerging markets, ensuring the competitiveness of manufacturing companies is crucial to their success. The integration of new business possibilities, such as Product-Service-Systems (PSS) can provide one suitable solution. Especially within the architecture development process, large amounts of interconnected data and data types need to be processed and versioned. This leads to a significant lack of data consistency and continuity along the development process of modular PSS architectures. This lack of consistency and continuity leads to a process being prone to errors, representing a significant negative impact onto the company’s value-added stream. We provide one possible solution to these issues by presenting a PSS architecture modularization approach based upon the modularization methods of the Integrated PKT-Approach. Using concepts of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) for modelling these architectures, automated and dynamic analyses of the architecture for the iteration and harmonization of the PSS architecture under development are enabled. The at first generically described approach is further detailed in the second part of this contribution by applying it to an industry case study for mobile laser welding systems. As a result, a clear support for the visualization of architecture iteration aspects as well as for the enhancement of data consistency and continuity is given.

An Empirical Study for the Deep Learning Models

Deep Learning (DL) models have tested to be very powerful in solving many hard problems. Especially, those are related to computer vision, text, speech, and classification. However, the blueprint of such models requires large space and elaboration that needs to be examined. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is the most popular neural network that can extract the features automatically as compared to conventional machine learning algorithms (CMLA). Our aim in this paper is to lessen the human attempt required to layout architectures by the use of a gadget architecture development process that allows the exploration of huge design space by automating sure version construction, alternative generation, and assessment. The main operations in CNN are Convolution, Pooling, Flattening, Full Connection between the input and output layer. The dataset taken as CIFAR 10 having 60,000 color images of 10 different classes is considered for the study where, various classes represent the images of cars, trucks, frogs, horses, trucks, cats, cars, airplanes, ships, and deer. It is expected that the performance of the CNN model can be further improved by using the deeper network architecture, or by an increasing number of epochs or data augmentation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explain simple and deeper CNN models on the CIFAR 10 dataset and the comparison has been carried out to check the accuracy achieved from both the models.

Analysis of Service-Oriented Architecture and Scrum Software Development Approach for IIoT

Flexibility and change adoption are key attributes for service-oriented architecture (SOA) and agile software development processes. Although the notion of agility is quite visible on both sides, still the integration of the two diverse concepts (architectural framework and development process) should be well thought of before employing them for a software development project. For this purpose, this study is designed to analyze the two diverse software architectural framework and development approaches, that is, SOA and Scrum process model, respectively, and their integrated environment in software project development setup perspective for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This study also analyzes commonalities among Scrum process model and SOA architectural framework to identify compatibility between Scrum and SOA so that the Scrum process can be constructively used for SOA based projects. This study also examines the proper design and setup of Scrum process suitable for large-scale SOA based projects. For this purpose, an SOA based research and development project is selected as a case study using Scrum as the software development process. The project development and deployment perspective include eight core modules that constitute the overall project framework.

Design of Enterprise Information System Architecture with Oracle Architecture Development Process (OADP) Case Study in Vocational High Schools

The development of information and communication technology has led to increasingly competitive competition among organizations. The management of the organization is required to build and develop a fast, precise and accurate information system (IS) to assist business activities in achieving organizational goals and providing services to stakeholders, especially in relation to data, information, technology and applications. ORACLE Architecture Development Process (OADP) is a method or frame of reference for building an information architecture oriented to business needs. This consists of the data architecture, applications, technology and implementation plans of the architectures that have been created to support business activities in achieving the organization mission. The OADP describes the data architecture, applications and technology required to support the organization business. Vocational High Schools cannot be separated from the needs of business and information architecture. A lot of information is generated from all processes that occur in the Vocational High School environment every day but the existing data management is not efficient because it has not been thoroughly connected. This may take a long time to process past data or calculate future needs because the data management process is still running separately. Because of these cases, the modeling information architecture in an organizational environment is required as a stage in supporting the running of business processes in the organization.

Design of Enterprise Information System Architecture with Oracle Architecture Development Process (OADP) Case Study in Vocational High Schools

The development of information and communication technology has led to increasingly competitive competition among organizations. The management of the organization is required to build and develop a fast, precise and accurate information system (IS) to assist business activities in achieving organizational goals and providing services to stakeholders, especially in relation to data, information, technology and applications. ORACLE Architecture Development Process (OADP) is a method or frame of reference for building an information architecture oriented to business needs. This consists of the data architecture, applications, technology and implementation plans of the architectures that have been created to support business activities in achieving the organization mission. The OADP describes the data architecture, applications and technology required to support the organization business. Vocational High Schools cannot be separated from the needs of business and information architecture. A lot of information is generated from all processes that occur in the Vocational High School environment every day but the existing data management is not efficient because it has not been thoroughly connected. This may take a long time to process past data or calculate future needs because the data management process is still running separately. Because of these cases, the modeling information architecture in an organizational environment is required as a stage in supporting the running of business processes in the organization.

Perancangan Aplikasi Desain Bangunan 3D Menggunakan Virtual Reality dan Google Cardboard di Tjantik Kost Yogyakarta

Architectural presentations have evolved over time. Which starts from using hand drawings then continues to develop into visuals created by computers, the more advanced the technology, the presentation produced will be more interesting because the visual results are closer to the object of the original design. Therefore, researchers develop architectural presentations by applying Virtual Reality technology to Tjantik Kost Yogyakarta so that the architectural development and presentation process will be more interactive and interesting. Virtual Reality is a technology that can make users interact in a Virtual environment with computer media that is simulated in real time. The purpose of this study is to make it easier for clients to see the presentation of the building directly with results that are close to reality without having to go to the construction site and not waste time. The research methodology used is Rapid Application Development. The results of the study were in the form of a three-dimensional design of the Tjantik Kost Yogyakarta building which was designed using the Unity 3D game engine and the Android SDK plugin which was built for android-based smartphone version 9.0 pie which has an Accelerometer sensor and a gyroscope. The results and testing are proven by validation in the form of question and answer interviews of client owners from Tjantik Kost Yogyakarta.

The Impact of Globalization on Neoliberal Architecture: How Modern Architecture has become a Tool for Control and Compliance

In the last two decades, many developed countries such as America and developing countries such as Jordan have undergone extensive privatization of public spaces, which has been expressed by intensive and modern construction of resident societies where this process can be observed in many cities that apply the principles of policies and neoliberal and modern theories in engineering Architecture, which in turn affected the support and expansion of capital for the higher social classes and the weakening of the welfare of the poor social classes as part of the globalization processes. My research method will focus extensively on the relationship of politics and beauty in architecture through a comparative study based on an analysis of the influence of architectural characteristics of neoliberal and modern theories before and after World War I and II on the formation of buildings that in turn affect the city, society, or region. The architect criticizes the role of globalization, politics, and economics as an important factor in architecture development processes.

Spatial Organization and Production Activities at Bakla Tepe during the First Half of the 3rd Millennium BC

Coğrafi, iklimsel ve kültürel benzerliklere sahip olan Batı Anadolu sahil kesimi ve Doğu Ege Adaları'nda, MÖ 3. Binyıl'ın başlarında yerleşim modelleri ve yapı tipleri açısından birbiriyle benzer bir mimari gelişim süreci yaşanmıştır. Bakla Tepe mimarisi üzerinde yapılan detaylı çalışma yalnızca Batı Anadolu sahil kesiminin değil aynı zamanda Doğu Ege Adaları mimarisinin ve yerleşim dokusunun gelişiminin de anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. MÖ 3. Binyıl'ın başlarında Bakla Tepe ve Batı Anadolu sahil kesimi yerleşimleri güçlü savunma sistemleri ile çevrelenmiştir. Sur ile çevrile alanların kısıtlı olması, yeni yerleşim planlama sistemini ortaya çıkarmış ve sur içinde kalan tüm alanlar mümkün olan en verimli şekilde kullanılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu organizasyon şemasına uygun olarak, üretim aktiviteleri yerleşimin içinde ve dışında özel alanlarda üretilmiştir.

Pattern-based rewrite and refinement of architectures using graph theory

With the continuous growth of IT application systems, the complexity of architecture modeling and development increases. Patterns document proven solutions for recurring problems in an abstract and human readable manner. Within the domain of IT architectures, they should support the architecture modeling and development process. Due to the documentation of patterns as text documents, they cannot be applied to an architecture automatically: patterns have to be read, understood, adapted to the corresponding use case, and realized manually over and over again. Consequently, architecture modeling considering the variety of documented patterns becomes even more complex and time-consuming. To tackle these issues, we introduce an approach and for an automated application and realization of patterns in architectural graphs using graph transformation techniques. This eases the architecture modeling process in which proven solutions for recurring problems can be selected as required and applied automatically. We present the concept, formalization, and validate our approach based on an application example.

English

Cloud computing (CC) has received significant attention from different types of businesses and Industries and emerged as a new utility for businesses activities. The philosophy behind CC shows a great potential to transform a major part of the IT industry, making computing environment and resources even more attractive as a cost-effective service and changing the way IT hardware is designed and purchased. Resulting day by day more small and medium and large enterprise are adopting different types of CC services. However, strong market competitive environment for converting existing IT services to CC environment imposed different types of challenges for the CC architect. Development of CC architect environment in any organisation is a very complex process and success depends on its proper architecture design and development according to business requirements. The aim of this paper identifies the major type of key factors from literature and provides different guidelines for organisations to support the CC architecture development process. Finally, the different types of CC services generally referred to as CC architect are explained how they all work. This paper will be helpful and provides certain guidance on situations where specific types of CC services are particularly not the best option for any organization.

Study of SiO2 on Ni and Ti Silicide After Different Oxidation Techniques Investigated by XRR, SEM and Ellipsometry

Although silicide oxidation was studied 20 years ago, the interest in obtaining a robust process for new applications remains significant today. Indeed, the new architectural development process requires dense and narrow spaces. In this study, attempts were made to bury a silicide layer under a protective silica layer in order to keep the physical and electrical properties of the silicide constant after oxidation. Thus, we first tried to reproduce and study these conditions and, once acquired, aimed to decrease the oxidation temperature in order to meet industrial requirements. Titanium (Ti) and nickel (Ni) were chosen for their metallurgical interest and their integration capability in devices. Four different groups of silicide (TiSi, TiSi2, Ni2Si, NiSi) were targeted by adjusting the temperature. Then, all of the silicides, including one pure Si wafer, were oxidized using dry, wet and plasma techniques. In situ scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry and X-ray reflectivity measurements were carried out simultaneously before and after oxidation of the silicide to characterize the SiO2 and silicide morphology, thickness and density. We found that after 800 °C dry oxidation, Ti silicide was totally oxidized, which was an unexpected result. But, Ni silicide showed an agglomeration phenomenon after 500 °C and 800 °C dry oxidation. Although, after wet oxidation, it was confirmed that the highest SiO2 thickness formed, the NiSi surface roughness was higher. In the case of plasma oxidation, we obtained a thin layer (≈ 1 nm) of SiO2 on NiSi with an extremely smooth surface.

Space Quality of Two Indonesian Mosques: Architectural Style, Development Process and Environmental Condition

Mosque buildings in Indonesia show the influence of architectural styles from the Middle East and other parts of the world. Today, information technology and the development of architectural schools play important roles in mosque styles in Indonesia. This study compared two Indonesian mosques (the Cabean and Eco Pesantren mosques in Central and West Java, respectively) in different architectural styles and considered construction processes, development actions and environmental conditions (highlands and lowlands close to the coast). Architectural quality was measured in terms of thermal comfort in the mosques. Field surveys and environmental quality measurements were undertaken at both mosques, consisting of TDB°C, TWB°C, TBG°C and v m/s. The results showed differences in mosque quality in the following aspects affecting thermal comfort: (1) the size and location of ventilation openings, (2) building aspect ratio and distance to other buildings, (3) thermal mass and (4) outdoor design quality. Horizontal and vertical openings play a significant role in thermal comfort in terms of airflow, which is affected by the distance between buildings. Building materials also play an important role in thermal comfort with regard to the penetration of direct solar radiation through the roof.