Object-oriented Architecture Research Articles

Features of the representation of architectural space in the painting works of Giorgio de Chirico

This article describes the features of the depiction of architectural space in the paintings of the surrealist artist Giorgio de Chirico. In general terms, surrealism is described as an artistic style of the early twentieth century, its emergence, distinctive features and semantic tasks; The questions in relation to Giorgio de Chirico are examined in more detail: from what architectural objects and constituent elements is the urban space of his paintings formed, what objects are the main semantic parts, the general universal architectural model of the formation of such a space in de Chirico’s compositions is described. The article describes the semiotic structure used by the master, reveals the concept and meaning of the term “metaphysical painting”, ways of reading a surreal work of art, and the playful nature of the interaction between the artist and the viewer. The article analyzes in detail the methods and features of constructing the internal space of the metaphysical works of this master, showing the constituent elements, methods, techniques, and techniques for organizing the composition of the painting. The significance of the image of architectural space in de Chirico’s works on modern man and the use of his artistic experience in our time is described.

Open-Source Software for Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Tiling for Novelty Architecture

Novelty architecture buildings can be tiled with conventional rectangular solar photovoltaic (PV) modules with both close-packed cells or partially transparent modules, vastly increasing renewable energy, reducing carbon emissions, and allowing for positive energy buildings. To enable this potential, in this study, for the first time, two open-source programs were developed and integrated to provide a foundation for designing and coating real-life novelty architecture buildings and objects with solar PV modules. First, a tiling algorithm was proposed and integrated into Blender that can generate solar PV modules on the face of any 3D model, and an augmented Python version of SAM was developed to simulate the performance of the resultant irregularly shaped PV systems. The integrated open-source software was used to analyze the energy performance of seven different novelty BIPVs located across the globe. The buildings’ energy performance was compared to conventional ground-based PV systems, and the results showed that the conventional arrays generate more energy per unit power than the BIPVs. The analysis reveals that the more complex the building model geometry, the less energy the building generates; however, the novelty BIPV power and energy densities far surpass conventional ground-based PV. The real estate savings observed were substantial, reaching 170% in one case where the BIPV reached 750 m in height. The BIPVs’ energy production is optimized by orienting the building via rotation and only needs to be carried out a single time for replication anywhere globally. The results show that the energy yield of the BIPV increases as the building becomes more detailed while the total power and energy decrease, indicating the need for the careful balancing of priorities in building design. Finally, the energy simulations demonstrate the potential for net-positive energy buildings and contribute to net-zero-emission cities. The findings indicate that BIPVs are not only appropriate for conventional residential houses and commercial buildings, but also for historical building replicas or monuments in the future. Further studies are needed to investigate the structural, electrical, and socio-economic aspects of novelty-architecture BIPVs.

Adaptive practices of working with industrial heritage in a historical settlement

Examples of industrial heritage located in a historical urban environment that have partially or completely lost their original function are considered. An analysis of world and domestic practices in working with similar objects is carried out, the possibility of their adaptation to use in the conditions of the historical settlement of the city of Samara is assessed. Based on the conducted research, a number of techniques have been identified that make it possible to competently adapt industrial facilities and industrial territories to modern use, while revealing their architectural, construction, historical and cultural potential. The above practices of working with industrial heritage objects can be applied when developing a strategy for the renovation of partially used or lost their original function historical objects of industrial architecture in the historical settlement of Samara and in a number of historical settlements with similar characteristics.

A Sustainable and Resilient Response to the Housing and Reintegration Problems of Displaced People from the NOSO’s Crisis Situations in Cameroon

The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive analysis of the living conditions and propose support mechanisms for displaced people from conflict zones in the NOSO who have taken refuge in the West region of Cameroon and a peace and security survey, focusing specifically on the Tchoualé neighborhood in Dschang. It highlights the need for improved services and facilities to adequately address the challenges faced by these populations. Through a detailed assessment, the research identifies gaps between existing services and the actual needs of the displaced, utilizing a SWOT analysis to provide insights into the current environment. Recommendations are proposed to enhance the capabilities of existing centers, expand service offerings, and involve displaced individuals more actively in center management. The article also outlines an adaptive architectural approach for designing a sustainable and resilient reception center that meets the unique needs of the displaced. Key architectural objectives, principles, and site-specific considerations are examined, including the use of local materials and eco-friendly construction techniques. This work contributes to a broader discussion on effective humanitarian responses, offering insights into the future of support systems for displaced populations in Cameroon and similar contexts.

The image of Kyiv in a landscape painting by a Ukrainian artist Serhiy Shyshka of the second half of the 20th century

The purpose of the article is to study the representation of the image of the city of Kyiv in the landscape painting of the outstanding Ukrainian artist S. Shyshko, through the prism of the author's artistic vision and stylistic development. Research methodology. Methods such as analytical and comparative art studies were used in the work, which made it possible to holistically consider the given problem and obtain scientifically based research results. Scientific novelty. The article first analyzes the artist's stylistic features, in particular the combination of realistic traditions with elements of impressionism, which are clearly visible in his works. The main topics, motives and techniques that characterize his creative path and the importance of the artist in the context of the development of Ukrainian art are considered. Conclusions. The article examines the work of the outstanding Ukrainian artist S. Shyshko, one of the leading masters of Ukrainian landscape painting of the 20th century, whose work left a significant mark on the artistic life of Ukraine of that period. The main attention is paid to his contribution to the development of landscape painting, in particular to the depiction of landscapes with views of the city of Kyiv. The importance of S. Shyshko as an artist who made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian art, in particular realistic landscape painting, and his influence on subsequent generations of Ukrainian artists is emphasized. The work of S. Shyshko is an important component of Ukrainian art of the 20th century, which clearly reflects the cultural and historical significance of Kyiv. His works, focused on the urban landscape, enrich our perception of Kyiv as a symbol of national identity, as a space that combines history, culture and natural beauty. Through masterful command of light, color and composition, Serhii Shishko was able to convey the multifaceted nature of Kyiv, showing it not only as an architectural or natural object, but as a place where the spiritual and the material are closely intertwined. The artistic image of Kyiv on the canvases of S. Shyshka serves as a kind of bridge between the past and the present, because the artist not only captured the appearance of the city at specific moments, but also conveyed its spirit, its eternal essence, which remains relevant decades later.

Andrey Kryachkov. The man who created the city

Andrey Dmitrievich Kryachkov is an outstanding architect, the founder of the Siberian architectural school, whose creative path is closely connected with the foundation of the future administrative and cultural capital of Siberia. The author of most of the iconic historical architectural objects of modern Novosibirsk, Kryachkov largely predetermined the aesthetic code of the young Siberian city at that time, combining traditions and innovations in regional architecture of the first half of the 20th century. The architecture of Kryachkov in the modern appearance of Novosibirsk continues to play a significant city-forming aesthetic role.

Reconstructing the environment of historic cities. Methods of incorporating new objects into the historic urban fabric

The presented study is aimed at identifying factors that significantly influence the patterns of designed development in the existing historical urban environment. The paper reviews theoretical grounds and design methods of architects and urban designers exploring the practice of incorporating new architectural objects into a semiotic, morphological and functional context. The time frame of the study was determined due to the relevance of the issue. Actually, cities built before the 20th century are characterized by the cohesion of urban fabric, hierarchy of elements, calibrated silhouette and perception angles of the environment, while modern cities or modern inclusions lack these properties and look scattered and sporadic. The paper suggests two possible reasons behind that: the architects from before the 20th century appeared much skillful than their followers; or the professional architects and urban designers are consciously inclined to the separateness of buildings and their incoherence with the environment. The analysis revealed a number of approaches: three-part construction of architectural form, space as a structure of relations, formalization of the object to structural content, spatial structure of residential environment as socio-spatial bodies, spatial grids, continuity, coherence of the building fabric, navigation factor, formal similarity, relation to the urban framework.

THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL AND ETHNIC FACTORS ON THE MODERN ARCHITECTURE OF WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in preserving and integrating ethnic heritage in architectural projects, reflecting the desire to preserve historical and cultural identity. The region of Western Kazakhstan, which has a rich historical past, was chosen as the object of the study.This article is a review and comparative analysis of scientific publications devoted to the study of the influence of cultural and ethnic factors on architectural trends in this region. The study examines key areas in which cultural and ethnic diversity is reflected in architectural solutions.The authors of the reviewed publications pay special attention to the following aspects: preserving traditional architectural forms, introducing ethnic motifs into modern buildings and integrating cultural symbols into the urban environment. The article also provides a comparative analysis of architectural objects, studying the influence of various ethnic groups, such as Kazakhs, Russians, Tatars and others, on the architectural appearance of Western Kazakhstan. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of cultural heritage and modern architectural trends.In addition, the article discusses the issues of preserving cultural identity in the context of globalization and urbanization. The findings highlight the importance of taking into account cultural and ethnic factors when creating architectural projects, which contributes to the formation of a harmonious and culturally significant urban environment. The research identified key issues related to the insufficient use of historical and cultural elements in modern design and proposed solutions to this dilemma. Contemporary architecture of Western Kazakhstan, representing a complex interaction of traditions and innovations, occupies an important place in the context of global architectural trends and contributes to the international scientific discussion on the preservation of cultural heritage in the context of globalization.

Workplace happiness in architectural companies in the city of Valencia: a gender comparison

IntroductionHow to make work life increasingly meaningful and ensuring that business actions aim at improving quality of life is a trending topic. Yet, it has not often been studied within architectural firms, that play a crucial role in achieving sustainable development goals, especially those related to equity, equality, and the creation of pleasant work environments. This study aims to identify whether there are gender differences in the perception and levels of workplace happiness of individuals working within architectural companies in Valencia (Spain).MethodsA mixed methodology based on qualitative and quantitative data has been applied with a sample of 201 workers from 60 practices.ResultsParticipants perceive themselves as flourishing and quite happy at work. Yet, there are gender differences in the factors that motivate workplace happiness. While women prioritize the work environment, their colleagues and teams, men point out to career development. Thus, recognition, appreciation, feeling valued and goals and achievements are among the main drivers of men’s workplace happiness. In addition, women tend to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, anger, or sadness more frequently than men. Given these results, architectural companies face a considerable challenge.DiscussionThe research examines the relationship between workplace happiness and social sustainability in architectural firms, highlighting the importance of human capital for competitiveness. To promote sustainability and well-being at work, it is crucial to understand how organizational decisions impact employee well-being and to know the differences in perceptions of workplace happiness between men and women. This analysis may be of interest to the architectural firms object of this research.

Territorial Devaluation of Architectural Objects: Reasons and Ways to Overcome

Territorial Devaluation of Architectural Objects: Reasons and Ways to Overcome

Digital Architectural Archives – Aesthetic Reading

My aim in this paper is to examine the impact of digital technology on the perception and practice of architecture. Online activities leave discernible traces, challenging the traditional ontological view of the subject’s independence from the material world. I will offer an exploration of the Internet’s role as the primary communication medium transforms architectural practice, emphasizing digital archives and distribution. Platforms like Pinterest, ArchDaily, and Instagram have transformed how architectural practices are shared and consumed, cultivating a new culture of multimodal communication. Within this context, I will discuss how digital technologies have profoundly altered perceptions of materiality, space, and information. I will explore how architects and artists now operate within an interconnected network of social, economic, and technological forces, moving away from traditional media to embrace digital fragmentation. This shift impacts how architectural objects are perceived, from complete forms to fragmented digital representations that are accessible to a global audience.

ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL RESOURCES OF THE NADWIEPRZAŃSKI LANDSCAPE PARK

A landscape park is one of the legal forms of nature protection in Poland. It is a protected area due to its natural, historical, cultural and landscape values for preserving and popularising. The Nadwieprzański Landscape Park is located in southeastern Poland, on the middle section of the Wieprz River. The Park was established in 1990 and covers an area of over 6,000ha. The research aimed to identify resources, recognise threats and develop guidelines for protecting the cultural heritage elements of the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park. In the Park, there are monuments from various historical periods, e.g., former fortified settlements, castles, palaces and manor houses, churches, synagogues, war and religious cemeteries, granges, distilleries, mills, railway stations and small objects of sacral architecture, i.e., crosses and roadside shrines. In addition to immovable monuments, an essential part of the region’s intangible cultural heritage is a tradition in the form of holiday customs and rituals, legends and traditional crafts. It is impossible not to mention people associated with the region, their knowledge of this subject and the need to document oral traditions. Protection and preservation of heritage for future generations and rational use of environmental resources significantly affect the constant and sustainable economic development and may improve the standard of living of the local population. Unfortunately, many changes occurred within the Park due to various reasons. These are both natural causes, resulting from the destructive impact of environmental and material changes resulting from the passage of time and reasons related mainly to the lack of proper supervision of the facilities by the legal user, e.g., historic palaces and park complexes. In summary, objectives of the so-called passive, i.e., formal and legal ones and goals of the nature of active – conservation activities and the nature of activities restoring the lost cultural values of the region’s cultural heritage.

Эксперименты с формой: варианты деконструкции и неоконструктивизма в архитектуре Москвы 1990-2000-х годов

At the turn of the 20th — 21st centuries, Moscow architecture was dynamic, with different architects working simultaneously, embodying individual meanings in a variety of architectural form and materials. One of the lines of the modern Moscow architecture development was experimentation with space, form and construction, which, among other things, involved references to the principles and techniques of deconstructivism and appeals to constructivism, which make the subject of this article. Deconstructivist motifs in the Moscow architecture of the 1990s — 2000s are primarily visible in the architectural works of A. Asadov’s studio and individual projects of V. Kolosnitsyn and A. Loktev. The search for non-trivial plastic solutions interested such architects as M. Khazanov, A. Bokov, S. Skuratov, S. Kiselev, G. Nadtochiy, K. Konovaltsev, B. Shabunin and others. Some of the architectural objects appeared to be full-fledged followers of constructivist traditions (e.g. the works of the architectural workshop of N. Lyzlov, some projects of A. Skokan and the Ostozhenka architectural bureau, urban objects of A. Vissarionov, A. Vorontsov, Y. Ilyin-Adaev, etc.). This article reveals one of the trends in the development of Moscow architecture which along with neomodernism, neoclassicism, capitalist romanticism (or ‘caprom’), an appeal to Art Deco, to the techniques and principles of postmodernism has permanently changed the appearance of the capital.

The Architecture of the Rzeszów Downtown from the Flâneur Perspective

The paper attempts to study architecture as an esthetic object with the use of mobile methods. I develop the concept of the flâneur view: an act of perception associated with a casual walk, enriched with reflections on the environment. The aim of the text is to describe the intricacies of the process: what makes the flâneur interested in particular architectural object, how one valorizes it, and what role the esthetics plays in the activity. This research walk was carried out by students in the Rzeszów Downtown. It included observation, taking notes, and photography. For the purpose of the paper, I analyze thirteen journals. The main finding is that students value visual and spatial harmony, and look for it in the cityscape. They are positive toward well-maintained, mostly historical buildings. Nature is also important to them. In their descriptions, they use everyday language and their type of esthetic reception can be named non-professional.

Structure-informed protein language models are robust predictors for variant effects.

Emerging variant effect predictors, protein language models (pLMs) learn evolutionary distribution of functional sequences to capture fitness landscape. Considering that variant effects are manifested through biological contexts beyond sequence (such as structure), we first assess how much structure context is learned in sequence-only pLMs and affecting variant effect prediction. And we establish a need to inject into pLMs protein structural context purposely and controllably. We thus introduce a framework of structure-informed pLMs (SI-pLMs), by extending masked sequence denoising to cross-modality denoising for both sequence and structure. Numerical results over deep mutagenesis scanning benchmarks show that our SI-pLMs, even when using smaller models and less data, are robustly top performers against competing methods including other pLMs, which shows that introducing biological context can be more effective at capturing fitness landscape than simply using larger models or bigger data. Case studies reveal that, compared to sequence-only pLMs, SI-pLMs can be better at capturing fitness landscape because (a) learned embeddings of low/high-fitness sequences can be more separable and (b) learned amino-acid distributions of functionally and evolutionarily conserved residues can be of much lower entropy, thus much more conserved, than other residues. Our SI-pLMs are applicable to revising any sequence-only pLMs through model architecture and training objectives. They do not require structure data as model inputs for variant effect prediction and only use structures as context provider and model regularizer during training.

3D Construction Printing as a Tool for Forming the Design Methodology of an Actual Modern Object of Architecture and Construction

An analysis of the experience of the design and construction of objects of modern architecture, reflecting in an aesthetic image, a high -tech direction and brightness of the image. In particular, the features of 3D construction printing with a variety of approaches and purposes of using this technology in the field of architecture are considered.The purpose of the research and analysis is to bring the theory of technological capabilities, their practical application and the relevance of modern architectural solutions into design methods, on the basis of which it is possible to form general trends and directions of aesthetic images of modern architecture.The article presents an approach to the design of a residential housing facility based on the analyzed experience and selected methods of architectural design, taking into account their subsequent implementation by 3D construction printing.

Orthodox Church Architecture of the Kuban Settlements of the Late 18th – First Half of the 19th Century

A retrospective analysis of the history of the architecture of Orthodox churches in Kuban from the end of the 18th to the first half of the 19th century was carried out on specific objects of religious architecture. The historical approach allows us to consider these objects as unique elements of the architectural and urban heritage of the period under study. The special value of Orthodox churches in the concept of forming a holistic environment of urban and rural settlements is indicated. The main means of artistic expression based on volumetric planning techniques, with the help of which the compositional image of the temple is created, are noted. The presented illustrative material graphically displays the scientific content, executed on certain visual images of religious architecture structures and visually complements the text material. Great importance is given to the current issues of integrity and sustainable balance of modern buildings and structures with previously erected religious architecture objects and monuments of historical and cultural heritage.

FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM FORMATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTISTORY BUILDINGS

Problem statement. The active use of renewable energy sources and the introduction of energy-efficient systems in all spheres of life today is the most important component of future development, which can change the life and comfort of every person. And it is very important to determine the place of architecture in this process. Analyzing the global experience of architectural activity in recent decades, especially in economically developed countries, it can be noted that engineering and technological systems of alternative energy are becoming an integral part of various types of buildings and complexes, both residential (low-rise, high-rise) and public (business, retail, cultural, multifunctional complexes, etc.). Alternative energy is becoming one of the factors influencing the layout and appearance of a building, the choice of materials and decorative finishing, and significantly influencing the formation of objects of new “innovative” architecture. Purpose of the article. To explore the features of the architectural form formation of energy-efficient multi-storey buildings as a result of the interdependence of architecture and energy-efficient technological systems using the example of modern architectural objects in the world. Conclusion. Engineering and technological systems of alternative energy for multi-storey buildings, based on renewable energy sources, provide such characteristics of buildings as: environmental friendliness, autonomy, self-sufficiency, profitability, energy efficiency and a high level of living comfort, architectural individuality and freedom of architectural form formation, unusual volumetric and compositional architectural solutions objects.

Efficient and lightweight convolutional neural network architecture search methods for object classification

Determining the architecture of deep learning models is a complex task. Several automated search techniques have been proposed, but these methods typically require high-performance graphics processing units (GPUs), manual parameter adjustments, and specific training approaches. This study introduces an efficient, lightweight convolutional neural network architecture search approach tailored for object classification. It features an optimized search space design and a novel controller design.This study introduces a refined search space design incorporating optimizations in both spatial and operational aspects. The focus is on the synergistic integration of convolutional units, dimension reduction units, and the stacking of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. To enhance the search space, ShuffleNet modules are integrated, reducing the number of parameters and training time. Additionally, BlurPool is implemented in the dimension reduction unit operation to achieve translational invariance, alleviate the gradient vanishing problem, and optimize unit compositions. Moreover, an innovative controller model, Stage LSTM, is proposed based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to generate lightweight architectural sequences. In conclusion, the refined search space design and the Stage LSTM controller model are synergistically combined to establish an efficient and lightweight architecture search technique termed Stage and Lightweight Network Architecture Search (SLNAS).The experimental results highlight the superior performance of the optimized search space design, primarily when implemented with the Stage LSTM controller model. This approach shows significantly improved accuracy and stability compared to random, traditional LSTM, and Genetic Algorithm (GA) controller models, with statistically significant differences. Notably, the Stage LSTM controller excels in accuracy while producing models with fewer parameters within the expanded architecture search space.The study adopts the Stage LSTM controller model due to its ability to approximate optimal sequence structures, particularly when combined with the optimized search space design, referred to as SLNAS. SLNAS's performance is evaluated through experiments and comparisons with other Neural Architecture Search (NAS) and object classification methods from different researchers. These experiments consider model parameters, hardware resources, model stability, and multiple datasets. The results show that SLNAS achieves a low error rate of 2.86 % on the CIFAR-10 dataset after just 0.2 days of architecture search, matching the performance of manually designed models but using only 2 % of the parameters. SLNAS consistently demonstrates robust performance across various image classification domains, with an approximate parameter count 700,000.To summarize, SLNAS emerges as a highly effective automated network architecture search method tailored for image classification. It streamlines the model design process, making it accessible to researchers without specialized knowledge in deep learning. Optimizing this method unlocks the full potential of deep learning across diverse research areas. Interested parties can publicly access the source code and pre-trained models through the following link: https://github.com/huanyu-chen/LNASG-and-SLNAS-model.

Architecture development tendencies of social facilities for elderly citizens. Japan experience

The article presents an analytical overview of the formation of the architecture of social institutions using the example of Japan. Statistical data on the ageing indicators of the population of this country are presented. The main aspects influencing the formation of the architecture of institutions for older people are considered, namely the socio-psychological aspect, scenarios for the functioning of objects, and the ideological component. Contemporary architectural examples that demonstrate relevant innovative solutions are presented and analyzed. Preserving the quality of life is one of the important trends in forming social institutions for older people, both in the social field and in architecture. In the article, trends in the development of the architecture of social institutions for the elderly in Japan will be considered not only through the prism of the housing component but rather, due to the scenarios and ideology of providing certain services to the elderly. It is proposed to analyze architectural examples, which, according to the authors, introduce the most interesting views-scenarios on the full-fledged life of older people. The article proposes to analyze three architectural objects, each of which in a certain way illustrates modern approaches to the formation of architecture for older people in Japan. Those objects are: JIKKA / Issei Suma - spa & community centre in the city of Ito, a unique project called "a final abode for the clients". The object can rightly be attributed to a unique trend in the development of the architecture of institutions for the elderly - a conscious order to create such a building for people who will potentially also need care, but currently, according to their profession, chose the path of helping and caring for the elderly of their community and formed a specific design task for architects.Kaze No Machi Miyabira / Susumu Uno/ CAn + Met Architects - daycare centre in the city of Shobara, providing full-fledged medical and social care for elderly people who need daily support and shows a comprehensive solution for permanent care and short-term stay. The complex architecture takes into account local habits and traditions of life, so it looks like a large building-town, which is designed into one floor and has a significantly rugged plan, which is due to the functional blocking of rooms, the nurses' posts' location and functional links between building blocks. Reversible Destiny Lofts / Shusaku Arakawa & Madeline Gins, Mitaka, Tokyo, the building is an experimental project and a certain result of the architects' experiment, it is intended for all age categories of users, but the main target audience is elderly people, directly for them architects used, so-called, procedural architecture - a powerful stimulation of the body's functions precisely using architecture and design – architecture that trains, tones and encourages movement. The successful implementation of such objects became possible thanks to a detailed analysis of the social and psychological components, traditions and local habits. A powerful ideological component is embedded in every project, but it manifests itself in architecture in different ways. The operating scenarios of these facilities vary from full and calm care, maintenance and support to forced movement and revitalization of the lives of the elderly through the application of active means of architecture and design. Since Japan is one of the first countries to face the problem of population ageing, it is not surprising that it is in this country that we can see mature, relevant, sometimes somewhat specific trends in the development of the architecture of social institutions for the elderly. Different functioning scenarios, be it quietness and seclusion, or active movement and action, are achieved precisely by the means of architecture. And, sometimes, architecture itself is rehabilitative, prompting action and a full-fledged therapeutic component.