Architectural Organization Research Articles

Direct observation of oriented behavior of actin filaments interacting with desmin intermediate filaments

BackgroundAssociations between actin filaments (AFs) and intermediate filaments (IFs) are frequently observed in living cells. The crosstalk between these cytoskeletal components underpins cellular organization and dynamics; however, the molecular basis of filamentous interactions is not fully understood. Here, we describe the mode of interaction between AFs and desmin IFs (DIFs) in a reconstituted in vitro system. MethodsAFs (rabbit skeletal muscle) and DIFs (chicken gizzard) were labeled with fluorescent dyes. DIFs were immobilized on a heavy meromyosin (HMM)-coated collodion surface. HMM-driven AFs with ATP hydrolysis was assessed in the presence of DIFs. Images of single filaments were obtained using fluorescence microscopy. Vector changes in the trajectories of single AFs were calculated from microscopy images. ResultsAF speed transiently decreased upon contact with DIF. The difference between the incoming and outgoing angles of a moving AF broadened upon contact with a DIF. A smaller incoming angle tended to result in a smaller outgoing angle in a nematic manner. The percentage of moving AFs decreased with an increasing DIF density, but the speed of the moving AFs was similar to that in the no-desmin control. An abundance of DIFs tended to exclude AFs from the HMM-coated surfaces. ConclusionsDIFs agitate the movement of AFs with the orientation. DIFs can bind to HMMs and weaken actin–myosin interactions. General significanceThe study indicates that apart from the binding strength, the accumulation of weak interactions characteristic of filamentous structures may affect the dynamic organization of cell architecture.

Adhesion and Polarity protein distribution-regulates hexagon dominated plasma membrane organization in Drosophila blastoderm embryos.

Epithelial cells contain polarity complexes on the lateral membrane and are organized in a hexagon-dominated polygonal array. The mechanisms regulating the organization of polygonal architecture in metazoan embryogenesis are not completely understood. Drosophila embryogenesis enables mechanistic analysis of epithelial polarity formation and its impact on polygonal organization. The plasma membrane (PM) of syncytial Drosophila blastoderm embryos is organized as a polygonal array with pseudocleavage furrow formation during the almost synchronous cortical division cycles. We find that polygonal (PM) organization arises in the metaphase (MP) of division cycle 11, and hexagon dominance occurs with an increase in furrow length in the metaphase of cycle 12. There is a decrease in cell shape index in metaphase from cycles 11 to 13. This coincides with Drosophila E-cad (DE-cadherin) and Bazooka enrichment at the edges and the septin, Peanut at the vertices of the furrow. We further assess the role of polarity and adhesion proteins in pseudocleavage furrow formation and its organization as a polygonal array. We find that DE-cadherin depletion leads to decreased furrow length, loss of hexagon dominance, and increased cell shape index. Bazooka and Peanut depletion lead to decreased furrow length, delay in onset of hexagon dominance from cycle 12 to 13, and increased cell shape index. Hexagon dominance occurs with an increase in furrow length in cycle 13 and increased DE-cadherin, possibly due to the inhibition of endocytosis. We conclude that polarity protein recruitment and regulation of endocytic pathways enable pseudocleavage furrow stability and the formation of a hexagon-dominated polygon array.

Spatiotemporal and cell-state control of antigen presentation during tolerance and immunity.

Effective adaptive immunity is rendered possible by highly organized tissue architecture and coordinated cellular crosstalk. While detailed spatiotemporal analyses of antigen presentation and adaptive immune activation in secondary lymphoid tissues have been a major focus of study, it is clear that antigen presentation in other tissues also plays a critical role in shaping the immune response. In this article, we concentrate on two opposing aspects of adaptive immunity: tolerance and antitumor immunity, to illustrate how a complex set of antigen presentation mechanisms contributes to maintaining a delicate balance between robust immunity and avoidance of autoimmune pathology. We emphasize the importance of how immune cell identity, state, and location collectively determine the nature of adaptive immune responses.

4차산업 기술 중소기업의 비즈니스모델혁신

This study aims to examine the causal link among three constructs of corporate entrepreneurship strategy - an entrepreneurial strategic vision, organizational architecture, and entrepreneurial orientation -, business model innovation, and performance, with a focus on the moderating effect of environmental munificence. Building on literature review regarding key constructs, hypotheses are developed and tested using data collected from 301 small and medium sized venture firms. The data are based on the 2022 Factual Survey of Entrepreneurship (Firm level) conducted by Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation. Results show that the three constructs of corporate entrepreneurship strategy are found to have a significantly positive effect on business model innovation, which sequentially affects the outcome. The environmental munificence has a significantly negative moderating effect on the association between both the strategic vision and entrepreneurial orientation and business model innovation, while having a non-significant impact on the link between organizational architecture and the innovation. These results indicate that the corporate entrepreneurship strategy can serve as a useful means which contributes to the performance-oriented business model innovation. The findings imply that, in a fast-changing business environment by the 4th industrial revolution, resource-constrained small and medium-sized firms should focus on a strategic vision and entrepreneurial orientation to have the innovative business model.

Startup Competitions Decoded: Unpacking the Phenomenon's Dimensions

Drawing on a typological theorizing style (Cornelissen, 2017), this paper investigates and deconstructs the fuzzy nature of startup competitions (Cornelissen, Höllerer and Seidl, 2021). Despite the pivotal role that startup competitions play in promoting innovation and shaping policies related to business creation and welfare there exists a scarcity of comprehensive research that thoroughly investigates the organizational architecture and overall effects of these contests on entrepreneurial ecosystems’ actors. Furthermore, the presence of conceptual fragmentation necessitates a process of synthesis to prevent the dispersion of scientific efforts and to enhance understanding of the essence and constituents of the phenomenon (Ferreira, Fernandes and Ratten, 2016; Howard and Crayne, 2019; Law, Wong and Mobley, 1998). The methodology utilized in this study is a validated approach that combines a systematic literature review with subsequent inductive analysis of the selected articles (Thomas and Tee, 2022). This article makes two distinct contributions to the existing body of literature. First, this study contributes to the startup competitions and entrepreneurship literature by providing a typological theoretical framework that examines the conceptual dimensions of this phenomenon. Additionally, this research seeks to identify the key actors involved in these competitions and emphasize the potential of utilizing such events as intervention tools at micro and macro-organizational levels. Furthermore, this study makes a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature that examines the intersection of entrepreneurship and organizational studies. This study presents a theoretical framework that focuses on the unique characteristics of organizational actors involved. It illustrates the potential design of multiple SUCs architectures based on the objectives and deliberate impacts that these actors aim to achieve. From the perspective of managerial implications, this work provides fuel for thought and a practical instrument for all organizations that intend to conduct a startup competition on purpose. This paper functions as an in-depth guide for all relevant stakeholders, including organizers, participants, accelerators, incubators, and other involved actors. This phenomenon illustrates how each actor is prompted to take action upon acquiring a specific scope.

Organizational architecture of strategic entrepreneurial firms for digital transformation: A bibliometric analysis

Organization architecture is the design of an organization that will be able to continuously provide value for present and future firms while optimizing and structuring itself. The study focuses on building blocks for strategic entrepreneurial firms for digital transformation. In the recent era, with volatile customer needs, pandemic situations, and technological development or disruption, organization design has been shifted to a new perspective. Many industry leaders and managers believed industry/firm transformation is associated with the adoption of new technology, but although technologies often play a great role, they have never transformed a firm on their own. Consequently, this study re-actualizes the organizational architecture of digitization and its need for transformation. The discussion starts with a quick overview of the existing literature on organizational design, as well as its key advantages and disadvantages. The study adopted a hybrid approach in the form of a configuration approach and bibliometric methodologies viz. Citation Network Analysis (CNA) and Social Network Analysis (SNA). Based on the hybrid approach, the study identified various dimensions of organizational culture and structure for strategic entrepreneurial firms that deserve to be more careful consideration in digital transformation. The conclusions show that it is necessary to redesign the architecture of the incumbents so that they are ready to embrace the digital environment.

Learning from Japanese Businesses: Ethics in Operational Excellence

Humanistic management in a non-Western context is underexplored, for example, in Japan. Despite numerous publications especially on Japanese management in the 1980s to 1990s the topic of humanistic management in a Japanese context remains largely unexplored. Using Toyota as a case, this article illustrates how a company has systematically implemented Japanese ethical principles based upon Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, and Shintoism in its corporate ethics and operations. These moral philosophies emphasize self-improvement, social cooperation, and contribution to society as foundations for good behavior regardless of an individual’s social position. We link some of these philosophic elements with humanistic management in an Asian context. In addition, we came to understand that Toyota’s organizational architecture, i.e., production system and product development rely on an integrated ethical system as their fundamental purpose of business activities, including an expectation that all workers collectively contribute to organizational success and harmony. This differs from many Western approaches which see profit as the purpose of the firm and view their ethical responsibilities in an ex-post fashion. These findings are important, as the scope of humanistic management practices globally needs to be expanded.

A Bioengineering‐Regenerative Medicine Approach for Ocular Surface Reconstruction Using a Functionalized Native Cornea‐Derived Bio‐Scaffold

AbstractLimbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is characterized by the loss of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) which compromises corneal transparency, leading to blindness. It cannot be treated with pharmacological or corneal transplantation interventions, instead a specialized stem cell (SC) therapy is needed to restore eye health and sight. Herein, a native cornea‐derived biomaterial, a by‐product of a laser refractive surgical procedure called small incision lenticule extraction is identified as a new cell delivery matrix. Culture conditions are optimized to facilitate LESC attachment, expansion and stratification, and their identity is immunophenotyped. Using electron microscopy, bio‐constructs display stratification, similar to the architectural and cellular organization of a native mammalian cornea with formation of a basement membrane and an orderly array of collagen fibrils. Neuronal growth and depleted CD45+/CD14+ leukocytes on lenticules are also shown, suggesting that in transplantation experiments, they will re‐innervate and not trigger a host‐mediated immune response. Finally, human lenticules are geometrically customized to successfully fit them over a LSCD murine cornea ex vivo, during which they maintain curvature. The authors are poised to conduced similar studies in live mice using these and other carriers currently used in the clinic to compare SC therapy outcomes.

Corporate culture and organizational architecture

Corporate culture and organizational architecture

Founding complexes of multi-stage mathematical and informational tasks in the hybrid intellectual environment of school mathematics

Introduction. The development of educational motivation and creativity of each student is possible in the conditions of complex knowledge level adaptation with the support of hybrid intelligent systems. The multiplicity of goal-setting and choice, the symbiosis of mathematical and computer modeling become the real result of founding complexes mastering multi-stage mathematical and informational tasks in student’s research activity in secondary school. These processes lead to each student’s self-organization and cultures dialogue, support for the development of scientific knowledge methods and modern achievements in science adaptation to school mathematics. The main objective of the study is the development of methodological, substantive and technological foundations of the design and actualization of digital transformation processes and hybrid intellectual environment support of student’s scientific potential growth. Support of hybrid intellectual environment in the development of hierarchical bases and founding complexes of multi-stage mathematical and informational tasks in student’s research activities are revealed. Materials and methods. Using the methods of visual modeling and founding of personal experience, the architecture, parameters and functional organization of the intellectual management of each student’s design and research activities in a rich information and educational environment of complex mathematical knowledge mastering are determined. Founding complexes research of multy-stage mathematical and informational tasks are presented as mechanism of each student’s scientific potential growth. Mathematical and computer modeling is the main instrument of modern achievements in science adaptation to school mathematics. Results. We propose the following typology and stages of design levels of student’s research activity in hybrid intellectual environment: search-reproductive, empirical, theoretical and creative. The architecture, content and structure support of hybrid neural environment determine the factors of effective growth of each student’s scientific potential. The technological stages of founding procedures into the adaptation processes of complex knowledge introduction (modern achievements of science) to school mathematics reveal the orientation and essence of pedagogical innovations. The model of founding generalized cluster for the adapting process of complex knowledge mastering (using the example of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic) integrates the motivational, meaningful and applied complexes to support the creative activity of each student. Conclusions. The implementation of these stages led to synergetic effects manifestation and phenomenological type of modeling reflection of generalized construct essence and each student’s research activity with hybrid neural environment to support the growth of student’s scientific potential.

Popularization of Books from the Scientific and Technical Library Collections: Holding Intellectual Games and Book Illustrative Exhibitions

The Central Scientific and Technical Library for Construction and Architecture (CSTL C&A) in Moscow is the leading library of the Russian Federation in these areas. The library stock contains more than 1 million items of specialized literature, including foreign books and periodicals, and its readers are scholars and researchers from construction and architectural organizations, professors from the higher education institutions, as well as students of specialized colleges and institutes. Starting from 2022, the library has been actively engaged in cultural and educational activities, introducing new formats of events and developing interaction with audiences of different age groups, attracting more and more students from specialized colleges and universities.The purpose of the article is to present the experience of CSTL C&A in popularizing books from its collections by means of holding intellectual games and book illustrative exhibitions. The prerequisites for the introduction of a new format of educational activities into the cultural activities of the institution are considered, the course of the game is described and nuances of its preparation are analyzed.The e xperience presented by the author at the XXVII Annual Conference of the Russian Library Association “Library – the cultural code of Russia” can be useful for libraries with collections of limited usage, since it provides visitors with the opportunity to familiarize themselves with literature during the event.

Maximizing ERP Benefits with Enterprise Architecture: A Holistic Approach

Enterprise Resource Planning systems must strategically align with Enterprise Architecture to maximize benefits. In a business environment that is undergoing rapid change, organizations increasingly rely on ERP systems to integrate and streamline operations. However, the complete potential of ERP benefits may only be realized with an approach encompassing the entire organizational architecture. This study examines the importance of aligning ERP implementation with EA principles to establish a cohesive technological ecosystem. Organizations can facilitate seamless interactions and data flows by harmonizing business processes, data structures, applications, and technology infrastructure, allowing for efficient decision-making and resource optimization. The abstract describes how EA provides a structured blueprint to guide the integration of ERP systems, assuring compatibility, minimizing redundancies, and maximizing overall system efficiency. By conducting a comprehensive literature review and case study analysis, this study demonstrates the benefits of an integrated approach, including increased visibility, reduced operational divisions, improved scalability, and faster response to changes. The abstract also emphasizes the role of EA in adapting and evolving ERP systems as business requirements change, enabling organizations to resolve challenges and proactively leverage emerging technologies. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the symbiotic relationship between EA and ERP by highlighting their combined ability to drive business growth, agility, and competitiveness. The abstract emphasizes the importance of strategic alignment. It guides practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers who wish to maximize the benefits of ERP implementations through a holistic Enterprise Architecture approach.

Design and Implementation of a Three-Dimensional CAD Graphics Support Platform for Pumps Based on Open CASCADE

In the pump industry, designers commonly utilize mainstream three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) software (Unigraphics NX 12.0 and SolidWorks 2023). However, these CAD packages are generic and not optimized for the specific requirements of the pump industry. This leads to a lack of flexibility and increased complexity in their usage, as well as higher computational demands, resulting in elevated learning and operational costs. Additionally, there are concerns about potential information leaks and software restrictions. In this paper, we studied the organization architecture of commercial three-dimensional CAD software, and compared and analyzed the geometric kernels and rendering engines of mainstream three-dimensional software. Using the Open CASCADE geometric kernel and OpenSceneGraph rendering engine, together with the Visual Studio 2021 development environment and Qt interface library, we developed an autonomous copyright three-dimensional CAD graphics support platform for pumps. Based on the three-dimensional platform, we tested the commonly used graphics elements and basic algorithms required for pump modeling, and successfully designed and modeled the impeller and volute casing of a centrifugal pump. Through computational simulations and experimental verifications, we demonstrated that the accuracy and precision of the pump model designed on this platform meets the design requirements, indicating that this platform has practical pump design and modeling capabilities. Compared to commercial three-dimensional CAD software, this platform exhibits superior flexibility and interactivity in three-dimensional modeling that is specifically tailored for pump products. Consequently, it fully satisfies the needs for three-dimensional parameterized modeling and visualization of pumps.

Architectural organization of ∼1,500-neuron modular minicolumnar disinhibitory circuits in healthy and Alzheimer’s cortices

Acquisition of neuronal circuit architectures, central to understanding brain function and dysfunction, remains prohibitively challenging. Here I report the development of a simultaneous and sequential octuple-sexdecuple whole-cell patch-clamp recording system that enables architectural reconstruction of complex cortical circuits. The method unveils the canonical layer 1 single bouquet cell (SBC)-led disinhibitory neuronal circuits across the mouse somatosensory, motor, prefrontal, and medial entorhinal cortices. The ∼1,500-neuron modular circuits feature the translaminar, unidirectional, minicolumnar, and independent disinhibition and optimize cortical complexity, subtlety, plasticity, variation, and redundancy. Moreover, architectural reconstruction uncovers age-dependent deficits at SBC-disinhibited synapses in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8, an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. The deficits exhibit the characteristic Alzheimer's-like cortical spread and correlation with cognitive impairments. These findings decrypt operations of the elementary processing units in healthy and Alzheimer's mouse cortices and validate the efficacy of octuple-sexdecuple patch-clamp recordings for architectural reconstruction of complex neuronal circuits.

The Body behind the Altar: The Transgression of Space and the Transformation of the Body in the Life and Revelations of Agnes Blannbekin

ABSTRACT Agnes Blannbekin’s description of her mystical experience on Easter morning, 1293, is a rare medieval account not only of the affective consequences of a spatial transgression in a church building but also of its direct implication in a spiritual revelation. According to her Life and Revelations, she heard a command to conceal herself behind an altar in the church of St. Michael, Vienna, where she would feel the pain of the Crucifixion. Her anguish at being so out of place in the church drove her to pray for her revelation to end and to be given the strength to leave. She provides, thus, a rare first-person account of how the gendered regulation of church space, so often in evidence in sources written by men, was manifested in an embodied, affective experience. The incident develops themes that extend across the Life, especially to other Easter-time revelations, and demonstrates the close attention Blannbekin often gave to architectural organization and ornamentation. This article describes how her account drew together associations that stretched across liturgical time, architectural setting, and literary precedent in order to evoke the profundity, and significance, of her bodily identification with the Passion.

Community and Privacy in a Hyper-Connected World

Christopher Alexander and Serge Chermayeff co-authored <em>Community and Privacy: Toward a New Architecture of Humanism</em> in 1963. This seminal contribution has largely been forgotten. Today, a human-centred framework is rarely discussed by researchers and practitioners, neither from a theoretical nor a pragmatic perspective. Nonetheless, some fundamental principles defined in that book 60 years ago are pertinent today in our hyper-connected world, and they have been illustrated by the need for human-centred housing during the recent Covid-19 pandemic. This commentary explains the spatial organization of domestic architecture that can support and sustain choices about private and public life in world of global networks, intrusions of social media, and increasing video surveillance that challenge our autonomy and privacy.

Evolution of the triplet BRCT domain

Organisms have evolved a complex system, called the DNA damage response (DDR), which maintains genome integrity. The DDR is responsible for identifying and repairing a variety of lesions and alterations in DNA. DDR proteins coordinate DNA damage detection, cell cycle arrest, and repair, with many of these events regulated by protein phosphorylation. In the human proteome, 23 proteins contain the BRCT (BRCA1 C‐Terminus domain) domain, a modular signaling domain that can bind phosphopeptides and mediate protein-protein interactions. BRCTs can be found as functional single units, tandem (tBRCT), triplet (tpBRCT), and quartet. Here we examine the evolution of the tpBRCT architecture present in TOPBP1 (DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1) and ECT2 (epithelial cell transforming 2), and their respective interaction partners RAD9 (Cell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9) and CYK-4 (Rac GTPase-activating protein 1), with a focus on the conservation of the phosphopeptide-binding residues. The pair TOPBP1-RAD9 arose with the Eukaryotes and ECT2-CYK-4 with the Eumetazoans. Triplet structural and functional characteristics were conserved in almost all organisms. The first unit of the triplet (BRCT0) is different from the other two BRCTs but conserved between orthologs for both TOPBP1 and ECT2. BRCT domain evolution simulations suggest a trend to retain the singlet or towards two or three BRCT copies per protein consistent with functional tBRCT and tpBRCT architectures. Our results shed light on the emergence of the function and architecture of multiple BRCT domain organizations and provide information about the evolution of the BRCT triplet. Knowledge of BRCT domain evolution can improve the understanding of DNA damage response mechanisms and signal transduction in DDR.

Perancangan Enterprise Architecture HMI Sampit Menggunakan TOGAF

The Islamic Student Association (HMI) is an umbrella organization with a clear model of being Indonesian and Islamic, providing a platform to train and develop leaders with honesty and quality determination, faith and responsibility. The factors that provide direction within the organization to adopt an Enterprise Architecture (EA) system are aimed at enhancing what the organization needs. Enterprise architecture or what can be called Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a description of the task in question consisting of knowledge, actions, direction from the organization and architectural performance parameters in the description of the design or plan and development of an integrated system. TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) is a framework that is widely used in creating enterprise or organizational architectures. TOGAF offers methods and tools for creating, running, implementing, and maintaining enterprise architectures in existing systems. The results of this study are in the form of a blueprint that is expected to be useful for organizations as material to assist IT development in HMI.

Organization Architecture Configurations for Successful Servitization

Despite the growing importance of servitization as a source of competitiveness for manufacturers, limited knowledge exists about organizational issues of servitization. Drawing on transaction cost economics theory and a configuration theoretical perspective, our study illuminates different organization architectures for servitization and how firms align such architectures with servitization approaches to achieve high financial performance. We analyze qualitative data based on interviews with 22 managers and quantitative data from a survey of 161 equipment manufacturers. The results indicate that manufacturers mostly opt for one of three organization architectures for servitization: internal product business unit, internal specialized service business unit, or external service provider. In addition, they reveal equifinal configurations of servitization characteristics to achieve high financial performance for each organization architecture. The internal specialized service business unit turns out as a flexible organization architecture to successfully provide smoothing, adapting, and substituting services. The use of an external service provider is less suited for the provision of adapting and substituting services, which require more knowledge specialization and coordination. All three organization architectures can be used to provide smoothing services. In summary, the results may serve as decision-making templates for aligning organization architecture, offering characteristics, and service provider integration to pursue servitization successfully.

Nuclear mRNPs are compact particles packaged with a network of proteins promoting RNA-RNA interactions.

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are at the center of the central dogma of molecular biology. In eukaryotic cells, these long ribonucleic acid polymers do not exist as naked transcripts; rather, they associate with mRNA-binding proteins to form messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes. Recently, global proteomic and transcriptomic studies have provided comprehensive inventories of mRNP components. However, knowledge of the molecular features of distinct mRNP populations has remained elusive. We purified endogenous nuclear mRNPs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by harnessing the mRNP biogenesis factors THO and Sub2 in biochemical procedures optimized to preserve the integrity of these transient ribonucleoprotein assemblies. We found that these mRNPs are compact particles that contain multiple copies of Yra1, an essential protein with RNA-annealing properties. To investigate their molecular and architectural organization, we used a combination of proteomics, RNA sequencing, cryo-electron microscopy, cross-linking mass spectrometry, structural models, and biochemical assays. Our findings indicate that yeast nuclear mRNPs are packaged around an intricate network of interconnected proteins capable of promoting RNA-RNA interactions via their positively charged intrinsically disordered regions. The evolutionary conservation of the major mRNA-packaging factor (yeast Yra1 and Aly/REF in metazoans) points toward a general paradigm governing nuclear mRNP packaging.