Architectural Projects Research Articles

DESIGN OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR CREATING THE ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Background. The architecture of the automated system is the main source of quality of software and software-hardware systems. It determines how quickly and efficiently a developer is able to analyze, understand, test, extend, and maintain an automated system. Changes in the system architecture have a high cost due to its complexity and the possibility of destruction during expansion. At present, most of the knowledge and information about the design decisions on which the architecture is based are implicitly embedded in it, which leads to problems during the development process, in particular, during the programmatic implementation of its structural elements. It is determined that, despite the long way that the evolution of systems architecture has passed, today there are very few objective, repeatable and empirically based methodologies and tools for the design and analysis of architecture. As a rule, software architects are programmers who have decades of experience in software development practice. Given their experience, they clearly understand that errors in the architecture design are the root causes of lower-level problems that manifest in the software code. Most often, a programmer feels when the architecture of his project is of low quality, because there are a large number of technical flaws, the number of which only increases with time. But most projects continue to be implemented, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the finished automated system. Objective. The purpose of this work is to design and document the software architecture of the automated system for creating the accompanying documentation of the educational process in order to take the first step towards understanding the relationships and the impact of the adopted project decisions on the code base. Conclusions. To achieve the goal, a class of multi-level architectures was chosen, among which the three-level architecture is the most common. Features of implementation of open and closed three-level architectures are considered. On the basis of the MVC architectural template, an architectural project of an automated system for creating accompanying documentation of the educational process has been developed. The main subsystems and data elements are documented.

Digital Transformation: Elevating Landscape Architecture through Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely used in architecture and construction, particularly in building andstructure design. However, BIM is imposed in landscape architecture design, which is still not much applied inlandscape architecture, academically and practically. Therefore, this paper explores the benefits of BIM application inlandscape architecture design. A methodology involves a systematic literature review (SLR) on BIM landscapearchitecture to explore the purposes and benefits of BIM's landscape architecture. The study found that the BIMapplication has contributed valuable benefits to the landscape architecture design process and the digital modeling oflandscapes. Moreover, the study provides a solution software application and tool to generate a sustainable landscapedesign from the pre-design stage of landscape architecture projects . In short, successfully utilizing BIM depends on anoperator's human skills to use the application in landscape architecture projects and enhance the multiple aspects oflandscape visualization.

The Impacts of Architectural Models in Public Environment

Models are one of the oldest mediums used for creating, communicating and representing ideas throughout the ages, whether these ideas are based on dogmatic, intellectual, ideological, or architectural thought (belief). Whatever their purpose, models, embody a value that reflects their worth to their makers/owners; but this value is not easy to quantify as it may be based on implicit considerations that are difficult to define and measure. On the other hand, it is possible to add measurable value to human endeavors by the use of models. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the impacts and importance of models in public domain; and to determine the value added to a project by model making.Data in this domain was gathered from interviews and local officials. In the public domain, the value added due to the impact of architectural models was measured by conducting a survey amongst the visitors to the Miniaturk Park in Istanbul. It was determined that model making can be used as a tool to add value to architectural projects and edifices. It was also seen that the value-added impact of architectural models in the public domains could be accurately measured. In this study, it is asserted that it not always true that the impacts of architectural models in public domain can be considered as qualitative data, but it can be most of the time be converted into quantitative data. These impacts and implications are of importance in several aspects: economic, heritage, cultural and historical.

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Tools for Assisting Low-Carbon Architectural Design: Merging the Use of Machine Learning, Large Language Models, and Building Information Modeling for Life Cycle Assessment Tool Development

The construction sector is a significant contributor to global carbon emissions and a major consumer of non-renewable resources. Architectural design decisions play a critical role in a building’s carbon footprint, making it essential to incorporate environmental analyses at various design stages. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and building information modeling (BIM) can support designers in achieving low-carbon architectural design. The proposed solution involves the development of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool. This study presents a novel approach to optimizing the environmental impact of architectural projects. It combines machine learning (ML), large language models (LLMs), and building information modeling (BIM) technologies. The first case studies present specific examples of tools developed for this purpose. The first case study details a machine learning-assisted tool used for estimating carbon footprints during the design phase and shows numerical carbon footprint optimization results. The second case study explores the use of LLMs, specifically ChatGPT, as virtual assistants to suggest optimizations in architectural design and shows tests on the suggestions made by the LLM. The third case study discusses integrating BIM in the form of an IFC file, carbon footprint analysis, and AI into a comprehensive 3D application, emphasizing the importance of AI in enhancing decision-making processes in architectural design.

Planning structure in Tyumen in the 17–19th centuries and standard projects of wooden architecture

Planning structure in Tyumen in the 17–19th centuries and standard projects of wooden architecture

Regulatory culture and architectural project

Regulatory culture and architectural project

TRENDS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND IMMERSIVE DESIGN USE IN THE FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT

There is increasing attention to a new design methodology incorporating the latest achievements of a non-hierarchical way of forming based on the learning process of computers or machines, namely the concepts of artificial intelligence (AI) and immersive design, using virtual and other types of reality. The study aims to reveal the necessity to identify the main trends of artificial intelligence and immersive design use in architectural environment formation. The results can contribute to rethinking architectural design algorithms at the present stage and identifying potential opportunities for improvement. The paper describes the possibilities of AI and immersive design in architectural environment formation. Analysis of current research in this field has made it possible to identify trends that likely will continue to develop further and impact the architectural profession. One of these trends is the improvement of the architect’s toolkit, currently provided by additional plug-ins to existing programmes or separate services based on AI algorithms, but in the future, it may be a change in the programme code itself with a completely updated structure. In this case, the role of software from the architect-managed toolkit may shift to another plane, such as a digital assistant that partially or fully manages its responsibilities in working on an architectural project. The symbiosis of multidirectional but powerful immersive design technologies (VR, AR, MR) and AI algorithms is another trend in architectural environment formation. It can also be characterised as the most experimental and, at the same time, dynamically progressing, given the active development of its components. Another modern trend is to bring architectural design to a new level of a balanced combination of virtual and real. The immersion of the user in virtual reality for design work and demonstration of the relevant results is gradually changing as the 3D model of an architectural structure is increasingly manifested in the physical world, including at the implementation site, and interactive equipment with flexible and constantly evolving functionality provides architects with more opportunities for creativity. Keywords: artificial intelligence, immersive design, architectural environment.

PROBLEMS OF VISUAL QUALITIES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN GREEN STANDARDS

The architectural community, which is closely involved in green standards, is already aware of the need to consider the aesthetic qualities of the architectural environment in rating systems of environmental certification. The study’s relevance is related to the need to find ways to factor the impact of the aesthetic component of architecture on human health in architectural projects. The purpose of the study is to justify the need to include the aesthetic properties of architectural objects under design in rating systems for environmental certification of architecture. Rating systems for environmental certification of buildings are not universal; each has its characteristics. Analysis of the most common systems shows that they do not take into account and do not regulate the appearance of buildings from the point of view of human visual perception. At the same time, the visual and aesthetic qualities of the architectural environment affect human health and well-being, which makes them components of ecology and a matter for consideration. The author’s research focuses on some of the most common and basic standards: LEED, BREEAM, and WELL. We determined that several green standards address the visual impact of architecture as a component of human health and ecology. We also found that during certification, according to the relevant standard, in most cases, the visual impact comes down to providing a view from the window, the level of lighting inside the room, and insolation, among others. At the same time, there is no regulation of the aesthetic impact of a building on a person; there is no methodology for its evaluation. There is an obvious need to consider the aesthetic qualities of architecture. Its quantification and scoring are possible within the framework of the corresponding credits of the environmental certification rating system. For this, we propose an appropriate technique, which consists of conducting a statistical survey of some categories of respondents who answer a series of questions about visual perception and give a generalised assessment of the architectural project. The study substantiates the expediency of introducing criteria for assessing the aesthetic properties of architectural structures into the system of green standards; it analyses the requirements of green standards regarding the aesthetic properties of the architectural environment. The article also develops the principles of forming criteria for assessing the aesthetic properties of architectural structures. It argues that the aesthetic visual qualities of architectural objects affect human health and that we should consider them in the environmental certification systems of architecture. Therefore, the study is forming a unified green standard template, one of the criteria of which will allow for the awarding of points for the visual environmental friendliness of a building undergoing green certification. Keywords: green standards, BREEAM, LEED, visual ecology, visual qualities, aesthetic properties.

“AI Will Be the Beating Heart of the City”: Connectivity and/as Care in The Line

Artificial intelligence will be “the beating heart” (Bell, 2022, para. 1) of the linear smart city The Line<em> </em>in Saudi Arabia, one of the most expensive and expansive urban living projects of our times—and crucial in the larger vision of a post-oil future for Saudi Arabia. Exemplary of the complex relationship between past and future in constructing alternative urban imaginaries, the promotional material of The Line<em> </em>highlights technology as the best—and apparently only—solution to “maintain, continue, and repair our ‘world’ so that we can live in it as well as possible” (Tronto & Fisher, 1990, p. 40), while at the same time imagining artificial intelligence itself as a living and “organic” presence in the urban. Following David Pinder’s understanding of cities as always both imagined and real, immaterial and material, this article draws on care as a critical lens to explore the construction of The Line in answer to Nick Dunn’s provoking question: “So can imagining the future change it?” (Dunn, 2018, p. 376). Tracing “care in a manufactured landscape” (Mattern, 2021, p. 144) here highlights the entanglement between technology and sustainability, between organic metaphors and artificial environments, between virtual connection and material exhaustion. Critically examining the promise embedded in contemporary architectural projects to deliver “new and imaginative solutions” (NEOM, 2022e) for the physical, psychological, and environmental exhaustion of urban life, this article proposes an understanding of connectivity and care as increasingly entangled—and argues that the urban vision put forward in The Line, ultimately, hinges on care as connectivity rather than caring interconnections, networked logics rather than networks of belonging.

Interior Architecture Project Approach with Design-oriented Thinking Model: Clinic Designs

Interior Architecture Project Approach with Design-oriented Thinking Model: Clinic Designs

NEURAL NETWORKS IN ARCHITECTURE: FROM IDEA TO IMPLEMENTATION

Problem Statement. In the modern design process, advanced technologies are increasingly being utilized to create complex and innovative architectural projects. Neural networks play a crucial role in the development of automated image generation methods in the architectural field, considering various styles, forms, and textures. However, despite the rapid advancement of these technologies, there are significant issues hindering their full integration into architectural practice. Generating beautiful concept images using neural networks remains far from realization. These images may be inspirational but do not address technical aspects such as developing 3D models, preparing drawings, and performing calculations necessary for the successful implementation of projects. Striking a balance between aesthetics and functionality is a key factor for the successful realization of construction projects. The aim of the article is to examine the issues related to image concept generation in architecture using MidJourney and similar platforms. The primary focus is on analyzing why generating concept images is only the initial step in architectural design. Additional stages are required, such as developing 3D models, preparing drawings, and performing calculations. This will transform the ideas presented in images into tangible three-dimensional objects, considering technical aspects and engineering systems.

Wandering "paper" dominants: positions and functions of high-rise accents in the urban development projects of Pushchino, 1950–1980s

The subject of this study are the architectural and urban planning projects of the scientific town of Pushchino of the USSR Academy of Sciences, developed in the second half of the 20th century. It focuses on high-rise accents planned in the master plans from the 1950s to the 1980s, which, though never realized, played a crucial organizing role in the city's developmental compositions over the years. These "paper" projects significantly influenced the actual architectural ensemble of the city. Specific changes in the creative concepts are correlated with personnel shifts within the team that developed the projects for Pushchino. The dynamics and direction of architectural searches are considered within the broad context of the history of Soviet architecture and are compared with global processes and the positions of architectural theorists and philosophers. The research employs a formal and comparative analysis method, structured historically to segment the creative process into periods that reflect both the subject of the research and the broader historical and architectural context of the era. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of numerous urban planning and architectural projects, gathered through extensive research in state and personal archives. This allowed for the first time to consider the work of architects on the planning projects of Pushchino as a dynamic process, revealing changes that occurred at each of its stages. Through the analysis of the development of “paper” dominants, wandering from project to project, changes in the global urban planning concepts of the city were traced. Consequently, the article provides insights into the development of urban planning in Pushchino, viewed through the lens of high-rise accents. It also paves the way for further research into other aspects of the process, contributing to a more comprehensive and profound understanding of urban architectural development.

The originality of Chinoiserie-style garden architecture in England in the XVIII century

The article "The originality of Chinoiserie-style garden architecture in England in the XVIII century" explores the development and specifics of Chinoiserie style in the landscape architecture of England. Chinoiserie style refers to the use of Chinese motifs and stylistic techniques in European architecture. The aim of the work is to identify the specifics of the arrangement of English gardens and parks in the Chinoiserie style. The subject of the study is the stylistic features of the embodiment of Chinoiserie gardens and parks. The object of the study is parks and garden architecture in the Chinoiserie style in England. The study covers the 18th century, revealing the contribution of individual architects and the influence of Chinese art on the development of garden architecture. The presented analysis demonstrates how architectural styles of Western and Eastern culture can mix. English gardens and parks are evidence of the influence of Chinese aesthetics on landscape gardening, which later spread to continental Europe. In the course of the research, the following methods were mainly used: historical, historical-genetic, historical-comparative. In the study of specific objects of landscape architecture, methods of art criticism analysis were applied — formal, stylistic and comparative methods. The article examines specific English monuments of landscape architecture of the XVIII century taken as examples the Chinoiserie style. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the features of the Chinoiserie style in the landscape architecture of England were highlighted and a comparison of English architectural objects in the Chinoiserie style with Chinese analogues was carried out. The conducted research revealed the English specifics in the approach to interpreting Chinese designs of gardens and parks and architectural projects in the XVIII century. English gardeners and architects were inspired by Chinese aesthetics and used oriental elements for decoration, but did not follow all architectural canons and traditions. This gave rise to a new Chinoiserie style, a combination of Chinese and European landscape art that spread throughout Europe.

Innovative Approach to Promoting Walkability in Lisbon

The increases in both the elderly population and urbanization present new problems for planning new cities and managing old cities. To solve this challenge, innovative ideas/proposals that encourage walkability and reduce fossil energy motor transport are needed, in line with the actions advocated by Sustainable Development Goal #11 (SDG11), Sustainable Cities and Communities. Opening passages that cross blocks, creating connections between the streets, is the proposal discussed in this paper, as seen in cities like Paris, Prague, Milan, and Juíz de Fora, which have passages in their urban fabric. These can be implemented in a building’s rehabilitation or when a new building replaces it. New architectural project designs should have several characteristics that promote walkability in the city, including passages and galleries. Although previous research has obtained promising results, extending the research to different urban fabrics and block sizes is needed. Using space syntax and data analysis, we simulated and quantitatively assessed the walkability of three neighborhoods in Lisbon, Portugal. The comparison of all simulations and the discussion of the results show that the passages improve walkability. It is also noticeable that there is higher walkability in orthogonal urban fabrics than in non-orthogonal fabrics. The results for block size are inconclusive.

De la obra construida al conocimiento proyectado. Estudio de los proyectos Amairis y Parque Educativo Saberes Ancestrales

Traditionally, architectural projects are analyzed based on an understanding of the triad site, activity, and technique. This research highlights how the analysis of architectural projects extends beyond previous studies. Instead, spaces are shaped through users and events that unfold over time. A performative cartography of users is employed for this purpose, revealing the unplanned actions and versions of the projected spaces. The investigation begins with built work as a generic support, anticipating certain forms of use and utilization of its elements, allowing for the observation, examination, and analysis of usage production. Projected knowledge is connected to the interpretation of the ordinary and every day, capturing and making visible (re-presenting) users' daily situations and scenarios. This representation consists of multiple spatial scenes where the time factor engages with units of spaces and users.

Evaluating the Quality of Architectural Heritage Reuse Projects Using a Well-Being and NEB Approach: The Case Study of IPIM in Turin (Italy)

International conservation approaches recognise architectural heritage as crucial in promoting sustainable development and enhancing human well-being. This has been highlighted by the recent New European Bauhaus (NEB) movement. As for the reuse of architectural heritage, this debate has led to the formulation of new guidelines that aim to maximise the tangible and intangible values of the assets from a long-term and circular economy perspective. In turning theory into operational practice, it is essential to reuse heritage structures while keeping these principles in mind and remaining within the boundaries of conservation objectives. To achieve this, evaluation tools that can aid in the decision-making process need to be identified. This research presents a novel model of indicators that can monitor and evaluate the quality of architectural heritage reuse projects, proposing a perspective that considers both the concept of well-being and the NEB principles. The proposed model is tested on Turin’s IPIM (Provincial Institute for Childhood and Maternity). This structure has been transformed from an uncomfortable heritage into a cultural centre for contemporary art called Flashback Habitat. The case study tests the model’s practical applicability and demonstrates its effectiveness in identifying the most challenging principles to apply in practice.

Effective schematic design phase in design process

Design thinking is a way to create solid designs that responds to design problems and solve it in a creative and suitable way. However, it is not widely recognized in architectural education pedagogy in Egypt for undergraduate. Despite being very efficient in several business avenues but not in architectural pedagogy. So, this paper aims to spot the light on design thinking and the possibility of its usage in design process to help students have a successful architectural project that solves the design problems and face the site challenges through the use of visualization design thinking tool. Where students face a challenge in translating the verbal language of their collected data in the research phase to the architectural language in the schematic phase. There is a recognized gap between the research students perform in the beginning of design project and the schematic designs that students deliver. The study proposes the possibility of using visualization as a tool for design thinking to have a sufficient and successful schematic design phase. The study will explain how students could apply design thinking in architectural design to benefit from their research phase in their schematic design. Moreover, come up with solutions and variable ideas using the tools of deign thinking as a way for helping in delivering design problem solution and have a more effective schematic design. At the end of the research paper the study concludes how the students can use visualization tool to translate the verbal language to architectural language and the possibility for using design thinking. That to help students realize the importance of analysis phase in synthesis. The research follows descriptive method and quantitative analysis where first the descriptive method is used in illustrating design process and design thinking. Then the quantitative analysis in the experiment is done followed by a survey to prove research problem and help in proposing the solution.

The Study of Tourist Experience in Historical and Cultural Towns Based on Online Texts: A Case Study of Gongtan Ancient Town

This paper takes Gongtan Ancient Town of Chongqing as a case study, takes the online comment text of tourists on the websites of Ctrip and Dianping as data, analyzes the online text through content analysis, and uses ROST CM-6 software to conduct word frequency, emotion and semantic network analysis, aiming to deeply explore the tourist experience of Gongtan Ancient Town. The results show that: (1) Tourists' experience of Gongtan Ancient Town consists of five dimensions: tourist destination perception, sensory experience, physical and mental experience, tourist destination characteristic experience and service experience. (2) Natural scenery, local characteristics and service guarantee are the main tourist attractions of Gongtan Ancient Town.(3) Tourists' overall experience and perception of tourism in Gongtan Ancient Town tend to be positive emotions. Tourists' dissatisfaction mainly comes from heavy traffic jams during holidays, poor service attitude of staff and poor accommodation conditions. (4) The semantic network is divided into three levels: the core area is the tourists' objective cognition of the scenic spot name and location; The sub-core circle is the cultural cognition of the ancient town and the characteristic architecture and activity projects; The edge layer is the image characteristic cognition and tourism evaluation of the ancient town. In addition, some optimization suggestions are put forward for the existing problems of Gongtan Ancient Town. The research results not only provide a scientific basis for the tourism development and construction of Gongtan Ancient town, but also provide a reference for the optimization of tourist experience in other ancient towns.

BIM: A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT

At the present time, digital technology has fundamentally altered both our daily lives and professional environments. New tools and software have emerged, becoming crucial across various fields, including urban development, by replacing traditional methods. Among these technological advancements is Building Information Modeling (BIM), also known as Better Information Management, which has evolved into a collaborative management process integrating architectural projects. BIM relies on technologies and solutions that intelligently model and structure the different stakeholders involved in a project. It creates a virtual environment that accurately represents buildings and urban spaces, including their geometry, spatial organizations, functionalities, and other significant information. This contribution aims to examine the challenges associated with using BIM as a collaborative project management process in architecture. It also seeks to explore new strategies that promote the efficiency and quality of architectural projects.

НАРИСИ ІСТОРІЇ МІСТОБУДУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ І СВІТІ

Introduction. The article examines the nutritional dynamics and peculiarities of the development of the environment in Ukraine, which requires an integrated approach to address the challenges and problems of this problem. The foldability and rich profile of this galus poses system requirements that require support and legislative security at the edge. Also, we are talking about developing a strategy for the development of local development, which is based on the idea of ensuring harmony between the economic, social and environmental development of the place. The main essence lies in the creation of such a local environment that would satisfy the needs of the current generation, without reducing the ability of future generations to take control of their lives. It is important that the main aspects of the development of strategies for the development of local development include, first of all, economic stability, so that they are aimed directly at creating minds for economic growth and development, ensuring the stability of financial, economic and investment processes in localities. Social inclusion plays an important role, and development strategies are aimed at ensuring accessibility and equal access to infrastructure, housing, lighting, health care and other social services for all levels of the population. Problem statement. Urban planning is a complex, multi-level and multi-disciplinary process that has a systemic nature. The main task of urban planning is to create such a material environment in which human needs should be satisfied as best as possible. In contrast to previous years, the urban planning process has been streamlined and has become more integrated into public production. The specificity of this type involves a whole series of competencies affecting many fields of knowledge. Urban planning activity involves planning, development of territories, careful development and implementation of urban planning documentation regarding both the expansion of cities and the construction of new ones. At the same time, many questions arise regarding architectural solutions, harmonious placement of buildings in the surrounding landscape. The process of urban planning always heralds socio-economic development: infrastructure and architectural projects implemented within the framework of urban planning can contribute to economic growth, attracting investment and creating jobs, while the process of social integration is underway, creating conditions for communication and interaction between different social and cultural groups .