Architectural Principles Research Articles

Cloud computing survey on services, enhancements and challenges in the era of machine learning and data science

<p>Cloud computing has sweeping impact on the human productivity. Today it’s used for Computing, Storage, Predictions and Intelligent Decision Making, among others. Intelligent Decision Making using Machine Learning has pushed for the Cloud Services to be even more fast, robust and accurate. Security remains one of the major concerns which affect the cloud computing growth however there exist various research challenges in cloud computing adoption such as lack of well managed service level agreement (SLA), frequent disconnections, resource scarcity, interoperability, privacy, and reliability. Tremendous amount of work still needs to be done to explore the security challenges arising due to widespread usage of cloud deployment using Containers. We also discuss Impact of Cloud Computing and Cloud Standards. Hence in this research paper, a detailed survey of cloud computing, concepts, architectural principles, key services, and implementation, design and deployment challenges of cloud computing are discussed in detail and important future research directions in the era of Machine Learning and Data Science have been identified.</p>

P‐87: A Scheme to Manufacture High Color Purity Quantum Dot Display

In this paper, we have developed a scheme to make small size QD (quantum dot) display come true. We will show the structure and principle of QD display in this paper. It is different from QD enhancement film which is used in backlight, our work focus on developing QD color filter. Compared with traditional LCD, the brightness and color purity of QD‐LCD have been greatly improved. In our development projects, the QD Color filter is realized through the lithography process and we got wide color gamut up to 99.2%BT2020 (equal to 132.86%NTSC) in Cd based QD, and 93.6%BT2020 (equal to 125.35%NTSC) in Cd‐free QD. In this paper we focused on the explaining architectural principles used during design and implementation.

Dremel

Google's Dremel was one of the first systems that combined a set of architectural principles that have become a common practice in today's cloud-native analytics tools, including disaggregated storage and compute, in situ analysis, and columnar storage for semistructured data. In this paper, we discuss how these ideas evolved in the past decade and became the foundation for Google BigQuery.

Baitul Rahmah: a Final Evolution of The Malay Classical Style Amidst Change

The paper highlights the significance and position of the Baitul Rahmah, an early 20th-century mansion in Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia, as a key milestone of stylistic evolvement of local vernacular architecture. Its form embodies, a typological variation at a time of growing Colonial imperialism, while its grammar and language refers to early modern stylistic expression reflecting the fundamental principles of indigenous architecture. The Baitul Rahmah brings to light how a final evolution and epitome of the vernacular projects an identity as a cosmopolitan manifestation. Its internal ornamentation recalls the stylized forms of local motifs and reflect a form of control and minimalism; i.e. an ‘ornamental decorum’. Its wood-carved expressions seem stylised into increasing ‘modernised’ simplication and modularity, while its masonry- timber structure reflect the identity of hybridity in architecture which symbolise the tensions of local communities as they step into the 1900s into a global context.

KAJIAN MAKNA SISTEM STRUKTUR PADA RUMAH LAMIN


 
 
 Title: Meaning Studies of Structural System in Lamin Houses
 This article aims to reveal the structural system and meaning of the Lamin house structure, a form of local wisdom of traditional architecture. The object of study is the Lamin house in Pampang Village, Samarinda City. The house still refers to traditional architectural principles such as human symbols or analogies such as the head, body, and legs. The research method is descriptive qualitative and based on an interpretive approach using interview techniques to the structural system that contains meaning. The results of the research are the Lamin house structure system consisting of a lower structure (sukaq), an upper structure (sulo), and a roof structure (sapau). The meaning contained in each of these structural elements illustrates that in the sukaq structure there is the power of natural and environmental support for humans, the sulo structure demonstrates the creation of a close kinship between humans, and the construction of sapau gives meaning to the existence of human relations with the supernatural. Local wisdom contained in traditional architecture is expected to be able to contribute to the enrichment of the world architectural knowledge.
 
 

Performance-Based Structural Seismic Method in High-rise Building Design

The rise of intelligent buildings in China is based on two reasons. One is that with the reform and opening up, China’s national economy has continued to develop rapidly, its overall national strength has been continuously enhanced, and people’s living standards have been improved. People urgently need to improve and enhance their working and living environments. Architecture is just one of the important ways to meet this demand. Performance-based seismic design is based on the investment-benefit criterion as a basic principle, reflecting an important change in the seismic design thinking of modern structures, that is, focusing on structural safety from the past. To develop a comprehensive focus on structural performance, safety and economy. It makes the seismic design transition from macroscopically qualitative goals to concretely quantified multiple goals. Designers can choose the required performance goals, which is conducive to the innovation of building structures, using new structural systems, new technologies, and new materials; it is beneficial to adopt different performance goals and earthquake resistance for different fortification intensity, site conditions, and the importance of the building Measures. It is a change in the design concept and plays a significant role in the design and development of engineering structures. This paper explores the characteristics, composition, and design requirements of high-rise intelligent buildings, analyzes their superiority and social benefits, and studies their architectural principles and future development trends. High-rise intelligent buildings were born to meet the higher requirements of office and living environments. It is a combination of architectural art and information technology. It is the four basic elements of structure, system service and optimal combined system management, providing a safe, efficient, comfortable and convenient built environment. At present, only the uncertainty of the load, the strength of the material, the geometric dimensions and the uncertainty of the calculation model are usually considered. For the artificial uncertainty, the complexity and uncertainty of the economic loss estimation due to the complexity of earthquake damage As a result, it is very difficult to accurately estimate economic losses, especially the estimation of indirect losses. Therefore, the establishment of a performance-based reliability optimization decision-making model for high-rise intelligent buildings requires further research and improvement. To build more detailed and specific models for different types of requirements.

The Role of Design Characteristics of the Internal & External Spaces of Campus to Achieve Psychological Stability “Mosul University Campus as Case Study”

The architect plays a great role in influencing the professors and students behavior of the constituent spaces of the architectural form he produces, since the occupation of this space needs to provide his biological, physical and psychological needs, thus positively affecting the performance of the users. The productivity of the individual increases, whether for work for adults or for students. The study dealt with the effect of shaping the architectural form of the buildings in general and the university buildings in particular in achieving psychological stability for professors and students to increase their positive influence and their chances of success as individuals in the society, and discussed the negative effects of these buildings on the professors and students as they design their lives and negative perception of architectural elements, principles and strategies. The researchers conducted some practical experiments regarding the role of each building on the inside of their users in terms of (space capacity or narrowness, high or low ceiling, shape and color of walls and ceiling, straight or curved architectural design lines, The value, as well as the shape and color of the furniture used). This role has been identified by distributing a questionnaire for each of the professors and students about the university building internal and external spaces at the University of Mosul, and collecting the data in special tables and then discussing the results. The architect who design and shape the architectural form of the university buildings must be well thought out as it directly affects (positively or negatively) on both of them of these configurations that he designed.

Neolitik Dönemde Mimarlığın Temel İlkeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Anadolu’da Neolitik Dönem yerleşimlerinde, literatüre geçmiş olan mimarlığın temel ilkelerinin karşılık bulup bulmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu araştırmanın en temel sebebi, insanoğlunun yerleşik döneme geçmesi ile birlikte, günümüz insanın gelişmişliğine sahip olmayan Neolitik Dönem insanının da bu konuda literatüre geçmiş olan mimarlığın temel ilkeleri, tasarımın temel ilkeleri ile üretim yapıp yapmadığını tespit etmektir. Literatürde yer alan mimarlığın temel ilkelerinin veya bugün hala tartışılan ilkeler doğrultusunda yapıların tasarlanmasının insanoğlunun gelişmişliğiyle değil içinde var olduğu düşünülen temel dürtülerle ortaya çıkabileceği; bu nedenle Neolitik Dönem insanının da bu ilkeleri kullanmış olabileceğini araştırmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla başlatılan çalışmada öncelikli olarak mimarlığın temel ilkeleri üzerine, tarihsel süreçte oluşturulan temel kuramlar, biçimsel ve anlamsal yapılanmayı etkileyecek olan Neolitik Dönem toplumsal, sosyal yapısı ve inanış sistemleri, bu sistemler ile birlikte şekillenen Neolitik Dönem yapı türleri ve mimarlığın temel ilkeleri kapsamında yapı türleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda; incelenen Anadolu Neolitik Dönem yerleşmelerinde mimarlığın temel ilkelerinin üretilen kuramsal yaklaşımlarla ilişkisi tespit edilecektir.

왕슈(王澍)의 수안산거(水岸山居) 건축 외부공간의 특성에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the design philosophy in the works of architect Wang Shu's ‘Suan Shanger’ and analyze the external spatial meaning associated with factors such as viewpoints, circulation, and materials that appear in the design process to examine the characteristics of the external space shown in Wang Shu's architecture. As a research method, first, Wang Shu's theory of architectural background and principle is considered, and the characteristics, circulation, and outer space of architectural space shown in his architectural theory and works are mainly studied. The analysis will be conducted on Wang Shu's ‘Suan Shanger’ architectural works, and will be studied by analyzing his works, essays and interviews. The introduction presents the background, purpose, scope, and method of research, and presents the framework of analysis based on his work, architectural design process, and major design vocabulary, and analyzes and organizes the exterior space implemented in ‘Suan Shanger’ architecture in three aspects based on this framework. Wang shu's architecture has three characteristics: first, the expression of the outer space by the point of view unfolds according to the direction of the user's circulation, and this point is not only considered at one point, but it is composed of three different perspectives (Look up, Deep, and Plain). Second, the diverse circulations of the outer space induce the users' various visual changes and spatial experiences. Third, the material composition of the outer space solved the problem by extracting ideas based on tradition and finding a way to respond by harmonizing them with modern architectural materials. Wang Shu, the representative of Chinese architecture, shows his values and guidelines by combining his architectural design with landscape and city through the external space embodied in ‘Suan Shanger’.

Die internationalen erben des bauhauses im fokus / Bauhaus Project: Focus on International Style Heirs

Research aim is to find out the features of the project bau1haus, which explores the architectural heritage of the Bauhaus in a global context through the art of photography; systematize approaches to the interaction of the photographer with the aesthetics of the building; to record the results of the study in terms of identifying the values of the interaction of the Bauhaus architectural style with the basic principles of architecture of different countries, and its metamorphosis in the present. Research methodology is based on the method of de construction, which involves the study of visual language in altered conditions with the help of conceptual photography. Scientific novelty. The article considers the place of the Bauhaus in the aspect of the international architectural phenomenon, the style of which is uniquely incorporated into the urban landscapes of different countries and still creates their modern face. The scientific novelty lies in a generalized review of the point events and phenomena during the twentieth century that makes up the evolution of the Bauhaus. The article also presents a unique photographic material – Bauhaus buildings, which were found during the cultural explorations of the photographer J. Molitor in countries of different continents. Some buildings are already in disrepair, others have stopped social time, and others – are restored and functioning in full force. It is important for the photographer to accurately reproduce the image of the building in order to reveal as much as possible its entire socio-cultural context. The study revealed the peculiarities of the photographer’s work: his main task is not only to capture a building. It is important to rethink it in preparation for photography and during it in the aspect of modern life, from the perspective of the coexistence of Bauhaus architecture and the man of the globalized digital society. Conclusions. As a result of scientific and artistic research in the framework of the bau1haus project, a network of architects was identified, which becomes clear through the use of similar methods and approaches, as well as influence the general trends of the time. An important result of the bau1haus project is the identification of the interaction of the former aesthetics of the building with modernity, its visual significance in the changed conditions. This was made possible by conceptual photography, which was performed using a systematic approach of the photographer through the understanding of the built-in structure in space. The work done has revealed the essential aspects of modernism, much of which is between the two world wars. The formation, development, and metamorphosis of the forms and methods generated by Bauhaus are also recorded with the help of photography. This is important for the transmission of cultural heritage to future generations and to stimulate further research.

Evaluation of the Dormitories in the Physical and Psychological Requirements: The Case of Karabük Province

Purpose The aim of this paper is to investigate the problems of meeting students’ housing needs in many cities that could not adapt to this change with its infrastructure against the rapid increase in the number of Turkish universities and students, who are educated in these institutions, in recent years. In addition, it is to develop alternative suggestions concerned with design criteria for increasing qualifications of the dormitories as one of the primary housing alternatives for students. Design/Methodology/Approach Users’ preferences and their management are very important for especially multi-user design processes. Hence, through a survey, it was planned to determine the physical conditions and the spatial characteristics of the existing dormitories beside their conformities in terms of the users’ satisfaction. At the end of the extensive literature research, the evaluation criteria which included basic psychological (privacy, sense of crowded, belonging and socializing, etc.) and physical (dorm rooms, social and service areas in the dorms and the dorms’ environment, etc.) factors were prepared for the survey. Then their validity was tested via the survey questions and the SPSS software. The obtained findings in the study were discussed in the frame of previous literature researches and their results. Evaluations were made in terms of the development of architectural planning principles of dormitory buildings. Findings Some outstanding findings and evaluations were listed as increasing the more customized using areas in the rooms, rehabilitation of study areas, multiplying variations of study and socializing areas, organizing social areas as partial units instead of the only central space for different functions, avoiding large-scale dormitories for decreasing the perception of crowded sense, creating flexible environments according to the conditions, etc. Besides, although the spatial planning of the dormitories was commonly compatible with the standards, the organization disorders like overcapacity and change of functions have been found to cause dissatisfaction. Many of these are thought to be innovative inputs for the design stages of dormitory buildings even if design contexts are different. Research Limitations/Implications The survey is conducted in Karabuk with 250 students from different faculties in Karabuk University whose development process has significantly affected the city and the city life in the last decade. So, the conditions of dormitories in Karabuk are examined. Practical Implications it is necessary to consider the users’ opinions and expectations about these buildings in the frame of their changing lifestyles and thus to review the criteria and approaches in designs of such buildings. Social Implications The fast and immediate solutions which have been done without considering in detail are often not useful. So, on behalf of solving this rapidly growing problem which has encountered in many cities in similar ways, improving them in line with the current user needs and thus increasing qualities in the students’ education and life standards, it is important to examine the conditions of the dormitory buildings which have been constructed or will be constructed. Originality/Value In this study, unlike the other dormitory studies, the design problems and user interactions have been evaluated with a more holistic approach from interior organization to the decisions on an urban scale.

A weighted multi-objective optimisation approach to improve based facade aperture sizes in terms of energy, thermal comfort and daylight usage

In building design, the decision-makers should not focus only on energy efficiency as a single objective but indoor environmental quality indicators, such as thermal comfort, daylight usage and so on, should also be considered as a part of building performance. The building performance can be ensured by determining the proper performance indicators and the variables during the design. In this context, a weighted (among the objectives) multi-objective cost function was proposed, for the optimisation of energy, thermal comfort and daylight usage of a case study archetype design, through the selected design variables, considering the base architectural design principles as well. A typical social housing archetype design was determined as the case study to apply the proposed approach. The window sizes are optimised for each orientation simultaneously, for a temperate-humid climatic region. The results were evaluated in terms of improvement potentials of energy, thermal comfort and daylight performances, and the dominant values for the window sizes for each facade. According to the results, the optimised scenario achieved an 11.42% reduction in primary energy use equivalent to 181.24 kWh/m2a, a 4.52% reduction in a predicted percentage of dissatisfied with 9.12%, and a reduction in lighting energy of 4.94% equivalent to 21.17 kWh/m2a. These reductions verify the possibility to achieve higher performances on each criterion.

5G service delivery platform: 360 VR vertical as an example

Operators have been adopting the cloud‐native paradigm for the roll‐out of 5G architecture. With it goes the introduction of the service‐based architecture as a key design pattern for realizing future control‐ and ultimately user‐planes of mobile networks. The main benefits of this new design pattern are increased flexibility, meaning new business cases may be addressed while maintaining competitive cost levels, and also the ability to realize use cases which historically have required the full breadth of infrastructure level knowledge. We present a realization of a service delivery platform entirely built upon service‐based architecture principles.

Material saving and building component efficiency as main eco-design principles for membrane architecture: case - studies of ETFE enclosures

ABSTRACT Compared to the traditional materials, textile membrane and foil structural enclosures use minimal quantity of materials to cover spaces or close façades, thanks especially to their tensioning ability, by shaping themselves to the forces ways, with a few additional stiffening components. However the environmental compatibility, due to their actual fossil fuel origin, together with the thermal, optical, and acoustic performances are crucial factors to be verified during the design phase. The need of understanding their potentials and limits in terms of eco-efficiency is on the debate. Starting from these concepts, the aim of the research is to demonstrate the advantages of the Life Cycle Design strategy answering to the environmental sustainability of membrane building components.The authors found out two eco-efficiency principles for the application of membranes and foils, orienting the designers towards a more sustainable whole life spanned lightweight technology’s choice. The main advancement of this research is presented adding new ETFE membranes case studies to the initial analysis (Monticelli, Zanelli, 2016). The aim of this ex-post application of the principles on built examples is the demonstration of their validness for the designer’s need and the intention is to spread their use during the early design stage. The calculation on a wider and different use of membranes allowed to sketch benchmark reference rates. The results of the data analysis show how lightweight technologies offer a high degree of freedom in shaping geometries and forms, while only their optimized application can guarantee a sustainable and LCA effective result.

"Urbanistic Architecture" According to Raul Lino

Over a period of nearly one hundred years, Raul Lino (1879-1974) experienced the profound political, social and economic changes that marked the twentieth century in Portugal. Having been born during the Constitutional Monarchy (1822-1910), he lived through the First Republic (1910-1926), the Military Dictatorship (1926-1933), the Second Republic, or Estado Novo (New State, 1933-1974), and died shortly after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, at the dawning of the Third Republic. He was an architect who published prolifically in Portugal, having become known through his advocacy of the Campanha da casa Portuguesa (Portuguese House Campaign), which provoked a great deal of controversy. The debate peaked with the Polémica da casa Portuguesa (Polemic of the Portuguese house) at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in 1970, after the inauguration of the retrospective exhibition on Raul Lino. He is less known for the quality of his transversal synthesis conceived between urbanism, architecture, the decorative arts, and its underlying affirmation of an idea of the city, which we conjecture from our analysis of his narrative. This analysis concentrates on eleven case studies that encompasses architectural projects, urbanistic plans and technical advice limited to the first half of the 20th century. The broad, cross-disciplinary position of Lino was defended in the same year as the First National Architecture Congress (1948), whose proposals ratified in Portugal the orthodoxy principles of modern architecture and urban planning for the new universal man-type, established in 1933 by the International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM). Quoting Aristotle, Raul Lino conceived the city as the locus of happiness, shaping forms of consensus between tradition and modernity by means of an architecture at the scale of man and in proportion to his circumstance, consistently outlining a modern possibility of continuity.

Re-Design Homestay Lokal Selaras Dengan Industri Pariwisata

For a house that is in a tourism location, the house not only functions as a residence, but also has a high economic value, which can be rented and combined with other businesses so as to maximize profits. Nevertheless, the customs and traditions of Balinese Culture and local wisdom must still be preserved. Sanur Village is one of the tourist destinations in Bali which is very well known to foreign countries with its traditions and natural beauty. Sanur is a tourist area where most of the local people become tourism operators. The houses where people live are traditional and religious places of activity, as well as being a place of business in tourism or supporting tourism facilities. For example, it is used for homestays including supporting facilities, such as restaurants, spas, loundries, bicycles or motorbike rental, and also cooperation as promotion agents for other tourist attractions. For this reason, a planned arrangement is needed in the form of a master plan from the area of the resident's house so that it remains private to be occupied with the family, that is, as a place to live as well as a place to perform traditional ceremonies /events, and also to have privacy for guests who stay overnight. Sanur Homestay is one of the many homestays in Sanur that is owned and managed by the local community. With a fairly large area of land like most house land in the village, the arrangement of the building is still not optimal, where the owner's activity and circulation still mingle with the guests' activities and circulation. Likewise for the standard of accommodation facilities it still needs to be added to maximize services. Planning is done by collecting site and existing buildings data, then grouping which buildings are permanent and which ones are suitable for renovation. Then designed new facilities in the form of buildings for homestays, restaurants, spas, front offices, service areas, and site management in the form of swimming pools and open spaces. The design is carried out with the concept of applying the principles of Traditional Balinese Architecture, namely the application of the Nawa Sanga concept on site zoning and the application of the Tri Angga concept to the appearance figure of the building, which is combined with Modern Tropical Architecture.

KAJIAN KONSEP EKOLOGIS PADA GEDUNG PERPUSTAKAAN PUSAT UGM


 
 
 Title: The Study of Ecological Concept in the Central Library of Gadjah Mada University
 Ecological architecture becomes one of the concept as well as solutions in the building design which minimizes environmental damages and maintains the quality of human life. The central library of Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta is used as the research object to rate its ecological level. This study uses a quantitative method to rate its ecological level based on the ecological design principles of Sim Van der Ryn such as ecological accounting, design with nature, and making nature visible. The assessment parameters are based on some references such as the greenship of GBCI, the principles of tropical architecture, and the principle of building accessibility. The results showed that generally, the library has applied ecological concept well through some strategies such as extensive greening, energy efficiency, adequate natural lighting, slim building masses, shading elements, and some facilities for the difable. Some measurements are done to find out the ecological performance of the building such as energy efficiency by 39.17%; daylighting 300 lux at 60.67% of indoor area, visualization of solar radiation reception, and OTTV value by 19,85 watt/m2. However, there are some necessary evaluations such as leakage on the ceiling or the application of greenroof that can be further optimized.
 
 

The principles of synchronization in the distributed information systems

Information, especially its automated processing, is still an important factor in improving the efficiency of any organization. Distributed information systems (IS, ISs) differ from conventional ISs in architectural and infrastructural principles, as well as in the geographic location with integration into one information cluster. One of the examples of distributed information systems is the infrastructure of the Google search engine - more than 2,000 servers, with server bases in almost every country in the world, which allows achieving a minimum delay in sending and receiving client requests. A distributed information system can have a large number of different databases, both local and remote, with which constant data synchronization is required, while maintaining a backup copy of previous data in case of failures and emergency stops. Distributed information systems are highly reliable and require multi-level protection of the cluster from unauthorized access, adherence to the principles of data synchronization, which differ from a conventional information system. Within the framework of this paper, synchronization processes are investigated using mathematical and computational tools, creating an environment for distributed information systems. It is advisable to use the results of the work to coordinate the operation of components of multi-agent systems for various purposes, transmit messages between agents, build communication protocols, and provide conditions for self-organization of multi-agent systems.

ПЕРЕХОД ОТ НЕФОРМАЛЬНЫХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЙ К УСТОЙЧИВЫМ

The article is devoted to the features of informal settlement in Addis Ababa and the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations and public participation in the sustainable development of informal settlements. The purpose of the article is to identify the main types and characteristics of informal settlements and to reveal the factors that hinder the success of programs for updating informal settlements in the city. The research methods were the analysis and generalization of domestic and foreign literature on this research problem. The main conclusion of this study is that the principles of folk architecture are integral components of solutions for the sustainable development of informal settlements.

КОНЦЕПЦИИ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ В ЙЕМЕНЕ

This article discusses the main aspects of the location of primary health care facilities in Yemen. We studied the requirements directly for the site of such medical care institutions. It is also revealed how to determine the correct orientation of the building center. In addition, the functional components and construction sites of primary care facilities are described. The components of a medical center include: the first floor – a medical center, the second floor - a doctor's apartment, a security room, an electric generator, an incinerator for medical waste, and a fence for a medical center. The article defines the architectural principles and elements of the project of medical centers. These elements of the project of primary health care institutions include: the main entrance, administrative department, medical services section, examination rooms, rest rooms, radiology room, surgical ward, pharmacy, mechanics section. The general design assumptions for the building of primary health care are discussed. Design standards for these institutions are identified.