Architecture Research Articles

ANALISIS PENJADWALAN WAKTU MENGGUNAKAN METODE CPM DAN PERT PADA PEMBANGUNAN GUDANG DEXA MEDICA PALEMBANG

The project is a series of sensitive work mechanisms because each aspect of the project is interconnected with each other. The purpose of this research is to determine the planned duration, critical path activities, and probability in the implementation of the Dexa Medica warehouse construction project in Palembang. Primary data used for estimation of work time, while secondary data used time schedules (S-curve) and work plan drawings. The methods used are the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). The planned project completion duration using the CPM calculation method is 39 weeks. The activities known to be on the critical path are preparation, earthworks and others on the 1st floor, concrete work on the 1st floor, architectural work on the 1st floor, site development, and genset room work. The planned project completion duration using the PERT calculation method is 40.2 weeks. The probability (Probabiliti) with the PERT method is found to be 0.7324, meaning that there is a 73.24% probability that the project will be completed within 41 weeks.

Uncertain Waters: Beyond a Metropolitan Sublime

The demise of the World Trade Towers grotesquely inflated the sublime! Edmund Burke’s inclusion of fear and awe as elements of aesthetics has come to dominate representational canons, but the extreme effect of the 9/11 attacks rendered the concept intolerable while subsequent architectural work seems to have reacted with the proliferation of extreme and often unsettling contortions, vertiginous cantilevers and unbalanced profiles! Standing for the machinations of the previous millennium, upon their extirpation these minimal monoliths became the most potent auspices for the next. Before falling they were extraordinarily blank formally while provoking sectarian rage toward the institutions they stood for - New York, the U.S. and multinational commerce. An improbable history of the violent demise of his buildings plagued their designer as well! Collapse made them true monuments in the funereal sense of the word and profoundly significant as the globe drifts toward dystopia, advantaging plutocracy and distilling resentment in many cultures.

Characterization and Analysis of the Mortars of the Church of San Francisco of Quito (Ecuador)

The relevance of the Franciscan community is reflected in the San Francisco church in Quito, which was built between 1535 and 1755. This architectural work belonging to the Franciscan complex was implanted on a plot of land with an area of 3.5 hectares and was one of the first buildings in the Audience of Quito. Eleven mortar samples that covered the walls of the central nave and side chapels were taken from the church’s main temple. The procedure proposed by the authors is based on a combined methodology following the standards and protocols for the less-invasive extraction of heritage samples. Tests included X-ray diffraction, petrography, and scanning electron microscopy with a microanalysis of the samples. Mortars with a rustic composition and rough manufacturing were identified to differentiate two types of mortar, one of earthen with volcanic aggregates and another of lime with volcanic aggregates. The mining data validated the existing historical documentation, the imaginary process, and the stages of the established constructions.

Pendampingan Masyarakat dalam Perencanaan Penataan Permukiman Kumuh di Kampung Pedak Baru, Bantul

Architectural works of poor communities in informal settlements are often recoqnized as Marginalized Architecture, because indeed the people who create the Architecture is in these settlements are people who are marginalized by the social strata of urban society. They develop the house according to their needs and abilities. Methods of development, planning and design as well as the use of building materials are often very suitable for the needs of the local community, the local climate and even according to their daily income. In SDGs 2030 it is hoped that the settlements of these marginal communities can be eliminated. One of the marginal settlements in Bantul Regency is located in Kampung Pedak Baru, Bangun Tapan Village. The situation of marginal settlements developed on the banks of the Gajahwong river needs to be developed. Through community assistance conducted by lecturers from Duta Wacana Christian University, community-based slum settlement planning was carried out. With a totally participatory planning model, this community service program can be implemented well together with the team KOTAKU program supported by the Bantul Regency regional government. As a result of the total participatory model in planning slum development, the people of Kampung Pedak Baru are satisfied because they were involved in the planning process. Apart from that, currently the Bantul Regency Government is still negotiating with the Central Government to finance the implementation of the slum area development plan in Kampung Pedak Baru. Architectural works of poor communities in informal settlements are often recoqnized as Marginalized Architecture, because indeed the people who create the Architecture is in these settlements are people who are marginalized by the social strata of urban society. They develop the house according to their needs and abilities. Methods of development, planning and design as well as the use of building materials are often very suitable for the needs of the local community, the local climate and even according to their daily income. In SDGs 2030 it is hoped that the settlements of these marginal communities can be eliminated. One of the marginal settlements in Bantul Regency is located in Kampung Pedak Baru, Bangun Tapan Village. The situation of marginal settlements developed on the banks of the Gajahwong river needs to be developed. Through community assistance conducted by lecturers from Duta Wacana Christian University, community-based slum settlement planning was carried out. With a totally participatory planning model, this community service program can be implemented well together with the team KOTAKU program supported by the Bantul Regency regional government. As a result of the total participatory model in planning slum development, the people of Kampung Pedak Baru are satisfied because they were involved in the planning process. Apart from that, currently the Bantul Regency Government is still negotiating with the Central Government to finance the implementation of the slum area development plan in Kampung Pedak Baru.

Wang Shu’s promenade of strolling in shan-shui and its dialogue with Le Corbusier’s concept

ABSTRACT The architectural promenade, developed by Le Corbusier, is also a significant design concept in the contemporary architectural works of Wang Shu. This paper focused on Wang Shu’s and Le Corbusier’s promenade concepts aiming to illustrate how Wang’s promenade of strolling in Shan-shui establishes a cross-cultural dialogue with Le Corbusier’s theory. These two promenade approaches appear to have emerged from distinct historical and cultural contexts, with Le Corbusier’s approach rooted in Western modernism and Wang’s approach reflecting the aesthetics of traditional Chinese landscape painting. Seemingly unrelated, a thorough case analysis of Le Corbusier’s Villa La Roche and Wang’s Ningbo Tengtou Pavilion unveiled commonalities in creating picturesque spaces and spatial movement. Furthermore, both promenade approaches trigger discussions on architecture. Whereas Le Corbusier’s architectural promenade facilitated the creation of “new” architecture, Wang was inspired by Le Corbusier’s way of thinking, but aimed to “rebuild a kind of Chinese vernacular architecture” in response to the status quo of China’s urban architectural development. Wang Shu’s promenade opens a spectrum between traditional landscape painting and Le Corbusier’s ideas, showcasing a fusion of influences and inspirations from diverse cultural contexts, while also contributing to an understanding of the integration of Eastern and Western architecture in contemporary discourse.

PRE-MODERN ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY

This research was created to examine the historical development of architecture before the 18th century which was the beginning of the development of modern architecture (18th century-now) in Europe, America and Asia. This study was made to find out the character of the building and what parameters were often considered by architects of that time to produce a design that was realistic, phenomenal and acceptable to many people. This study uses an objective perception assessment by conducting a literature study from several books and electronic media to investigate the architect's perception of thinking, and what factors are behind the presence of this architectural work. This research also tries to look for similarities, differences and connections that may exist from each period before pre-modern, especially to look at approach models in the context of architectural styles, building functions, values, material selection, utility and established structural systems. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as mapping material to determine the character of space, form, facade and values used by pre-modern architects in knitting independent themes into one phenomenal formulation of ideas. The results of this study show that the architectural context parameters used in designing buildings in the pre-modern era used different approaches and were heavily influenced by political conditions of power, religious sentiments and beliefs, sectoral and individual egoism and natural and geographical characteristics.

ARCHITECT YO MING PEI. THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE OF MUSEUM BUILDINGS

Famous Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei was born in Guangdong, China in 1917.He traveled to the United States in 1935. Initially educated at the University of Pennsylvania, he continued his studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Bachelor of Architecture in 1940) and Harvard Graduate School of Design (Master of Architecture in 1946). I.M. Pei is widely praised for his bold design and clear geometric forms in his project. His career spanned 60 years and left many outstanding architectural works. I.M. Pei, revered as "the consummate master of modern architecture," his architectural philosophy was deeply influenced by modern art. During that era, New York City was known as the center of modern art. Among them, abstract expressionism, conceptualism and minimalism were on full display here. Many famous artists held grand exhibitions here and established their own studios. I.M. Pei spent most of his life in this place. When American modern art reached its peak in New York, many architects decided to use primitive forms to convey a concise and powerful artistic language, which also became their iconic design style. I.M. Pei's design philosophy is global. He emphasized: "In the architectural design process, there are three key aspects that require special attention: the first is the integration of the building with its environment; the second is how to handle space and form; and finally, from the user's point of view, to correctly solve functional problems. In this paper, the study analyzes the structural features of 12 architectural spaces of art museums designed by I.M. Pei in the context of the time line. It compares the similarities and differences in the spatial structure of the architecture of art museums built in the same time period as well as between different historical eras. The study focuses on analyzing the form and content of space and draws on the theoretical framework of contemporary architecture, namely the concepts of space within modernism. As a result of the analysis, two key characteristics of Pei's architecture are highlighted: sculptural and geometric.

Chiang Mai Workshop in Traditional Architecture and Urbanism

This workshop was initiated by the Thai architects Ong-ard Satrabhandhu and Purisa Nimmanahaeminda and brought together some 30 students from Bangkok's Chulalongkorn University with their professors Pirast Pacharaswate and Sayanee Virochrut. A three-day workshop, with an educational charrette on traditional architecture and urbanism, was led by Professor Lucien Steil from the University of Notre Dame. Besides investigating and practicing the toolkit of the legendary Beaux-Arts pedagogy, consisting of in-situ urban and architectural sketching, observational and gesture drawings, the use of analytique, the production of an esquisse, etc., the participants learned about capriccio drawings as well as experimenting with pastel and charcoal on tone paper. The workshop offered a comprehensive immersion into the work of Ong-ard Architects, the oeuvre of which was the background and inspiration for a rewarding didactic adventure.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМОТВОРЕННЯ ХРАМОВИХ БУДІВЕЛЬ В ПУБЛІКАЦІЯХ ТА ПЕРІОДИЦІ (суть, значення та проблеми предмету дослідження)

The article analyzes studies and publications on the subject of church architecture, which focus on the planning, volume-spatial features, traditions of the formation and development of wooden and stone church architecture, as well as light, color, material, compositional techniques, and symbolism in the formative vision of the development of Ukrainian church building. Therefore, the problems of the relationship between function and form, architectural form and technique, the problem of the image and the means of its realization, which the architectural form provides, remain relevant to this day. The integral form of an architectural work expresses the peculiarities of its organization and the way it exists in the context of the environment and culture. The form acts as a material embodiment of essential information for the practical activity and spiritual life of people, and as a carrier of aesthetic value and ideological and artistic content of architectural works. Forms are used as a means of communication and expression of relationships between people, and in the case of sacred, temple buildings, as a relationship between people and the Creator. The subordination of the form to certain trends in style creation makes it possible to personally feel the connection of one's object-spatial environment with a wide range of environment and culture. All of this connects the problems of form and form-making with the broadest intentions of reproducing society. Tectonics is also defined as the organization of an expedient and at the same time expressive constructive structure, which is included in the list of means of forming an image. The subject of tectonics is the morphology of a structure that turns into a means of expression. And the ways of expanding this concept at the expense of the regularities of space organization leads to the fact that tectonics loses the specificity of content and is practically superimposed on such a concept as composition. The tectonicity of an architectural form is determined by the use of structural properties as a means of expression, but not the expression of the structural structure itself. The construction as such is a means of realizing the function of architecture, at the same time the function of expressiveness, but not the content that the architectural image should reveal. Therefore, a work of architecture embodies a certain image, an image that contains socially significant content, as a necessary part of its function. But the image also serves as a necessary tool to give the architectural work integrity to an organized, harmonious form. The organization of space and its structuring determine the fundamental basis of architectural composition at any level of environmental systems. The article considers the architecture of the space of church buildings as a category of form that creates a tectonic and volumetric-planning structure in church building. The article shows the peculiarities of forming in the architecture of church buildings and the compositional structure, which is determined through mass, space and surface and through such creative components as idea-form-function-value-sign (symbol).

Exploring the hidden geometry in the physical of sacred buildings of Iran in the Zandiyeh Era (case study: Vakil Mosque)

ABSTRACT Geometry is one of the most important foundations of Iranian art and architecture, which can be seen in the magnificent buildings left from the past that are important in architecture. One of the most important buildings of Iran from the Zandiyeh Era (250 years ago) is Vakil Mosque, which is located in Shiraz. Vakil Mosque is a sacred and Islamic building in Iran, which is the aim of this article to investigate and find geometry in the architectural body of this building. In the current research, descriptive-analytical methods were used to collect data. Then I studied the geometrical drawings of this mosque, which some of the most important books of Muslim scholars in this field have been studied to obtain the geometry of the plan and elevations of Vakil Mosque, and after many tests and finding acceptable answers, options were proposed as the physical geometry of this sacred building. Finally, I came to the conclusion that the architect or architects of this magnificent building have used their utmost efforts in designing its physical to create golden proportions and regular geometry on it, and this order and geometry is the reason for the glory and strength of this building. The findings of this article can be used along with other similar studies to recognize Iran’s architectural works and restore its original Islamic-Iranian identity.

Architecture in Postreality: Emerging Approaches to Space in Hybrid Realities

AbstractFor decades, the realm within which architects work was limited to its realworld materiality and ideas of industrialised modernism. This straitjacketed prescription has recently been challenged by the advent of the virtual, through technologies that have blown the profession wide open to new and highly dexterous spatial opportunities that question the old adages that sustained many generations of architects. Curator and writer Jesse Damiani reveals some of the ramifications for design.

The Architectural-Urbanistic Evolution of Cahul City from the 20th Century to the Beginning of the 21st Century

The 20th century meant for the city of Cahul the continuation of the urbanization process started in the 19th century. In the first two decades of that century, buildings intended for maritime transport, residential buildings, cultural institutions, edifices with an industrial profile, etc. appeared. During the interwar period, several factories and banks operated in the city, education was represented by two high schools, two gymnasiums and eight primary schools. Among the cultural institutions, there was a cinema, two dormitories of the “Prince Carol” Royal Foundation, the Cultural League, etc. Some buildings were of modernist or neoclassical inspiration, and others had qualities of constructivist architecture. After the Second World War, several architectural and urban planning works were undertaken in Cahul. In 1947, the plan sketch of the city was made (architect V. Smirnov). At the “Molghiprostroi” Institute in Chișinău, some series of urban planning documents were developed that determined the subsequent systematization of the city of Cahul. The architecture of the new buildings built during the Soviet period was tributary to socialist modernism. In 2012, the specialists of the “Urbanproiect” Institute completed the elaboration of the general urban plan of the city of Cahul (architects Iu. Povar, V. Bocacev). In recent years, interesting buildings with two or more levels have appeared in the city, both residential ones and those of public interest. Their architecture belongs to post-impressionism, minimalism, etc.

Penerapan Value Engineering pada Proyek Konstruksi di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Value Engineering is a function analysis approach that aims to reduce the cost of production or project. The amount of costs that will be needed both in the planning period and also the implementation and time saving process are sought not to increase the amount of cost itself. Gamil & Alhagar(2020) revealed that there are several impacts of Covid-19 in the construction sector, namely project suspensions, workers who lose their jobs, jobs that exceed the time limit, excessive costs, and financial impacts. Jallow et al (2020) stated the changes that must be made to the infrastructure sector in order to comply with health protocols and remain productive during lockdown. The problem in this study is how much the total cost savings can be obtained after Value Engineering method to the architectural work of the Facilities and Infrastructure Rehabilitation project at the Sungai Gelam Campground in the Hall Building. Through graphs and calculations is, the results of 4 work items with the highest percentage were obtained, namely on wall pair work, roofing work, floor formwork work, and frame, door and window work. At the creative stage, the idea of alternative replacements is given to the same quality, function and quality, but at a lower price. Then the analysis stage carries out the development of a comparison between the alternatives to be obtained. The recommendation stage is the result of the chosen alternative. At the recommendation stage, the result of applying the value engineering method is the Material used for the work of the red Masonry 5x11x22cm amounting to Rp.1,934,368.62 or 9.16% of the initial design cost. For Metal Tile Roofing Work of Rp.7,775,287.18 or 30.27% of the initial design cost. For Aluminum Frame, Door and Window Work, 8mm Glass is Rp.8,360,275 or 20% of the initial design cost. For Ceramic Floor Work measuring 40x40 cm (Plain) of Rp. 12,926,981.30 or 25.26% of the initial design cost. The cost efficiency that can be obtained using Rp. 30,996,912.10 or 6% of Rp. 514,217,599.92,- the total project

Enterprise Architecture Patterns For Online Transportation

Online transportation is an internet-based service where passengers can order transportation via a platform. Gojek and Grab are one of the largest platforms in Southeast Asia and dominate the online transportation market share. However, platform development generally only focuses on value creation and stakeholder regulation without considering information technology (IT) services. In practice, enterprise architecture (AE) has an important role in IT-business strategy alignment. An enterprise architect can use the AE Pattern concept to provide effective solutions when developing enterprise systems. Organizations that do not implement enterprise patterns will produce poor solution targets. Therefore, the importance of implementing the AE pattern in aligning business-IT and the lack of practice related to the AE pattern. This research uses various kinds of modeling to be able to produce AE Patterns for online transportation. The purpose of this research is to model AE patterns on business and data on online transportation. The results of the AE pattern modeling are evaluated by making a prototype design then testing with the UAT method and producing using cases/processes that are successful or appropriate.

Inclusion of new architecture in historical environment of Tomsk (Tomsk)

Purpose: The aim of this work is to highlight issues relating to the introduction of new objects into the historical environment of Tomsk. Methodology/approach: Critical analysis of the scientific literature, comparative and analysis of architecture, system and structural analysis of information. A study of theoretical works of architects devoted to the urban architecture; assessment of architectural impact on a person; field research. Research findings: Key aspects are identified for the interaction between modern structures and objects of historical and architectural environment. The analysis is presented for the Tomsk development at the historical center. Practical implications: The possibility of using the obtained results in training of architecture students and in practical activity of architects. The application of new construction methods in the historical environment to Tomsk architecture.

Kent kimliğini temsil eden miras bitkiler ve bunların kentleşme sürecindeki değişimin incelenmesi

Historical textures of the cities are unique spaces exhibiting hundreds of years of urban identity and cultural heritage with all their components such as buildings, outdoors and plant materials. Therefore, historical animate materials are as crucial as historical inanimate ones to sustain urban identity. This study aims to reveal the heritage plants representing the urban identity and their temporal change in urbanization as an example of Kahramanmaraş's historical urban texture. The study was carried out in three stages: a) Identifying and mapping traditional public and civil architectures and carrying out spatial investigations on these samples, b) Creating a heritage plants album describing their use, purpose, and composition by identifying the sample areas, c) Determining the temporal changes in the use of the plants representing the urban identity through user researches. According to the findings obtained in the study, Olea europaea L. (81.9%) is the most representative plant in the city among the 29 heritage plants examined. In addition, 32 new exotic species have recently been frequently used in the city's green spaces instead of valuable heritage plants representing the city. Compared to the past, while there was no significant change in the purpose of creating a shaded and cool resting place in terms of intended use, the purpose of enhancing the visual quality of the courtyard/garden increased by 15.32% and obtaining products decreased by 29.8%.

Analisa Pemborosan Biaya Pada Proyek Pembangunan PT. Fortindo Mengunakan Metode Rekayasa Nilai (Value Engineering)

The construction of a factory building often requires large costs. This is due to the lack of attention paid to the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of materials, materials and also from the implementation method which is almost the same but in terms of costs it is more economical. The large amount of funding in the construction of factory buildings is an attraction for further analysis with the aim of finding materials and also implementation methods that require more economical costs than before. The purpose of this research is to find savings in construction costs, especially in architectural work by replacing the initial design with a new alternative design. This study uses the Value Engineering method. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that in architectural work, the largest construction cost lies in wall work, which costs Rp. 1,649,566,000 and floor work which cost Rp. 1,509,219,969. the results of the job function analysis show that the wastage of costs in architectural work lies in wall work and floor work. Where, work items with C/W > 2 include: wall work: C/W = 3.1 and floor work: C/W = 2.15

Karsten’s Work as a City Branding Strengthener for The Semarang City, Indonesia

Currently the City of Semarang, Indonesia, is trying to have a BRAND which is expected to be able to show the potential of Semarang city. Semarang city is one of the cities in Indonesia which in planning the development of the form of town planning, was planned by a city planner who is also an architect named Ir. Herman Thomas Karsten. Karsten has a lot of architectural works in Semarang city, ranging from buildings that function as houses, offices, to other public buildings such as schools, markets, theater, office building, housings, and hospitals. Karsten's architectural works are known to be comfortable to view or use for their activities. This is shown by the many works of Karsten which are still being used well by building users. This study aims to reveal the potential of the city of Semarang related to the urban cultural heritage of Karsten's work. This research will provide benefits for the stakeholders of the Semarang City in determining the city branding of Semarang city. In addition, this research is also beneficial for the development of architectural scholarship, and will provide new insights to the academic community about the importance of cultural heritage in a city. This research will provide clarity, that the Urban Cultural Heritage will affect the city identity and city character. As for the community, this research will contribute to helping the creation of a new built environment for cultural heritage artifacts through the city's brand image.

Analysis of Project Delay Using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Method in Rising Building Projects

A job on a construction project can affect delays throughout the project. Every construction project has a specific plan and schedule for when to start when to finish, how to schedule, and how to provide resources. There should be no delays in implementation because they will result in increased project costs. However, there was a delay in the performance of the lecture building construction project with the Faculty of Engineering UPN "Veteran" East Java. The methods given in the discussion to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of delays are the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method and the Obtain Cut Set Method (MOCUS). Work items that experienced delays were structural, architectural, and MEP work. There are three top events known through FTA analysis, namely delays caused by design changes and wrong drawings, which are factors causing delays from service users. The dominant factor causing delays in structural work is the difference in elevation with elegant buildings and a need for more attention to structural safety. This problem occurs in the top event factor of service users. The service users referred to in scientific research are the owners and/or planning consultants. From the results of a quantitative Fault Tree analysis, the reliability value of the structural work is 0.861. In this case, the structural work experienced a delay of >10% with a Reliability value below 90%, so the contract was declared critical.

PENGAPLIKASIAN BIM 5D UNTUK PEKERJAAN ARSITEKTUR PADA PROYEK GEDUNG IGD RSUD WARAS WIRIS BOYOLALI

<p>Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a system for digitizing data processing that can help work in the construction industry run more effectively and efficiently. One type of BIM is 5D BIM. 5D BIM has the function of determining the take-off quantities and analyzing the costs of a building. An example of 5D BIM is Cubicost. Cubicost BIM is a BIM from the Glodon company that allows you to calculate work volumes in a detailed and precise way. In this research, the case study presented is an architectural work on the Waras Wiris Boyolali Hospital Emergency Building Construction Project. The architectural section was selected because architectural works play an important role in nominal terms, so the determination of volume greatly influences construction costs. This research uses Cubicost TAS and TRB software. Cubicost Software's volume results have also been validated so that they show a 99% correlation figure with volume obtained from conventional calculations. Based on the research carried out, the cost of using Cubicost software for architectural works in the Waras Wiris Boyolali Emergency Hospital Building Construction Project is Rp. 1.695.645.165,47. Using the Cubicost software also produces an efficiency of 11.550% on RAB from the consultant.</p>