Architectural Framework Research Articles

Архитектурные подходы и технологические решения в создании инновационных веб-приложений для голосовых и текстовых чатов. Анализ, перспективы и реализация

The article provides a detailed examination of the technologies used in an innovative service that implements voice and text chats as a web application, using an already implemented solution as an example. The main focus is on analyzing the architectural and technological solutions employed in the development of innovative web applications for voice and text chats. The article extensively discusses the functional capabilities, scalability of such systems. The service, provisionally named “Voice and Text Chat Service in the Context of Import Substitution”, serves as the object of analysis. Despite its functional similarities and user experience with leading communication platforms such as Discord, Telegram, and VKontakte, it is developed with specific requirements and the latest technologies in web development in mind. The article meticulously reviews the key components of the system, including server logic, client applications, and data infrastructure. Special attention is given to the integration of modern technologies into real products, including the use of cloud services, microservices architecture, and contemporary frameworks and protocols. The analysis covers not only technical aspects but also issues of usability, accessibility, and inclusivity, enabling the creation of more effective services that meet user needs. The article also highlights potential directions for further development of such platforms and presents examples of best practices in this field.

The volcanic architecture and tectono-magmatic framework of the Mount Grace carbonatites, southeastern Canadian Cordillera

The Mount Grace metamorphosed carbonatites (Late Devonian) outcrop as thin (0.5–4 m), laterally discontinuous, strata-bound mappable lenses within the Monashee complex of the southeastern Canadian Cordillera. The host stratigraphic sequence (Monashee cover gneiss) was metamorphosed and deformed in the Late Cretaceous to early Eocene followed immediately by exhumation of the Frenchman Cap and Thor Odin domes. We present seven stratigraphic logs for Mount Grace carbonatites including new and previously described outcroppings spanning ∼30 km. The Mount Grace carbonatite units were deposited regionally within or near the top of a shallow marine sedimentary sequence within miogeoclinal strata of the western margin of paleo-North America (Laurentia). The distribution of the Mount Grace carbonatite lithofacies and the preserved depositional structures and textures suggest that these are pyroclastic deposits resulting from phreatomagmatic eruptions. Our new data enhance the volcanological story with an eruption scenario involving phreatomagmatic reactions and deposition from pyroclastic density currents, sourced from multiple centers within a field of monogenetic maar volcanoes. The distribution of the Mount Grace carbonatites parallel to the western margin of the paleo-North American continent correlates well with regional Late Devonian alkaline magmatism associated with development of an extensional back-arc basin.

Artificial Intelligent Agent Architecture and Clinical Decision-Making in the Healthcare Sector.

This paper examines the decision-making processes of physicians and intelligent agents within the healthcare sector, particularly focusing on their characteristics, architectures, and approaches. We provide a theoretical insight into the evolving role of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, emphasizing its potential to address various healthcare challenges. Defining features of intelligent agents are explored, including their perceptual abilities and behavioral properties, alongside their architectural frameworks, ranging from reflex-based to general learning agents, and contrasted with the rational decision-making structure employed by physicians. Through data collection, hypothesis generation, testing, and reflection, physicians exhibit a nuanced approach informed by adaptability and contextual understanding. A comparative analysis between intelligent agents and physicians reveals both similarities and disparities, particularly in adaptability and contextual comprehension. While intelligent agents offer promise in enhancing clinical decisions, challenges with types of dataset biases pose significant hurdles. Informing and educating physicians about AI concepts can build trust and transparency in intelligent programs. Such efforts aim to leverage the strengths of both human and AI toward improving healthcare delivery and outcomes.

Incentivizing sustainable practices: Game-theoretic approach to peer-to-peer energy trading in the green transition era

The urgent global concern regarding climate change has highlighted the necessity for transitioning to power generation with zero carbon emissions to promote a sustainable and environmentally conscious society. A crucial element in this transformation is reducing our dependence on the primary grid, which is predominantly powered by fossil fuels, natural gas, and coal. An innovative strategy for achieving this essential transition is through peer-to-peer energy trading (P2PET). However, the effectiveness of P2PET relies on successfully aligning the energy-related objectives of its participants. Identifying and effectively addressing these goals is a significant challenge. In response, this paper introduces a game-theoretic framework designed to encourage subscribers to engage in P2PET, both in islanded microgrids and interconnected grid configurations. Our methodology begins by introducing a model that captures the core energy-related objectives of both energy producers and consumers. This model is supported by a layered architectural framework tailored for peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces, enhancing the identification and classification of existing technologies in this domain. Following this, we delve into the formulation of an extended-form game rooted in non-cooperative game theory. We systematically evaluate the presence of strict Nash equilibria within this game-theoretic structure. To promote active engagement and trading in the peer-to-peer energy market (P2PEM), we introduce an innovative energy allocation policy. This policy is strategically devised to ensure the inclusion of every subscriber in the market, irrespective of fluctuations in supply and demand dynamics. Our proposed P2PET scheme is tested on a representative system, specifically a 14-bus IEEE network, incorporating 8 energy producers and 11 consumers as active participants in the market. By conducting an extensive series of tests, we accurately evaluate the design's performance. The results, compared to previous studies, show a significant reduction in consumer energy bills, ranging from 33 % to 7 %. This convincing result underscores the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed energy trading framework. In a world grappling with the imperative to transition to sustainable energy practices, our game-theoretic approach to incentivizing participants in P2PET emerges as a pivotal contribution. It demonstrates tangible benefits, promotes green energy production, and encourages responsible energy consumption.

An Efficient Privacy and Anonymity Setup on Hyperledger Fabric for Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Things (IoT) Devices

The rise in IoT (Internet of Things) devices poses a significant security challenge. Maintaining privacy and ensuring anonymity within the system is a sought-after feature with inevitable trade-offs, such as scalability and increased complexity, making it incredibly challenging to handle. To tackle this, we introduce our proposed work for managing IoT devices using Hyperledger Fabric. We integrated our system on the blockchain with a closed-circuit television (CCTV) security camera fixed at a rental property. The CCTV security camera redirects its feed whenever a new renter walks in. We have introduced the web token for authentication from the renter to the owner. Our contributions include an efficient framework architecture using key invalidation scenarios and token authentication, a novel chain code algorithm, and stealth addresses with modified ring signatures. We performed different analyses to show the system’s throughput and latency through stress testing. We have shown the significant advantages of the proposed architectures by comparing similar existing schemes. Our proposed scheme enhances the security of blockchain-enabled IoT devices and mitigates the single point of failure issue in the existing scheme, providing a robust and reliable solution. Our future work includes scaling it up to cater to the needs of the healthcare system.

Practical Sustainable Software Development in Architectural Flexibility for Energy Efficiency Using the Extended Agile Framework

Many regular business operations are transforming into digital services, increasing advanced multi-platforms, rapid operational alignment, flexibility, and environmental impact through energy consumption, hardware waste, and technology investments. Flexible and sustainable system development models emphasizing energy efficiency can help innovate software development as digital servicing applications shift. This research is motivated by the need to improve energy consumption in early software design and development due to rising technological efficiency and sustainability demands. Although effective in iterative development and stakeholder engagement, traditional Agile methodologies often struggle with long-term sustainability and energy efficiency. Extended Agile, combining Agile, layered architecture, and aspect-oriented frameworks (ALAI), promises to improve system modularity, flexibility, maintainability, and sustainability. This study’s findings are not just theoretical, but also practically relevant, as they explore the energy efficiency of ALAI software development methodologies, using graduate admission information system services (GAISS) as an example. GAISS is a complex system that handles the entire process of graduate admissions, from application submission to final decision. The study quantifies the energy usage of a student-list webpage by analyzing Microsoft IIS server logs from February 2022 to May 2024. Directly applicable findings show that the GAISS based on the ALAI framework reduces energy consumption by 10.7914% compared to traditional Agile software developments. ALAI used 892.80 kWh versus Agile’s 1000.80 kWh during operations, saving energy. These findings demonstrate the benefits of integrating aspect-oriented frameworks and layering approaches into Agile methodologies, contributing to sustainable software development discourse. The study emphasizes the importance of energy-efficient frameworks such as ALAI to reduce software systems’ environmental impact and promote software development sustainability. The findings of this study, with their practical relevance, assist software developers and organizations in choosing software design and development methods that maximize operational efficiency and environmental sustainability.

A Novel Data Analysis Architectural Framework for Data Reduction on Edges for Smart City Healthcare

The most difficult task is managing and digesting the massive amount of heterogeneous data created by IoT. It questioned the efficiency and computational storage capacity of today's infrastructure resources. Furthermore, because there is so much data, it becomes difficult to give the user enough information to make a decision. A technology known as Complex Event Processing (CEP) has been created to glean important insights from massive real-time data streams. The goal of this research is to create a system that can extract complicated events from large amounts of sensor data and only transmit those events to a cloud server. Global healthcare services have been expanding at an exponential rate because of the vast amount of data that clinical and medical organizations generate daily. Healthcare systems can use e-health services to meet the medical and assistive requirements of people. Edge technology is proven in this direction. Mixing the old classic concepts with the innovative we have proposed the Novel data analysis architecture for smart heart disease prediction. We have created the fuzzy-based inference system at the edges for the data analysis and used the resulting Complex Events at the end predictions.

Syntactic Variation in Reduced Registers Through the Lens of the Parallel Architecture.

Diversion from the syntactic norm, as manifested in the absence of otherwise expected lexical and syntactic material, has been extensively studied in theoretical syntax. Such modifications are observed in headlines, telegrams, labels, and other specialized contexts, collectively referred to as "reduced" registers. Focusing on search queries, a type of reduced register, I propose that they are generated by a simpler grammar that lacks a full-fledged syntactic component. The analysis is couched in the Parallel Architecture framework, whose assumption of relative independence of linguistic components-their parallelism-and the rejection of syntactocentrism are essential to explain properties of queries.

Designing deaf spaces: education, hygiene, and citizenship in nineteenth-century France

ABSTRACT This article examines the changing architectural environments of deaf education in the nineteenth century, taking the national institutes in Paris and Bordeaux as its main focus. Founded in the late eighteenth century and initially housed in government-expropriated properties, both schools underwent comprehensive renovation and reconstruction projects in the nineteenth century to emerge as modern educational spaces. Although these projects remain overlooked in the history of modern architecture, they were closely tied to contemporary discourses on education, hygiene, and citizenship. The renovation of the Paris Institute for Deaf-Mutes during the 1820s–30s engaged pressing questions about hygiene and social progress in the postrevolutionary era of national reconstruction. The architectural transformation of the Bordeaux Institute for Deaf-Mute Girls from the 1860s not only reflected the changing pedagogical focus from sign language to oralism; it was also imbricated in broader debates about laïcité and educational standardisation as France transitioned from empire to republic. Far from being marginal, these institutions functioned as key sites for working through notions of citizenship and national identity. Their histories reveal how architectural and material frameworks could serve to impose ideology on the one hand, and provide important grounds for the formation of a minority community on the other.

Definition of the requirements architecture for IT solution as a business analytics product

The subject of research in the article is approaches to understanding and interpreting the concept of the architecture of requirements for an IT solution. The purpose of the work is to define the architecture of software requirements for a better understanding and further implementation of this concept in the practice of software development. The article addresses the following tasks: analyze approaches to the classification of requirements to determine common and distinctive characteristics and their impact on the definition of the architecture of requirements; examine requirements engineering standards to find the definition and any relationship to the requirements architecture; consider approaches to building a set of requirements and using templates to describe them to identify optimal strategies for business analytical processes and their impact on the architecture of requirements. The following methods are used: comparative analysis, including comparison and generalization of different classifications of requirements taking into account their impact on the definition of requirements architecture, review of literature and standards related to requirements engineering, as well as analysis of their impact on the process of formation of requirements architecture, analysis of documentation with the aim identifying optimal strategies for building the requirements architecture, as well as analyzing the use of templates for describing requirements and their importance in defining the requirements architecture. In addition, the requirements quality criteria analysis results were interpolated to identify relationships between the quality of requirements and their architecture, which made it possible to determine the optimal approaches to building the architecture of requirements that meet the requirements of software quality. The following results were obtained: approaches to understanding requirements in software development were investigated, generally accepted classifications of requirements and characteristics of quality requirements were given, and links of the chain "requirements – quality of requirements – approaches to description of requirements – standards – architecture of requirements" were analyzed with further logical interpolation of the studied context on the architecture of requirements, the author's definition of the concept of architecture of requirements is proposed. Conclusions. Requirements architecture can be based on different architectural frameworks and depends on software development methodologies, but at the same time, it can vary depending on industry standards and the needs of a specific project. Also, requirements architecture can use certain document templates, but it is not limited to them.

Perancangan Arsitektur Enterprise Menggunakan Framework TOGAF ADM Pada SMAN 3 Sidoarjo

Currently, SMAN 3 Sidoarjo does not have an enterprise architecture and integrated data. To increase the utilization of IT and IS at SMAN 3 Sidoarjo, development through enterprise architecture is needed. The essence of this proposal is to plan an architectural effort as an aid to improving IS and IT at SMAN 3 Sidoarjo in the future. The method used is The Open Group Architecture Framework – Architecture Development Method (TOGAF ADM). The information obtained utilizes qualitative research obtained from observations, document studies and interviews. The continued impact of this research is business architecture, data architecture, application architecture, and technology architecture. The selected design content includes application portfolio catalog, application/organization matrix, logical data diagram and computer network diagram. It is believed that this recommendation can be a reference for improving or developing IS and IT at SMAN 3 Sidoarjo to realize the vision and mission of SMAN 3 Sidoarjo through business architecture, information systems architecture and technology architecture..

Leveraging Enterprise Architecture to Empower KOMINFO's Business Core Operations: A PMO Perspective

The Sky Bridge (Tol Langit) Program is an Indonesian government’s strategic project aimed at digital transformation in the 3T regions (Tertinggal, Terdepan, Terluar - Underdeveloped, Frontline, Outermost). It requires thorough planning and integrated management for its implementation. A specialized unit with a helicopter view perspective is needed to ensure and oversee the alignment of processes. This important role is managed by the Project Management Office (PMO). One of the challenges PMO faces in ensuring an end-to-end process alignment is identifying the appropriate digital resources to support the process. This is where the Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework plays a crucial role as a blueprint for the organization's digital landscape. This reference helps map out existing data, applications, and business processes. Having this blueprint allows PMO to have a holistic view and make targeted decisions. EA also helps identify existing applications that can be integrated with new programs, avoiding unnecessary duplication. The use of ArchiMate, a language for enterprise architecture modeling, assists PMOs in planning digital transformations considering all aspects - business needs, applications, and technology. In short, a well-defined EA framework empowers PMOs to navigate the complexities of digital transformation in the telecommunications sector to ensure the successful implementation of the Sky Bridge Program.

Addressing Control Challenges in Vehicular Networks Through O-RAN: A Novel Architecture and Simulation Framework

Addressing Control Challenges in Vehicular Networks Through O-RAN: A Novel Architecture and Simulation Framework

Darth Vader's Secret Weapon: Implementing Mission Engineering with UAF

AbstractWhen planning and conducting a Mission Engineering (ME) study, it is important to have a complete, correct, and coherent model of the mission architecture. The Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) has been found to be effective for this purpose. The OUSD (R&E) Mission Integration office is exploring how to use UAF for their ME architectures. This paper will explore some of the required modeling features and constructs that will enable this to occur. The paper “Implementing Mission Engineering with UAF” was presented at a previous conference and this paper will expand on that presentation and will discuss additional work that has been accomplished since then. This paper will also explore the proposed extensions for UAF to better support ME. We created a prototype model using the Battle of Hoth from Star Wars as a proof of concept for these modeling extensions and used the process and ME concepts defined in the Mission Engineering Guide (MEG). Since then there have been several concepts that were explored such as compatibility with the Model‐Based Acquisition (MBAcq) approach, recent initiatives from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Mission Capabilities, Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE) process and methods, detailed resource engagement, use of different modeling languages (e.g., Systems Modeling Language (SysML), SysML v2 and UAF v2), Effects and Outcomes, variety of measures, additional attributes/stereotypes such as differentiation between enemy/friendly/neutral ‐ Blue Force, Red Force, etc., provenance/confidence of enemy resources, and so forth. This paper will summarize the research and modeling done to date and explore these additional concepts as well as new ideas introduced in the MEG v2.

Modeling Enterprise Software with UAF

AbstractSystems and Software Engineers often have an uneasy relationship. The job of the systems engineer is to work with the stakeholders to define a set of requirements that meet their needs. These are then allocated to various solution spaces such as electronic hardware, mechanical, procedural, and software among others. For many systems, the functional requirements are almost exclusively software requirements. Correspondingly, as an increasing amount of project manpower, schedule time, and budget are allocated to software, it becomes increasingly important that systems and software engineers communicate effectively. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) has helped in this regard in that it can provide executable behavioral models with precise semantics to express software requirements in a model. These models define “What is required” without overly constraining the implementation. In addition, SysML can be used to define performance constraints, required concurrency, hardware memory and processor budgets, interfaces, safety critical requirements, etc. These aspects are essential for software engineers to understand the constraints and limitations of their environment. At the System of Systems (SoS)/Enterprise level, defining software/systems employs a similar pattern, but at a higher level of abstraction. In the Unified Architecture Framework, capabilities are defined for the enterprise, with systems and software allocated to realize the capabilities. In the same way that capabilities depend on one another, the implementing systems and software interact to support each other. In the past, enterprise software would be modeled as residing in mainframes in a federated software pattern. Modern software can be modeled throughout the enterprise in a distributed network that can adapt to the changing needs of the enterprise to do load leveling, dynamic and late binding, reconfiguration, and reallocation of hardware resources as necessary. If the domain includes the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT), then deployment could include edge devices, embedded software, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), PCs, servers, cloud computing, and of course mainframes. The Object management Group (OMG) Data Distribution Services (DDS) standard enables these capabilities across these devices in a universal format implemented by multiple vendors. However, before this complex system of systems can be implemented, it must first be architected and designed to ensure that it will be fit for purpose both now and as the complex system of systems expands and evolves. This paper will examine the aspects of modeling software in the UAF, and how it can help guide enterprise and system and software architecture.

INCOSE Systems Engineering Competency Assessment Guide Systems Modeling Language (SysML) Model Description

AbstractThe INCOSE Systems Engineering Competency Framework (SECF) and INCOSE Systems Engineering Competency Assessment Guide (SECAG), published in 2018 and 2023 respectively, provide a requirement definition for 37 systems engineering competencies each with knowledge, skill, ability, and behavior (KSAB) indicators across 5 different proficiency levels along with sample evidence against each of these indicator requirements. These publications form a static representation of the framework structure and associated database. This paper describes the development of a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) model that provides a digital representation of the architecture framework and associated requirement and evidence entry databases. A description of the metamodel and data structure is presented as well as a tailoring approaches for use and a series of evolving model use cases.

Modeling swarm mission with COTS characterization: a series of return on experience

AbstractSystem design in defense systems is a competitive field, in which economical viability relies on a sequence of architectural decisions, aiming at quality, resource and time (Q,R,T) compromises. We observe that low‐cost unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) and drones appear as new threats on current battlefield. To face these new threats, Direction Générale de l'Armement (DGA) have organized challenges around robotization of battlefield, to design future employment doctrines and help technologies to reach maturity in a reasonable time. This article exposes a NATO Architecture Framework (NAF) 3.1‐based workflow that includes return of experience form the field over yearly iterations of such challenges. The capabilities depicted are requirements to match, constituent systems are based on Components‐Off‐The‐Shelf (COTS) answering to both edition of the challenge. This article details how manually re‐injecting feedback from field back to the system model failed to ensure the next iterations of the challenge. Our works propose conclusions on formulation of the “engineering leakage problem” and how resolution of this problem is NP‐Hard and should be addressed using optimization.

Evaluating the Eco‐Efficiency of Urban Air Mobility: Understanding Environmental and Social Impacts for Informed Passenger Choices

AbstractFull electric aircraft with zero CO2 emissions during operations are a promising pathway towards achieving the Fly Net Zero by 2050 goal proposed by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). In this context, Urban Air Mobility (UAM) expects to offer an environmentally friendly alternative through electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft. While eVTOLs produce no greenhouse gas emissions, the comprehensive eco‐efficiency of UAM goes beyond the flight phase. This paper delves into evaluating UAM operation's environmental and social impacts, considering the urban space, public perception, operational profiles, and power consumption. Employing causal loop analysis, the study uncovers the relationships that add value or increase impact, assessing UAM passenger transportation's eco‐efficiency. Moreover, the Unified Architecture Framework is used to model the UAM ecosystem and to propose strategies to balance values and impacts in achieving eco‐efficiency. By shedding light on the sustainability viewpoint, this study emphasizes the importance of holistically understanding UAM's operational impact and empowering users to make eco‐efficient choices when opting for UAM transportation. Finally, strategies to provide sustainability awareness to the user are discussed in the Mobility‐as‐a‐System (MaaS) context.

Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Methodology for Integrating Autonomy into a System of Systems Using the Unified Architecture Framework

AbstractStakeholders of Systems of Systems (SoSs) are seeking new capabilities provided by autonomous systems empowered by Artificial Intelligence (AI). This requires the integration of these autonomous systems into SoSs, resulting in Systems of Autonomous Systems (SoASs). SoAS architecting is different from SoS. An autonomous system can have various Levels of Autonomy (LoA) depending on its AI algorithm. Each LoA has a different impact on the organizational and technical aspects of SoAS architecting. The organizational aspect covers concerns such as managerial and operational policies, whereas the technical aspect highlights issues such as integration compatibility between systems. Failure to address the LoA impact on these aspects in the architecting phase results in an ineffective integration. In this paper, we propose a methodology that follows the SoS hierarchical lexicon, builds upon the steps of the Object‐Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM), and leverages the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) for modeling autonomy integration. The proposed methodology adds detailed sub‐steps to OOSEM in order to make it suitable for SoS evolution into SoAS. We also introduce the required UAF views for modeling each aspect of the SoAS architecture. This methodology lays the foundation for the trade study analysis that helps stakeholders decide on suitable LoAs for SoAS. We also present an illustrative example to demonstrate the implementation and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Towards UAF Implementation in SysML V2

AbstractThe ongoing transformation in the industry from a document‐based systems engineering to a model‐based systems engineering approach reveals gaps in existing modeling standards. Evolution of standards is inevitable. A de facto standard modeling language, SysML (Systems Modeling Language), is undergoing a major transformation in its evolution, with the introduction of SysML version 2, which is a complete redesign of the language architecture. With the major update of SysML, all related standards need to be redesigned. The Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) is not an exception. UAF version 2 is a future version of the standard to be based on SysML V2. Currently, the development of UAF based on SysML V2 is in the very early stages, and various organizations involved in its development are independently researching the way forward. This paper describes one of the research projects to test the feasibility of SysML V2 to address UAF community needs.