Architecture Description Research Articles

Deep Learning-Assisted Repurposing of Plant Compounds for Treating Vascular Calcification: An In Silico Study with Experimental Validation.

Background Vascular calcification (VC) constitutes subclinical vascular burden and increases cardiovascular mortality. Effective therapeutics for VC remains to be procured. We aimed to use a deep learning-based strategy to screen and uncover plant compounds that potentially can be repurposed for managing VC. Methods We integrated drugome, interactome, and diseasome information from Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD), DrugBank, PubChem, Gene Ontology (GO), and BioGrid to analyze drug-disease associations. A deep representation learning was done using a high-level description of the local network architecture and features of the entities, followed by learning the global embeddings of nodes derived from a heterogeneous network using the graph neural network architecture and a random forest classifier established for prediction. Predicted results were tested in an in vitro VC model for validity based on the probability scores. Results We collected 6,790 compounds with available Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) data, 11,958 GO terms, 7,238 diseases, and 25,482 proteins, followed by local embedding vectors using an end-to-end transformer network and a node2vec algorithm and global embedding vectors learned from heterogeneous network via the graph neural network. Our algorithm conferred a good distinction between potential compounds, presenting as higher prediction scores for the compound categories with a higher potential but lower scores for other categories. Probability score-dependent selection revealed that antioxidants such as sulforaphane and daidzein were potentially effective compounds against VC, while catechin had low probability. All three compounds were validated in vitro. Conclusions Our findings exemplify the utility of deep learning in identifying promising VC-treating plant compounds. Our model can be a quick and comprehensive computational screening tool to assist in the early drug discovery process.

Kinematic and Stiffness Modeling of a Novel 3-DOF RPU+UPU+SPU Parallel Manipulator

A novel 3-degrees of freedom (DOF) <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RPU+UPU+SPU</i> parallel manipulator (PM) is proposed in this study, and its complete kinematics and stiffness are studied systematically. First, the architecture description is discussed, and the inverse and the forward positional posture analysis are studied based on the constraints in the PM. Second, the Jacobian matrix, the velocity model, the Hessian matrix and the acceleration model are derived in explicit and compact forms. Third, based on the virtual work principle, the static model and the deformation decompose method, the stiffness model is built. Meanwhile, the stiffness matrix and the compliance matrix are obtained. Finally, the correctness of the models built in this study are verified by simulative PMs. This study is expected to provide new ideas for the design of PM machine tools.

Quantitative Analysis of Actin Cable Length in Yeast.

Polarized actin cables in S. cerevisiae are linear bundles of crosslinked actin filaments that are assembled by two formins, Bnr1 (localized to the bud neck), and Bni1 (localized to the bud tip). Actin is polymerized at these two sites, which results in cables extending along the cell cortex toward the back of the mother cell. These cables serve as polarized tracks for myosin-based transport of secretory vesicles and other cargo, from the mother cell to the growing daughter cell. Until recently, descriptions of actin cable morphology and architecture have largely been qualitative or descriptive in nature. Here, we introduce a new quantitative method that enables more precise characterization of actin cable length. This technological advance generates quantitative datasets that can be used to determine the contributions of different actin regulatory proteins to the maintenance of cable architecture, and to assess how different pharmacological agents affect cable arrays. Additionally, these datasets can be used to test theoretical models, and be compared to results from computational simulations of actin assembly. Graphical abstract: Illustration of actin cable length and morphology analysis. (A) Representative maximum intensity projection image of S. cerevisiae fixed and stained with fluorescently-conjugated phalloidin to label F-actin (displayed in color), and fluorescently-conjugated Concanavalin A to label the cell wall (displayed in grey scale). Lengths of actin cables traced from the bud neck to their ends are indicated (dashed lines). (B) Inverted grey scale image of F-actin labelled with fluorescently-conjugated phalloidin and the cell wall traced in black. The length (purple) and end-to-end distance (green) of a single actin cable is indicated. Scale bar, 2 µm. (C-E) Actin cable length (C), end-to-end distance (D), and tortuosity (E) from hypothetical datasets, where each data point represents an individual cable and larger symbols represent the mean from each hypothetical experiment. Error bars, 95% confidence intervals.

An AI-Based Curling Game System for Winter Olympics.

The real-time application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in sports is a long-standing challenge owing to large spatial sports field, complexity, and uncertainty of real-world environment, etc. Although some AI-based systems have been applied to sporting events such as tennis, basketball, and football, they are replayed after the game rather than applied in real time. Here, we present an AI-based curling game system, termed CurlingHunter, which can display actual trajectories, predicted trajectories, and house regions of curling during the games via a giant screen in curling stadiums and a live streaming media platform on the internet in real time, so as to assist the game, improve the interest of watching game, help athletes train, etc. We provide a complete description of CurlingHunter' architecture and a thorough evaluation of its performances and demonstrate that CurlingHunter possesses remarkable real-time performance (~9.005 ms), high accuracy (30 ± 3 cm under measurement distance > 20 m), and good stability. CurlingHunter is the first, to the best of our knowledge, real-time system that can assist athletes to compete during the games in the history of sports and has been successfully applied in Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics. Our work highlights the potential of AI-based systems for real-time applications in sports.

« […] one of the most perfect pieces of Architecture in Europ, emulating even some of the greatest now at Rome it selfe. » : perception et description de l’architecture française et italienne dans le journal de voyage de John Evelyn

Cet article examine les déplacements et les notes de voyage de l’auteur anglais John Evelyn, qui avait entrepris au milieu du xviie siècle une longue tournée à travers l’Europe continentale et documenté rétrospectivement ses impressions dans un journal appelé Diary. Notre analyse se concentre sur les descriptions des édifices qu’Evelyn a visités lors de ses séjours à Paris et à Rome. Les passages descriptifs du texte sont évalués de manière comparative en tenant compte des procédés descriptifs de l’auteur et de sa compréhension de l’architecture. La question première est de savoir quels édifices Evelyn a vus à Paris et à Rome et comment il juge ce qu’il a vu. Les jugements formulés dans le Diary seront mis en relation avec les écrits ultérieurs d’Evelyn sur l’architecture afin de déterminer (1°) si John Evelyn a pu acquérir, à partir de ses impressions de voyage, des connaissances en matière d’architecture et d’urbanisme et (2°) si ces connaissances ont pu nourrir ses réflexions ultérieures sur l’architecture et lui forger une opinion indépendante.

The Music of Christendom: A History by Susan Treacy

Reviewed by: The Music of Christendom: A History by Susan Treacy Alexis K. Kutarna Susan Treacy The Music of Christendom: A History Greenwood Village, CO: Augustine Institute / San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2021 235 pages. Paperback. $16.95. In this compelling history of music, Susan Treacy weaves together a story of faith and the Western tradition of classical music, following major figures and their works as signposts along the way. Every college music history student is familiar with the standard texts which divide Western music into a timeline, covering the major periods, and a survey of music. Even the standard music appreciation texts follow this same format. Uniquely crafted as a story, in a concise paperback, Treacy writes a captivating tale of historical events and the lives of composers. Her narrative provides an accessible entry point for the non-musician to discover the spiritual orientation of music from a Catholic approach, even in secular genres of music. The Music of Christendom consists of 28 chapters focusing on a wide variety of music in the Western tradition. As any serious study of Western music begins, the first section introduces ancient Greek philosophy of music. Even Greek philosophy is influential over the development of music in the West, although the name [End Page 98] Pythagoras may seem surprising for the casual reader to discover in a musical context (6). Pythagorean ideals of music in the cosmos and the harmony of the soul are essential to understanding the influence of music on the moral life, as found for instance in Plato's Timaeus (8). Treacy highlights the importance of Boethius' contribution to the corpus of philosophical writings about music in his instruction, De institutione musica (10). The bold statement that "Gregorian chant is the foundation of all Western music" (13) is strongly supported in the following sections of her work. After an overview of the place of chant in the liturgy, Treacy provides several examples for the reader's listening guide. In fact, several Gregorian chants make it on to her "top 100" list, to be found at the back of the book. Moving through the story of Hildegard to early polyphony, she also makes note of the development of secular song and its relationship to the story of Christendom. Her tales take us through architectural descriptions of Notre-Dame de Paris, the heroic life of Joan of Arc, to Josquin des Prez; all referring back to the liturgical chant in the Church in the West. One strength (among many!) of Treacy's work is how she intertwines the lives of composers as they influence each other: Palestrina would have likely known Victoria, and perhaps even taught him (66). Treacy's commentary extends beyond a list of compositions and simple biographical details, for example exploring the influence of Victoria not only in Spain but teaching music to German seminarians and the spread of his music to Mexico (66-67). She manages to move seamlessly yet efficiently around the globe, and from one composer to another, without the narrative becoming disjunct or cumbersome. The book treats all of the major composers from Vivaldi to Bach to Mozart, Beethoven, and Brahms. While avoiding becoming bogged down with too much detail, Treacy chooses those moments of interest wisely. For instance, she shares that the fifth movement of Mahler's Resurrection Symphony, while based on a Christian hymn about the resurrection of the body, omits the remaining stanzas and the word "Hallelujah," opting instead to [End Page 99] insert his own ecstatic poetry, which in the end completely ignores the Christian teaching on final judgment (171). I found the final sections to contain delightful references to pieces from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including some unexpected inclusions. In 1900, Edward Elgar composed a lengthy setting of John Henry Newman's meditative poem The Dream of Gerontius, which Treacy describes in compelling detail (198-201). There is also a section with the music of Gershwin and Copland—two composers that would not necessarily be on a list of specifically Catholic works but, as she writes, even Porgy and Bess contains Catholic influences (230). Finally, she spends the last pages on the work of, among others, Scottish composer James...

Supporting Intelligence in Disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks: Architectural Principles, AI/ML Workflow, and Use Cases

Driven by the emerging trend for transparent, open and programmable communications, Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) constitutes the dominant architectural approach for deploying the future wireless networks. Towards standardizing and specifying the building blocks and principles of O-RAN, a coordinated global effort has been observed, mainly comprised of the O-RAN Alliance, the operators and several research activities. This paper presents the architectural aspects and the current status of O-RAN deployments, integrating both existing and ongoing activities from the O-RAN enablers. Furthermore, since the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) act as key pillars for realizing O-RANs, a comprehensive view on the AI/ML functionality is provided as well. Additionally, a Network Telemetry (NT) architecture is also proposed to ensure end-to-end data collection and real-time analytics. To concretely illustrate the O-RAN supporting mechanisms for hosting AI/ML, we implemented two realistic ML algorithms: (i) a Supervised Learning (SL) based algorithm for cell traffic prediction using the training data of an open dataset and (ii) a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based algorithm for energy-efficiency maximization using a 5G-compliant simulator to obtain RAN measurements. We schematically demonstrate the AI/ML workflow for both ML-assisted algorithms through the usage of xApps running on the Radio Intelligent Controller (RIC), as well as we outline the role of the O-RAN components involved in the AI/ML loop. Combining the high-level architectural descriptions with a detailed presentation of ML-empowered resource allocation schemes, the paper discusses and summarizes the O-RAN disaggregation principles and the role of AI/ML embedded in future O-RAN deployments.

Application of systems engineering to design the architecture of an enterprise of wind turbines inspection

The use of systems engineering techniques is presented in this work to design the architecture of an enterprise of wind turbines inspection. The motivation for this research is the possibility to acquire detailed data in order to make one improved technical and financial feasibility analysis. This way, it is considered that there will be lower risks and higher return of investment. The use of systems engineering included the problem definition, requirements specification, requirements validation, and definition of physical and logical architecture descriptions. All this information offered more data to perform more detailed calculus of investment needed to create this enterprise, and the price of the offered service.

A platform for land use and land cover data integration and trajectory analysis

Information on land use and land cover (LULC) is essential to support governments in making decisions about the impact of human activities on the environment, planning the use of natural resources, conserving biodiversity, and monitoring climate change. Nowadays, different initiatives systematically produce information on LULC dynamics, on global, national, and regional scales. Examples of open and global LULC data products are Global Land-cover Classification with a Fine Classification System, Copernicus Global Land Service, and Global Land Cover by European Space Agency (ESA). At the national and regional level in Brazil, we can cite the data sets produced by PRODES, TerraClass, MapBiomas, and IBGE. Although these initiatives provide rich collections of open LULC maps, there is still a gap in tools that facilitate the integration of these data sets. The integrated analysis of these collections requires considerable effort by researchers who have to download, organize and harmonize them in their local computers, facing with different spatiotemporal resolutions and classification systems containing distinct class numbers, names and meanings. Besides that, these collections are distributed in different data formats through files or web services. To minimize these efforts, we propose a platform that allows users to access LULC collections from distinct sources, map their distinct classification systems, and retrieve LULC trajectories associated with spatial locations by integrating these collections. Besides the platform architecture description, this paper presents a case study that demonstrates its use in the integration and analysis.

Methodology for managing the flows of target information in the remote sensing space system. Part 3. Application results

The article focuses on the practical implementation of the proposed methodology for managing target information flows in the Earth remote sensing (ERS) space system. Proposed is the description of architecture and order of application of software-mathematical models of the complex, which implements the previously presented model of the arrangement of target information flows and provides the possibility of determining composition and characteristics of the system, that includes satellite, ground receiving complexes and communication channels there between, generation of scenarios of operation with ERS data, generation of input information flows, calculation of the distribution of target information from various types of ERS satellite by components of the ERS space system, visualization of calculation results and preservation of the obtained results. This makes it possible to optimize the distribution of information processing processes according to customer requests, using both scalar and vector criteria, automate the formation of a plan for the distribution of customer requests processing among system nodes, assess the current state of infrastructure in terms of the capabilities of processing customer requests and identify possible problems in the future.

Розробка архітектури комп′ютера "Київ" за концепцією адресного методу програмування

The article is devoted to the history of the origin of high-level programming in Ukraine. The transition from calculations by arithmometers and logarithmic rulers to solving problems on the computer "Kyiv" using pointers and tree-like formats (abstract data types are analogous) is described. The factors that contributed to this transition include: the experience of providing instructions for calculations by arithmometers, and the experience of programming on MESM. As a result a computer "Kyiv" has been developed with a hardware-implemented possibility of high-level programming, invention of the Addressed Programming Language with indirect addressing (pointers), tree formats and declarative capabilities. Hardware-realized demining of pointers in the computer "Kyiv" is one of the outstanding inventions of Ukrainian engineers and mathematicians at the initial stage of the information technologies development. At that time it was significantly ahead of the world technologies. Programming in computer "Kyiv", unlike Plankalkül, could identify and process complex structures. The paper describes the individual applications of the Address Programming Language, which was implemented on many Soviet-made computers and has been used by programmers for more than 20 years. Due to the so-called "Iron Curtain", scientists in the field of programming outside the post-socialist world still do not know about the invention of pointers by Kiev scientists. A textbook describing the Addressed Programming Language was translated into many languages. A monograph with a description of the computer architecture "Kyiv" and of the Addressed Programming Language was translated into English and published in the United States in 1966.

Semantic Enterprise Architecture Oriented Test Case Generation for Business process

Background and Objectives: The area of enterprise architecture encompasses various domains, the most complicated of which concerns developing an enterprise business architecture. Although many state-of-the-art enterprise architecture frameworks describe the architecture by abstract levels, they still fail to provide accurate syntactic and semantic descriptions. Several previous conducted studies were looking for different objectives elaborated on modeling enterprise architectures. However, none of those studies tried to develop a modeling that generates test cases which would later be used for validation and/or verification. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is generating a set of test cases based on the descriptions yielded from enterprise business processes in early steps; then, the amount of later reviews and changes can be significantly lessened.Methods: Following the objective of accurate validation and/or verification of the enterprise business processes within an enterprise's architecture development, this paper proposes a new method based on the enterprise architecture design. Throughout the iterative cycle of the proposed method, initially, the enterprise goals will be extracted based on the TOGAF framework. Afterwards, it will be subjected to syntactical modeling based on the Archimate language. Then, semantics will be added to the syntactic model of the enterprise business processes based on the WSMO framework and formalize manually to B language by using defined transition rule. Therefore, in order to discover test cases, a set of test coverage will be tested on the formal model. Results: The proposed method has been implemented in the marketing and sales department of a petrochemical corporation, where the results show the validity and also the effectiveness of the method. Based on the implementation of our method on the selected case study, the details of the business process have been defined based on an enterprise level, the level of abstraction is decreased by syntactic and semantic modeling of enterprise architecture description, the formal descriptions created using the proposed transition rules for sampling.Conclusion: The proposed method starts from the goals of enterprises; therefore, the output samples are efficiently precise. By adding semantics to the syntactic models of enterprise architecture, the degree of abstraction has been decreased. By creating a formal model, the model can be subjected to sampling. For future work, it is suggested to use the proposed method for the automatic generation of codes.

DataProVe: Fully Automated Conformance Verification Between Data Protection Policies and System Architectures

Abstract Privacy and data protection by design are relevant parts of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in which businesses and organisations are encouraged to implement measures at an early stage of the system design phase to fulfil data protection requirements. This paper addresses the policy and system architecture design and propose two variants of privacy policy language and architecture description language, respectively, for specifying and verifying data protection and privacy requirements. In addition, we develop a fully automated algorithm based on logic, for verifying three types of conformance relations (privacy, data protection, and functional conformance) between a policy and an architecture specified in our languages’ variants. Compared to related works, this approach supports a more systematic and fine-grained analysis of the privacy, data protection, and functional properties of a system. Our theoretical methods are then implemented as a software tool called DataProVe and its feasibility is demonstrated based on the centralised and decentralised approaches of COVID-19 contact tracing applications.

Hybrid polymeric micelles stabilized by gallium ions: Structural investigation

The addition of gallium ions to a solution of a double-hydrophilic block copolymer, i.e. poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(acrylic acid), leads to the spontaneous formation of highly monodisperse micelles with a Hybrid PolyIon Complexes (HPICs) core. By combining several techniques, a precise description of the HPIC architecture was achieved. In particular and for the first time, NMR and anomalous small angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) enable tracking of the inorganic ions in solution and highlighting the co-localization of the gallium and the poly(acrylic acid) blocks in a rigid structure at the core of the micelle. Such a core has a radius of ca 4.3 nm while the complete nano-object with its poly(ethylene oxide) shell has a total radius of ca 11 nm. The aggregation number was also estimated using the ASAXS results. This comprehensive structural characterization of the Ga HPICs corroborates the assumptions made for HPICs based on other inorganic ions and demonstrates the universality of the HPIC structure leading, for example, to new families of contrast agents in medical imaging.

The tectono-stratigraphic and magmatic evolution of conjugate rifted margins: Insights from the NW South China Sea

This study is based on a careful analysis of high-quality reflection seismic sections located at the tip of the NW South China Sea V-shaped rift basin. Using the CGN-1 section, a seismic line imaging the complete sedimentary and magmatic architecture of conjugate rifted margins, we: (1) provide a detailed description of the crustal architecture; (2) define extensional domains, which we relate to specific deformation phases; and (3) determine the tectono-stratigraphic evolution linked to rifting. Based on these, we propose a kinematic restoration and quantify the amounts of extension and associated strain rates. We discuss the link between the kinematic evolution and the sedimentary and magmatic record and illustrate it in a Wheeler Diagram. Relying on the identification and characterization of distinct stratal patterns and crustal architectures, we propose qualitative and quantitative criteria to interpret two critical rift events that are necking and hyperextension. These two events are linked to the individualization and subsequent dismembering of a so-called keystone, here referred to as H-block. It is the first time such an approach is used to decipher the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of a complete syn-rift mega-sequence across present-day conjugate rifted margins. This study differs from previous interpretations of correlative surfaces in the distinction between: (1) different types of top basement; and (2) syn- and post-tectonic packages within the syn-rift record. It leads to new interpretations of the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the NW South China Sea and has the potential to be used as a new approach to analyze, quantify and correlate events recorded in seismic sections across rifted margins.

Cellular anatomy of the mouse primary motor cortex

An essential step toward understanding brain function is to establish a structural framework with cellular resolution on which multi-scale datasets spanning molecules, cells, circuits and systems can be integrated and interpreted1. Here, as part of the collaborative Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we derive a comprehensive cell type-based anatomical description of one exemplar brain structure, the mouse primary motor cortex, upper limb area (MOp-ul). Using genetic and viral labelling, barcoded anatomy resolved by sequencing, single-neuron reconstruction, whole-brain imaging and cloud-based neuroinformatics tools, we delineated the MOp-ul in 3D and refined its sublaminar organization. We defined around two dozen projection neuron types in the MOp-ul and derived an input–output wiring diagram, which will facilitate future analyses of motor control circuitry across molecular, cellular and system levels. This work provides a roadmap towards a comprehensive cellular-resolution description of mammalian brain architecture.

Genomic Informed Breeding Strategies for Strawberry Yield and Fruit Quality Traits

Over the last two centuries, breeders have drastically modified the fruit quality of strawberries through artificial selection. However, there remains significant variation in quality across germplasm with scope for further improvements to be made. We reported extensive phenotyping of fruit quality and yield traits in a multi-parental strawberry population to allow genomic prediction and quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) identification, thereby enabling the description of genetic architecture to inform the efficacy of implementing advanced breeding strategies. A negative relationship (r = −0.21) between total soluble sugar content and class one yield was identified, indicating a trade-off between these two essential traits. This result highlighted an established dilemma for strawberry breeders and a need to uncouple the relationship, particularly under June-bearing, protected production systems comparable to this study. A large effect of quantitative trait nucleotide was associated with perceived acidity and pH whereas multiple loci were associated with firmness. Therefore, we recommended the implementation of both marker assisted selection (MAS) and genomic prediction to capture the observed variation respectively. Furthermore, we identified a large effect locus associated with a 10% increase in the number of class one fruit and a further 10 QTN which, when combined, are associated with a 27% increase in the number of marketable strawberries. Ultimately, our results suggested that the best method to improve strawberry yield is through selecting parental lines based upon the number of marketable fruits produced per plant. Not only were strawberry number metrics less influenced by environmental fluctuations, but they had a larger additive genetic component when compared with mass traits. As such, selecting using “number” traits should lead to faster genetic gain.

The Application of Network Functions Virtualization on Different Networks, and its New Applications in Blockchain: A Survey

Operators of networks are striving to provide functional network-based services, while keeping the cost of deploying the service to a minimum. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is considered to be a promising model to modify such employment by separating network functions from the basic hardware properties, after which they are converted into the style of software. These are eventually referred to as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). This separation offers numerous benefits, including the decrease of Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operation Expense (OPEX), in addition to the enhanced elasticity of service preparation. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is found to cause a remarkable development or even a technological revolution in terms of network-based services, leading to a decrease in deployment costs for network operators. NFV reduces hardware tool costs and energy exhaustion, and it improves its operational performance whereby the network configuration is part of this optimization. Even so, there are a number of possible security problems which are the main focus in NFV. The present study surveys the applications and opportunities of NFV in terms of IoT, SDN, cloud computing and blockchain. A description of the NFV architecture is presented, and several possibilities of NFV security issues and challenges are discussed. Finally, a systematic idea is provided on the design of a Blockchain Network Virtualization System.

To automatically map source code entities to architectural modules with Naive Bayes

Background:The process of mapping a source code entity onto an architectural module is to a large degree a manual task. Automating this process could increase the use of static architecture conformance checking methods, such as reflexion modeling, in industry. Current techniques rely on user parameterization and a highly cohesive design. A machine learning approach would potentially require less parameters and better use of the available information to aid in automatic mapping. Aim:We investigate how a classifier can be trained to map from source code to architecture modules automatically. This classifier is trained with semantic and syntactic dependency information extracted from the source code and from architecture descriptions. The classifier is implemented using multinomial naive Bayes and evaluated. Method:We perform experiments and compare the classifier with three state-of-the-art mapping functions in eight open-source Java systems with known ground-truth-mappings. Results:We find that the classifier outperforms the state-of-the-art in all cases and that it provides a useful baseline for further research in the area of semi-automatic incremental clustering. Conclusions:We conclude that machine learning is a useful approach that performs better and with less need for parameterization compared to other approaches. Future work includes investigating problematic mappings and a more diverse set of subject systems.

MontiThings: Model-Driven Development and Deployment of Reliable IoT Applications

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are exposed to harsh conditions due to factors such as device failure, network problems, or implausible sensor values. We investigate how the inherent encapsulation of component and connector (C&C) architectures can be used to develop and deploy reliable IoT applications. Existing C&C languages for the development of IoT applications mainly focus on the description of architectures and the distribution of components to IoT devices. Furthermore, related approaches often pollute the models with low-level implementation details, tying the models to a particular platform and making them harder to understand. In this paper, we introduce MontiThings, a C&C language offering automatic error handling capabilities and a clear separation between business logic and implementation details. The error-handling methods presented in this paper can make C&C-based IoT applications more reliable without cluttering the business logic with error-handling code that is time-consuming to develop and makes the models hard to understand, especially for non-experts.