Architectural Solutions Research Articles

Lightwell in residential building: Architectural solutions to the daylighting performance through parametric simulation

The lightwell is an architectural solution to promote daylight into the internal spaces from the core of a building. The shaft configurations, such as geometry and reflectance can affect the performance of the daylighting entering the adjoining rooms under different conditions. This study aims to indicate the adequate architectural solutions to improve the daylighting performance of buildings with lightwells at three different southern latitudes. From a base model of 6-stories building, alternative cases were parametrically simulated using Rhinoceros, GrassHopper and ClimateStudio software. From variations in the lightwell geometry and walls reflectance, the cases were analyzed considering the lighting metrics UDI and sDA300. Results demonstrate that the daylighting is adequate on the floors near the top of the building and weakens towards the base of it. In Macapá, São Paulo and Chile, the sDA values reach 100 % on the top floor, but only 3 % on the first floor. It was also observed that materials with high diffuse reflectance on the shaft is more efficient in improving the daylighting performance than increasing its geometry. This research presents early-design guidance to inform architects and policymakers when considering the exploitation of daylight by the use of the lightwell.

Transformation of rural housing in Western Siberia (Kemerovo region, the 20th century)

Purpose: To suggest factors of transformation (formation) of rural dwelling architecture in Western Siberia. Identification of factors that determine changes in the dwelling archi tecture. Identification of the specifics of the factor interaction, which determine changes in architecture. Methodology: The analysis of the literature in the field, a comparative historical analysis of the main changes in the architectural solutions of a rural dwelling in Primorye at the end of the 20th century, ethnographic methods of the field research to collect materials for conducting research (interviewing, expert surveys, measurements, photo fixation). Study of works of Siberian historians, architects and ethnographers, namely A.Yu. Mainicheva, V.A. Ilinykh, E.A. Ashchepkov, O.N. Shelegina, L.A. Scriabin, V.M. Kimeev, B.R. Rubanenko, K.K. Kartashova. Research findings: The transformation of rural housing on the example of the Kemerovo region at the beginning of the 20th century. Determined are the main transformation factors, their interaction and hierarchy. Originality : Determination of relationships between sociocultural, economic and other changes as well as changes in the dwelling architecture.

Neuromorphic Electronic Module, focused on the Use of Memristor ECB, for Image Recognition

Currently, the expansion of the range of tasks solved by neural networks occurs mainly due to the complication of their structure, an increase in the number of neurons and synapses. Networks with thousands of neurons and tens to hundreds of thousands of synapses can achieve impressive results in the areas of speech processing, image identification, computer vision, etc., but at the same time, their use and training require significant computing power and energy costs. This is unacceptable for embedded autonomous systems, which, as follows from current trends, will constitute one of the most important applications for neural networks on a chip and must perform their tasks using a minimum number of elements and with minimal energy consumption. In this article a method for increasing the efficiency of hardware implementation and minimizing the number of electronic synaptic elements of asynchronous spiking neural networks (ASNN) in solving image identification problems was developed. To achieve this goal, a theoretical analysis of ASNN architectural solutions was carried out, the number of electronic synaptic elements was minimized due to the decomposition of the image identification problem, an ASNN software model was developed, neuron parameters were optimized and the neural network was learned (the weights of electronic synaptic elements were sat) on a software model. An ASNN electrical circuit was developed and the results of SPICE modeling were obtained. A hardware implementation of an asynchronous spiking neural network on serial electronic components was performed. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated in the process of optimizing the parameters of neurons and learning the neural network on the developed software model and confirmed by the results of SPICE modeling of the developed electrical circuit of the ASNN and the results of measuring the signals of the neural network implemented on serial electronic components.

Expandable Optimum Avionics Architecture Solution with Advantage in terms of Cabling Weight for a Helicopter

One of the biggest problems that the aviation industry focuses on in helicopter platforms is that the payload is not at the desired level. Another of these problems is the integration problem experienced in the process of integrating current technological equipment into the helicopter avionics architecture later throughout the product life cycle of the helicopter. Increasing the payload allows to carry more personnel, ammunition, etc. An expandable avionics architecture concept enables this if it is desired to integrate new avionics equipment throughout the life of the helicopter. In this context, R&D activities are organized in order for avionics equipment to be fast, expandable and reliable, and to transfer data via lighter ways. In this study, avionic architectural concepts from the past to the present were examined and a comparative analysis was made in terms of the cabling weight that will be formed on the helicopter platform in its possible use. While creating this concept, distributed, federated, integrated and distributed integrated architectures were examined, as well as RS-422/485, ARINC-429/629, AFDX, MIL-STD-1553 and FIBRE Channel protocols within the scope of communication protocols. By examining the superiority of the mentioned concepts to each other, the cabling weight created by different avionics architectures on the platform was calculated, and the optimum avionics architecture concept, which could be expanded to create a minimum cabling weight for a military type helicopter, was proposed.

УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО ОБЛИКА ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗАРУБЕЖНОГО ОПЫТА

The industry is at a new qualitative stage of its development. The prerequisites for the transition to a new stage are the following: the development of science, the use of modern technologies, innovations, materials, computerization and programming. The architecture of modern industrial buildings is the object of research. The architectural appearance of "sustainable architecture" for industrial purposes is poorly studied. The characteristic features of architectural solutions are studied. They helped to achieve the belonging of the object to the "sustainable architecture", including in the decisions of the appearance of the industrial facility. Volumes, facades, basic planning ideas affecting the volume and appearance of the object are analyzed. Conclusions are formulated. Attitude towards industry of architecture and towards architecture of industrial buildings are changing. A general trend has been identified – this is the humanization of industrial architecture: a partial departure from the standardization of architectural solutions; multifunctionality; a departure from "closed" production; the appearance of a building with "blurred" typological features of industrial architecture, a shift towards the appearance of a public object. The tendencies to fulfill the criteria of "sustainable development of architecture" are formulated: the use of alternative sources of electricity, innovative technologies and building materials; the active use of scientific developments; computerization and programming. Special attention is paid to safety for the population and working personnel, environmental safety. A set of measures is being taken to achieve safety, including the use of architectural and structural solutions. The originality of facades, volumes, non-standard solutions of an ideological and planning nature also become the hallmark of the "sustainable development of architecture".

SystemXF: a novel approach for holistic system modeling in aircraft conceptual design

In aircraft conceptual design, systems are typically represented by historical regressions without considering system architecture. For novel technologies, this is no longer possible. Alternative approaches are either hard coded solutions for special system architectures or lack the analysis capabilities necessary for conceptual aircraft design. The novel SystemXF approach intends to close this gap by providing a framework for system modeling that is not technology specific and allows for the integration of different analysis disciplines within a single model. A central XML file is used for system specification which can be edited using a SysML interface. A mass estimation and a safety analysis tool are available. An example system which is inspired by a real pitch control system is used to illustrate the method and to show the applicability. This modeling example shows that the proposed model is capable to represent and analyze realistic systems in conceptual aircraft design. The analysis tools can be used for system studies and to provide inputs for a conceptual aircraft design process.

ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF PUBLIC SPACES: INTERIOR DESIGN EXPERIENCE

This article studies examples of artistic interpretation of interior, infrastructural objects of tourist areas. The qualitative organization of tourism activities involves the design and organization of functionally comfortable and aesthetically significant objects. A professional approach to design requires the development of a unified concept of the environment, the artistic integrity of both the entire territory and individual objects. This article discusses the interior design of catering facilities. Public catering facilities are one of the main and sought-after objects in all types of tourism. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its materials can be used for special courses and lectures on topics related to the specifics of architectural and spatial solutions of interior design. The research results can also be used as theoretical and methodological material for the benefit of practicing architects and designers involved in the practical design of restaurants, cafes, and other food and leisure establishments, restaurant industry professionals, journalists, consultants, and PR specialists working in this area. Also, the results of this work can be used by foreign designers and architects as foreign experience in organizing public areas.

ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ARCHITECTURE IN THE XXI CENTURY

The article considers with the architecture of airports adapted to complex natural and anthropogenic conditions. The study has identified the methods used in modern architecture and engineering solutions to create sustainable airport complexes. Examples of artificial land formation, incorporation of dynamic structures and intelligent building management systems have been described as evolutionary solutions affecting the functioning of facilities.

Creating ecologically sound buildings by integrating ecology, architecture and computational design

Abstract Research is revealing an increasing number of positive effects of nature for humans. At the same time, biodiversity in cities, where most humans live, is often low or in decline. Tangible solutions are needed to increase urban biodiversity. Architecture is a key discipline that has considerable influence on the built‐up area of cities, thereby influencing urban biodiversity. In general, architects do not design for biodiversity. Conversely, urban conservation planning generally focuses on the limited space free of buildings and does not embrace architecture as an important discipline for the creation of urban green infrastructure. In this paper, we argue that the promotion of biodiversity needs to become a key driving force of architectural design. This requires a new multi‐species design paradigm that considers both human and non‐human needs. Such a design approach needs to maintain the standards of the architectural profession, including the aim to increase the well‐being of humans in buildings. Yet, it also needs to add other stakeholders, organisms such as animals, plants and even microbiota. New buildings designed for humans and other inhabitants can then increase biodiversity in cities and also increase the benefits that humans can derive from close proximity to nature. We review the challenges that this new design approach poses for both architecture and ecology and show that multi‐species‐design goes beyond existing approaches in architecture and ecology. The new design approach needs to make ecological knowledge available to the architectural design process, enabling practitioners to find architectural solutions that can facilitate synergies from a multi‐species perspective. We propose that a first step in creating such a multi‐species habitat is the design of buildings with an ecolope, a multi criteria‐designed building envelope that takes into account the needs of diverse organisms. Because there is no framework to design such an ecolope, we illustrate how multi‐species design needs to draw on knowledge from ecology, as well as architecture, and design computation. We discuss how architectures designed via a multi‐species approach can be an important step in establishing beneficial human–nature relationships in cities, and contribute to human well‐being and biodiversity conservation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

One Hundred Years Ahead: Architects on the Future of the Cities

We don’t know what lies ahead, but we believe in a better future. Those who are already implementing innovative architectural solutions today are the ones who find it the easiest to look into the future in search of answers to the question “What conditions will the humankind live in?” The Positive Changes Journal editors have compiled the opinions of the leaders and founders of world-renowned architectural firms whose projects are already changing the face of the cities of today. The architects expound on how to combine the environment and urbanism, conserve the planet’s resources and make the city adjust to the concept of an ideal way of life.

QUANTUM DIGITAL-ANALOGUE COMPUTING

Context. Nature is the relation among processes and phenomena. Nothing exists in the universe without relations. Computer is transactions of relations between data with the help of control and execution mechanisms. Quantum relations are a superposition of particles and their states. Superposition and entanglement are equivalent concepts. Entanglement is a non-local superposition of deterministic states. A quantum computer is unconditional transactions of relations between qubit data. Quantum computer is an analog device for parallel solution of combinatorial problems. Practically oriented definitions of the quantum computer concepts are the path to development of scalable quantum parallel algorithms for combinatorial problems solving. Any algorithm can be reduced to a sequence of operations without conditions, because any truth table is a collection of a complete system of conditions-states. Any sequence of actions can always be reduced to one parallel operation. Conditions and sequences arise only when the developer wants to use previously created primitive constructs to build an always non-optimal computing unit. The paradigm of quantum computer creation is determined through the use of photonic transactions on the electrons of an atom may exclude the use of quantum logic. The evolutionary path of a quantum computer from the classical one: “memory-address-transaction” (MAT) → “electron-addresstransaction” → “electron-address-quantaction” (EAQ) → state-superposition-logic. The meeting point of classical and quantum computers is photon transactions on the structure of electrons. Everything that is calculated on a quantum computer can be calculated in parallel on a classical one on account of memory redundancy. The given example is a memory-driven algorithm for modeling digital products based on qubit-vector forms of functionality description for significant performance boost of computing processes by parallel execution of logical operations.
 Objective. Simulation of the correct SoC-component behavior based on vector representation of the logic. Formation of the triggering development of a computing based on the superposition of the classical, quantum and analog computing process, which in its development should be based on technological qubit, tabular and vector data structures for the parallel solution of combinatorial problems.
 Method. MAT-computing implements any algorithms on account of transactions (read-write) in memory. Qubit-vector models for describing functionalities, which differ from known truth tables in compactness of description and manufacturability for the implementation of parallel algorithms of the synthesis and analysis of digital devices and SoC-components.
 Results. 1) The metric of the technological data structures, focused on parallel troubleshooting in digital systems based on the usage of two logical vector operations, was proposed for the first time. 2) The metric of relations between the individual components of QC, allowing organizing a quantum deterministic computer, has been further developed. 3) Quantum architectural solutions, that allow solving coverage problems in a quasi-parallel mode, were proposed for the first time. 4) Architectural solutions based on an analog-to-digital computing, which can be used to solve the problems of the digital systems parallel analysis, have been further developed. 5) Vector-qubit structures of the logic data, that allow a quasi-parallel simulation of digital circuits, were proposed.
 Conclusions. Qubit models, quantum methods and combinatorial algorithms for technical diagnostics of digital devices have been implemented, which can significantly (up to 25%) reduce the time of test synthesis, deductive modeling of faulty and correct behavior, search for defective states by introducing an innovative idea of using qubit-vector data structures for describing logical components. Comparative assessments of qubit models and methods usage show an increase in the efficiency of algorithms for modeling digital devices compared to tabular ones. The superposition of a classical, quantum and analog computer is integrally represented, which allows to find the best solutions for recognition and decision making.

Agile software development and UX design: A case study of integration by mutual adjustment

: Agility is an overarching ideal for empirically-driven software development processes that embrace change in order to improve quality, economy, and simplicity. While the pursuit of Agility has held prominence in software practice and research for over two decades, user experience (UX) designers struggle to integrate their work processes with agile software development. : As empirical processes are constantly evolving, so is this integration struggle for UX designers. We, therefore, present an industrial case study of how a Danish software company integrates UX design and agile software development. : We conducted a case study involving a) one iteration of individual interviews with 10 employees (four UX designers, three software developers, two project managers, and one solution architect) and b) a follow-up iteration consisting of a workshop with 6 employees (three UX designers, two solution architects, and one project manager) two years later. We analyzed how the company's approach to integration with 'upfront design' and 'work in parallel' involve mutual adjustments as opposed to assimilation or separation of UX design and software development. : Our analysis shows how integration through mutual adjustments made distinct contributions to UX designers' and software developers' pursuit of Agility. They experienced notably different work processes that still dealt effectively with change and contributed to quality, economy, or simplicity. Nevertheless, as shown from a follow-up workshop two years after our first interviews, these processes were still susceptible to integration struggles over time. : We conclude that integration based on mutual adjustment potentially makes Agility for UX designers and software developers different and mutually complementary. This integration contrasts with assimilation, which potentially makes their Agility mutually indistinguishably, and with separation, which makes their Agility different and mutually competing.

A method for documenting architectural solutions of computing platforms

The article describes a method for documenting the principles of functioning and internal organization of computing platforms, including reconfigurable computing systems and non-standard processor architectures. The novelty is in using of unified tools to describe: the design process and the computing process, hardware, software and tools, computing components of different granularity. The proposed approach is to describe computing platform as an ideal model that represents abstract algorithms for fulfilling functional requirements without specifying of how to implement it. Then the iterative model refinement follows including selection of physical implementation options, specifying the technological stacks, and additional mechanisms that provide the specified system qualities. A feature of the method is a kernel used for structuring information, classifying and describing the computational mechanisms the system consists of. The kernel includes elements common for different systems and is based on the analysis of a large number of computing architectures. The method describes the principles of the organization of platforms which are usually not considered together. These are: generalized processors with classical architecture which is an evolution of the von Neumann principles; systems based on microcontrollers; operating systems; large- and small-granular reconfigurable systems; specialized processors and accelerators; artificial neural networks. The proposed method can be used to structure information in both traditional and rapidly developing areas: reconfigurable systems and specialized processors. Based on the method, it is possible to create a common database of computing mechanisms suitable for use in different functional units of the system and at different levels of granularity. The results of the work can be useful for system architects to describe complex computing mechanisms consisting of software, hardware and dynamically generated adaptive “intelligent” components which will simplify their reuse and can be used to generate new architectural solutions. Also, the proposed method can be used in the process of training specialists, for a visual demonstration of the basic principles of computer technology.

Typological aspects of urban architecture design based on the principle of hybridity

Introduction: This study provides scientific and theoretical principles for the formation of types of buildings and complexes based on programs of mixed functional (hybrid) use. Materials and Methods: The method of scientific and predictive classification of the design principles of multifunctional buildings and complexes of mixed hybrid structure is used. Results and Discussion: The article provides an analysis of practical examples of multifunctional and mixed urban development that form new architectural and spatial solutions for building types that change the situation in existing neighborhoods, streets, and public spaces. Conclusions: The factors of updating the typology of multifunctional buildings and complexes using the principles of hybridity, digital and information technologies are considered.

Architecture of Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: Key Stylistic References in Public Facilities

The paper is devoted to the question of stylistic directions in the development of architecture in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. The construction boom that marked the great restructuring of the entire cultural paradigm of the country after the collapse of the Soviet empire is expressed in the stylistic diversity of architecture of the present time. The article notes that at the foundation for the context of the current urbanization of the steppe region lies a reimagining of both Kazakhstan's own cultural heritage and all architectural currents of the 20th and 21st centuries. The study identifies the most popular stylistic references in the artistic and visual architectural solutions in the country's major cities. Particular attention is paid to the balance between neoclassicism, modernism, and postmodernism in the characteristic of the general field of transformations of the urban environment. The role of new technologies in the development of modern architectural plasticity and the overall artistic language of architecture in present-day Kazakhstan is analyzed. It is argued that all its apparent diversity comes as a result of the influence of contemporary global architectural practice.

ФФОРМООБРАЗУЮЩАЯ РОЛЬ ЛИНИИ ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ФАСАДНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ ЗДАНИЙ

The facades of buildings and structures, which form the visual architectural and urban planning environment of a modern city, mainly consist of a variety of facade materials and decorative and (or) functional structural elements. The well-coordinated relationship between them, correlated according to certain compositional principles, creates the attractiveness of the visual perception of the architectural form inscribed in the space of the metropolis. Facades form the space of a modern city, which strives to create forms around itself, the direction of which is set by lines: urban planning lines that organize building and lines that create the architectural appearance of the city - formative. Thus, one way or another, the elements of the architectural and urban space are formed by means of a line. And the line acts as one of the main and primary compositional means of modeling, with the help of which an architectural form is developed. The article analyzes the architectural and compositional solutions of building facades in terms of using the line as a basic form-building tool when solving the facade plane. The general patterns of using the line in the development of facade solutions are revealed, regardless of the time period and stylistic direction. Its role is determined as a universal compositional means of graphic modeling of the external appearance of buildings, thanks to which architectural, structural and decorative elements are located along the facade plane, forming an expressive architectural image.

The value co-creation journey: a longitudinal process unfolding in a network through collaboration

Purpose This study aims to develop our understanding of the value co-creation process in business networks. This study identifies four key sub-processes that characterize the value co-creation journey as it unfolds across an inter-organizational network. These four sub-processes are opportunity co-creation, solution co-creation, complementary co-creation and activated co-creation. Design/methodology/approach Reflecting the exploratory nature of this research, the methodology relies on an in-depth case study, which is analyzed through the lens of the resource interaction occurring within the specific business relationships and collaborative episodes that affected the nine-year long development of Deko, a new architectural lighting solution. Findings The main contribution of the paper is identifying the sub-processes comprising the value co-creation journey of a technology development solution based on resource combining, re-combining and un-combining across a business network. That value co-creation occurs through a time-consuming journey requiring multiple episodes of collaboration can also inspire the practice of handling this process for instance for a small business such as the one featured in this case study. Originality/value This paper highlights that the value co-creation journey process has the potential to frame the unfolding of collaboration in practice for a small business.

Top 12 layer-wise security challenges and a secure architectural solution for Internet of Things

Digitalization, intelligent virtual assistants, and smart consumer products prepare us for life at every stage. Smart IoT, Sensor nodes, software communicate with one another via voice and emotions, simplifying our lives. Smart IoT is becoming more prevalent in our daily lives. Even though the use of Smart IOTs has grown in Geometric progression, the security of these devices remains traditional. Technically, most security discussions revolve around the implementation of better Network Intrusion Prevention/Detection Systems (NIPS/NIDS), the installation of a traditional firewall, or the use of proxy scanners, which is the standard recommendation of security vendors. All architectures are rooted in the same zeal that drives cyber warfare. However, when considering the Narrowband Internet of Things, the packet size is too small, and the memory and processors are so small that they cannot hold the packets for inspections, and the lucrative protocols will not work. Malicious hackers, BOTs, Trozens, and Honeypots may tamper with and virtually control these smart Internet of Things (IoT) to steal/tamper sensitive information for filthy lucre, financial reward, or, to put it simply, money in this cyber warfare. All of these issues stem from a lack of proper security design controls, architectural security flaws, and a failure to apply Secure by Design principles. Fixing these security controls earlier in the process will save us a significant amount of time, energy, and money spent on repairing broken IoT security flaws and performance aesthetics. If we consider the Shift Left Secure by Design/Architecture Journey in the Internet of Things Security Architecture, these Architectural/Design flaws can be identified in earlier stages and will help the delivery teams to plan necessary security controls in the IoT use cases.In this paper, the author discusses Layer-wise Security Challenges, Attack Vectors, and Architectural Flaws, and proposes a secure architectural solution for the Internet of Things (IoT) that assists delivery teams in securely designing/architecting resource-intensive smart Internet of Things (IoT)/Narrowband (NIoT) use cases earlier in the Life cycle by employing the Secure Design Shift Left approach. In this smart digital IoT era, the author also suggests future research directions for future generations to increase security.

Empowering SDN-Docker Based Architecture for Internet of Things Heterogeneity

Internet of Things (IoT), an emerging technology, connects billions of smart devices to the Internet through heterogeneous communication technologies enabling novel services and applications. This complex and variable environment encounters several challenges such as managing and controlling the network and IoT applications, programming IoT devices, responding to some specific Quality of Service requirements of certain applications. The current IoT network based on the complex, static, and closed traditional architecture represents a serious concern, especially with the amounts of data generated from the huge and heterogeneous IoT devices. In this paper, we present a new model for IoT architecture that brings together the benefits of Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture and containerization (i.e., Docker) to address most IoT challenges and abstract the underlying communication and hardware subsystem. The SDN concept decoupled the control plane from data plane which implies a centralized global network view and provides flexibility in network configuration and resource management. Moreover, containerization technique through the docker in the device brings the portability and scalability of the applications. First, we propose, an SDN-based architecture for IoT. Then, with lightweight virtualization of IoT device supplied by Docker, we empower the functionalities and effectiveness of the SDN based architecture solution to challenge the IoT heterogeneity. Furthermore, we use the smart supermarket as a use case to validate our SDN-Docker based architecture in a real IoT scenario. The experimental results validate the architecture implementation.

A biophilic wellbeing framework for positive indoor-outdoor connections in energy-efficient Arctic buildings

This paper develops a biophilic wellbeing framework for positive indoor-outdoor connections in Arctic buildings to respond to occupants’ wellbeing and energy-efficiency requirements. Extreme cold weather and drastic photoperiods of Arctic climates could have adverse impacts on wellbeing and reduce connections with nature, i.e., identified as biophilia. Characteristics of positive relationships with extreme Arctic climatic stressors have not yet been comprehensively studied in terms of integrated wellbeing needs and energy efficiency requirements. This paper aims to articulate a fundamental wellbeing framework integrating thermal and photobiological needs with biophilic recommendations to characterize positive connections with Arctic climates for energy-efficient buildings. A scoping literature review is conducted to discuss occupants' thermal and photobiological needs in relation to biophilic recommendations and Arctic climatic conditions. As a case study, shortcomings of existing building practices in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada, are studied regarding wellbeing, indoor-outdoor connections, and energy-efficiency needs. The proposed wellbeing framework for positive indoor-outdoor connections in Arctic buildings integrates (i) thermal and (ii) photobiological indicators based on biophilic recommendations. The integrated wellbeing framework enables characterizing thermal and (photobiological) lighting adaptation scenarios responding to Arctic weather, daylighting, and photoperiods as well as energy efficiency. Intermediate spaces are also proposed as a prosing architectural solution to address the integrated wellbeing framework energy efficiency in arctic buildings. Overall, the proposed framework could help architects, building designers, and stakeholders to develop further architectural solutions for positive, energy-efficient indoor-outdoor connections for Arctic buildings and occupants.