Architectural Design Research Articles

An analysis of the Puri Brata Resort & Gallery building’s design from an environmental aesthetics and sustainability perspective

The research paper delves into the implementation of sustainable architectural design practices at Puri Brata Resort & Gallery in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The primary objective of the study is to analyze the impact of eco-friendly design principles on both the environment and visitor experience within the resort. Data collection for this research involved conducting a comprehensive survey among visitors to the resort, focusing on aspects such as air quality, temperature control, and overall visitor comfort. Additionally, data was gathered on the utilization of green spaces within the resort and the incorporation of local cultural values and aesthetics in the architectural design. The survey responses were then analyzed to evaluate the perceived impact of sustainable design elements on the guest experience and environmental sustainability. The findings of the research indicate that the integration of eco-friendly practices at Puri Brata Resort & Gallery has positively impacted various aspects, including improved air quality, efficient temperature control, and enhanced visitor comfort. The use of recycled materials, renewable energy sources, and green spaces has contributed to creating a harmonious and sustainable environment that enhances the overall guest experience. The study underscores the importance of incorporating sustainable design principles in architectural practices to create spaces that benefit both the environment and visitors. This research provides valuable insights for industry practitioners and policymakers looking to adopt sustainable design practices in the hospitality and tourism sector.

Report on the 1st International Workshop on Designing Software (Designing 2024)

Software design is a set of activities and decisions involved in constructing a software system, ranging from high-level architecture and conceptual design to code design. Decisions made during the design process have a long-lasting impact on various qualities of a system, such as modularity, maintainability, scalability, robustness, security, usability, and performance. Despite its important role in software development, design is still considered something of an art-particularly in terms of design as an activity rather than design as a product or outcome. With the increasing societal impact of software and the potential use of AI in development, design has a new and larger role to play in the engineering of modern software systems. This new workshop aims to bring together researchers, practitioners, and educators who are interested in any aspect of software design, to discuss novel approaches to design, and to identify open challenges and future directions for the field.

Redesigning Resettlement Homes for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Borno State

This study proposes a culturally informed redesign of resettlement homes for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Borno State, Nigeria. The existing housing designs often overlook the cultural values and nuances of the Kanuri people, the predominant ethnic group in the region. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative insights from interviews and focus groups with Kanuri community members, and data from surveys assessing current housing satisfaction, combining traditional Kanuri architectural features, spatial layouts, and social practices to create culturally responsive resettlement homes. This design intervention aims to enhance the emotional well-being, social cohesion, and resilience of IDPs in their new settlements. The study explores the impact of culturally sensitive design on the emotional well-being, social cohesion, and resilience of IDPs in their new settlements. Results indicate that incorporating traditional Kanuri design principles can significantly enhance the liveability and acceptance of resettlement homes, fostering a supportive environment that respects and preserves cultural identity. The findings underscore the importance of cultural considerations in architectural design for displaced populations, advocating for policies and practices that prioritize cultural relevance in housing solutions. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on humanitarian architecture and the role of culturally responsive design in improving the quality of life for displaced communities.

Structural literacy in architectural studio learning

ABSTRACT Architectural education encompasses a multidisciplinary curriculum including design, theory, history, technology, environmental considerations, urban planning, social aspects, and professional practice. This study aims to investigate the extent to which students can effectively integrate structural concepts into architectural design. This examination takes place within the framework of a third-year architectural design studio course, where students advance their design processes with input from architectural design instructors and experts in structural concepts. To facilitate this endeavour, a simple visual screening form was introduced to aid in the learning process. The study utilises a newly generated survey, namely ‘Structural System Control Form’, which is inspired by the rapid visual screening forms, to assess the students’ comprehension of structural concepts during a 14-week architectural design studio. Employing a descriptive and correlational research approach, the study assesses the effectiveness of this integrated strategy in enhancing the students’ understanding of structural principles. The findings revealed a notable development among students who participated in the integrated approach, highlighting the value of feedback and evaluation from instructors versed in construction. Furthermore, the use of simplified structural models in students’ projects improved their understanding of structural concepts and their ability to incorporate them into their architectural representations.

Architecture Preliminary Design and Trade-Off Optimization of Stratospheric Airship Based on MBSE

System architecture design is crucial for forward design in aerostat system engineering, yet a comprehensive research framework has been lacking. This paper presents a new method for stratospheric airship architecture preliminary design and optimization trade-off, grounded in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) theory. Firstly, a requirement analysis for a stratospheric airship is conducted using SysML, leading to the analysis and acquisition of the airship’s mission architecture design. Additionally, a multidisciplinary coupling simulation platform is developed with MATLAB, and the architecture preliminary design’s Pareto front is derived using the NSGA-II algorithm. Finally, based on the Pareto optimization set, the TOPSIS algorithm is applied to derive the optimal architecture preliminary design scheme for the airship. The optimization results validate the accuracy of the architecture preliminary design obtained from the requirement analysis, the reliability of the multidisciplinary coupling simulation platform, and the feasibility of the optimization algorithms. This comprehensive study spans the requirement analysis to the optimal architecture scheme, providing theoretical reference and design guidance for the forward design of airship systems engineering.

Research on the Application of Sustainable Building Design in Civil Architecture

Research on the Application of Sustainable Building Design in Civil Architecture

Research on the Application Strategy of Light Healing Design in Desert Area Architecture

Research on the Application Strategy of Light Healing Design in Desert Area Architecture

Continuous blood pressure prediction system using Conv-LSTM network on hybrid latent features of photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals

Continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring is essential for managing cardiovascular disease. However, existing devices often require expert handling, highlighting the need for alternative methods to simplify the process. Researchers have developed various methods using physiological signals to address this issue. Yet, many of these methods either fall short in accuracy according to the BHS, AAMI, and IEEE standards for BP measurement devices or suffer from low computational efficiency due to the complexity of their models. To solve this problem, we developed a BP prediction system that merges extracted features of PPG and ECG from two pulses of both signals using convolutional and LSTM layers, followed by incorporating the R-to-R interval durations as additional features for predicting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Our findings indicate that the prediction accuracies for SBP and DBP were 5.306 ± 7.248 mmHg with a 0.877 correlation coefficient and 3.296 ± 4.764 mmHg with a 0.918 correlation coefficient, respectively. We found that our proposed model achieved a robust performance on the MIMIC III dataset with a minimum architectural design and high-level accuracy compared to existing methods. Thus, our method not only meets the passing category for BHS, AAMI, and IEEE guidelines but also stands out as the most rapidly accurate deep-learning-based BP measurement device currently available.

Research on Low-Carbon Design and Energy Efficiency by Harnessing Indigenous Resources through BIM-Ecotect Analysis in Hot Climates

In the face of contemporary challenges, such as economic instability, environmental degradation, and the urgent global warming crisis, the imperative of sustainability and energy efficiency has reached unparalleled significance. Sustainability encompasses not only the natural environment, but also extends to our immediate surroundings, including the built structures and the communities they serve. Embracing this comprehensive perspective, we embarked on a mission to conceive and construct a model house that harnesses state-of-the-art energy-efficient technologies. Our goal was to seamlessly integrate these features not only to meet our sustainability objectives, but also to mitigate environmental threats.This model embodies a harmonious fusion of indigenous resources, employing locally sourced stone and employing traditional construction techniques. Through this approach, we achieved significant reductions in carbon emissions and established a framework for passive cooling and heating systems. Moreover, the design is intrinsically attuned to its contextual surroundings, preserving the diverse tapestry of regional architectural styles. This study stands as a testament to the potential of innovative design and technology in shaping a sustainable future. The research employs a multi-dimensional approach, encompassing strategies of architectural design with a traditional planning approach, sustainable material selection, energy efficiency, and life cycle assessment across a diverse set of case studies. Building energy analysis is conducted through the application of BIM (Ecotect), providing insights into how BIM can adapt and thrive in various environments. Key findings underscore that thermal performance, minimizing energy loads, and reducing carbon emissions are pivotal aspects in designating a building as both green and energy efficient.

A Clinical Construct: Research, Experimentation, and Education at the Johns Hopkins Hospital

Background: The Johns Hopkins Hospital, the first U.S. institution to integrate medical education with practice, has served as a critical case study in understanding the evolution of American medical institutions in response to advancements in medical science, education, and technology. However, the role of architecture and design in informing those institutional practices has not been sufficiently explored. Aim: This study examines the intricate interplay between architecture and medicine in the late nineteenth century through a historical analysis of the design, construction, and early operation of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, focusing on how this interdisciplinary relationship shaped both the hospital’s physical environment and institutional practices. Methods: This paper utilizes historical analysis to investigate the design, construction, and operations of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. By examining primary archival materials, it details how architectural strategies addressed scientific, technological, and educational advancements. Results: The investigation reveals that the hospital’s architecture not only facilitated medical research, experimentation, and education but also embodied a novel blend of scientific inquiry and architectural design. Conclusions: The Johns Hopkins Hospital exemplifies the transformative potential of integrating architectural design with medical science. This case study underscores the enduring significance of interdisciplinary collaboration, offering insights into contemporary practices and the future of hospital design and medical education and practice in academic communities.

BUNNY CODE: INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL CODING GAMES FOR KIDS

This paper presents the analysis and design of a prototype system aimed at making coding engaging for individuals of all ages, from primary school students to seasoned learners familiar with the basics of programming. The primary objective is to enhance the accessibility and appeal of coding education across different age groups. The study begins by providing an overview of the Bunny Code project, outlining its scope and objectives. It describes the methodology employed, including the system architecture design, use case diagram, use case narratives, activity diagram, sequence diagram, and the prototype design. The comprehensive analysis and design process are detailed to provide insights into the development of an interactive coding learning platform. In addition to the technical aspects, this paper discusses the results of an online survey conducted to gather perspectives from the target user demographic. By incorporating user feedback into the design process, the study aims to ensure that the prototype system meets the needs and expectations of its intended audience. Ultimately, this research contributes to the field of educational technology by proposing innovative approaches to make coding accessible and engaging for learners of varying age groups. The findings and methodologies outlined in this paper serve as a foundation for the development of interactive and inclusive coding education tools, such as the Bunny Code platform.

Implementing An Innovative Design Charrette: Creating Healing Environments for Clinicians and Patients’ Well-being

Clinicians, staff, patients, and visitors use the healthcare environment, and a deeper understanding of spatial elements that promote their well-being is necessary. However, clinical and academic nursing does not naturally fit within the field of architectural design and planning. A design charrette, an interactive and innovative approach for faculty, staff, and clinicians, offers participants a chance to be creative in merging evidence-based practice with evidence-based design principles to aid in well-being. This educational brief outlines the process and outcomes of spaces that promote well-being and restoration. The design example presented is a restorative space in a clinical unit. We describe the methods of this teaching experience and highlight the application of a design charrette for a clinical unit.

Preliminary architecture design for human-in-the-loop control of robotic equipment in remote handling tasks: Case study on the NEFERTARI project

In this work, we present a general control architecture for robotic systems dedicated to the remote handling of in-vessel components in fusion machines. This control architecture will be tested for the inspection and maintenance of the first wall components of the RFX-mod2 experiment, in the scope of the New Equipment For the Experimental Research and Technological Advancement for the Rfx Infrastructure (NEFERTARI) project. The architecture is split into low-level and high-level layers. The former is used for the low-level control of the robotics systems and to manage safety; the latter is used for the high-level planning and implements several sub-modules, such as a Virtual Reality (VR) environment for the visualisation of the robot’s digital twin. Moreover, an Application Programming Interface (API) is intended to connect the two layers, and the communication between modules and layers is provided by the ROS2 framework. A typical usage of such a framework involves a human operator who is teleoperating the real robot, data from motor encoders are used as inputs for the dynamic model module. This module is used to compute the forward dynamics in real-time, providing an accurate simulation of the robot (digital twin) in the virtual environment.

Enhancing Software Architecture Adaptability: A Comprehensive Evaluation Method

The field of self-adaptive software is becoming increasingly crucial because software has to adapt its behavior at runtime to keep up with dynamic and constantly evolving environments. The ability of software to modify and adjust itself is known as adaptability, which has been acknowledged as an important quality attribute. As software architecture development represents the initial stage of the design process, architectural design has emerged as a critical development activity. The degree to which the architecture can adapt to changes will be the key factor in determining the adaptability of the software ultimately released to users. Existing metrics for software architectural adaptability typically view adaptability as a positive attribute, meaning that any possibility of change in architectural elements is perceived as an improvement in adaptability. However, the application of adaptability that leads to increased costs or complexity can only be seen as a negative attribute. In other words, the side effects brought about solely for the purpose of achieving adaptability are greatly overlooked; that is, the impacts caused by adaptability exhibit both symmetry and asymmetry for software architectural adaptability. On the other hand, the existing measures of adaptability only define it from the perspective of whether a module will change, without considering changes beyond the topological structure under multiple strategies. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive assessment approach to measure software architecture adaptability. Multiple factors are considered, including the number and types of strategies employed, the cost of completing the adaptation, the extent of changes made to the architectural elements, and the overall impact of the adaptation on the architecture. An extended UML (e-UML) component diagram is presented to model software architectural changes under various types of strategies. Finally, an experiment on the znn.com software is conducted to validate the practical feasibility of our proposed method. Our approach can assist software architects in making informed decisions regarding software architecture design options to improve the adaptability and longevity of their software systems.

Ethnomathematical exploration of the Al-Akbar National Mosque Surabaya in picture pattern material for fourth grade elementary mathematics

The Al-Akbar National Mosque in Surabaya was constructed with various forms of buildings and ornaments where ethnomathematics can be studied, particularly for drawing pattern material in fourth-grade elementary school. The objectives of this study are to describe: (1) the ethnomathematical links in the architecture of the Al-Akbar National Mosque, Surabaya, and (2) the material of image patterns for fourth-grade elementary school found in parts of the Al-Akbar National Mosque. This research utilizes qualitative methods with an ethnographic approach and was conducted at the Al-Akbar National Mosque in the Pagesangan area of Surabaya City. The objects studied include parts of the buildings and decorations of the Al-Akbar Mosque. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that (1) the Al-Akbar National Mosque has ethnomathematical relationships evident in its architecture, layout, and decorations. The concept of image patterns at the Al-Akbar National Mosque is found in the main dome, both outer and inner, as well as the outer pyramid dome. These structures demonstrate the concept of enlarged and smaller image patterns. (2) There are mathematical concepts, especially the pattern of enlarging and shrinking images, present in the Al-Akbar National Mosque, Surabaya. In conclusion, this study underscores the significance of ethnomathematics in architectural design and its potential educational applications in elementary school settings.

Personalized Architectural Design Under the Cooperation of Parametric Modeling

Personalized Architectural Design Under the Cooperation of Parametric Modeling

Elaborating and performing optimization approaches for web-based 3D spatial analysis of 3D city models

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) geographic information systems (GIS) are vital for urban planning and architectural design, enabling detailed visualization and analysis of urban landscapes. However, the growing size of 3D city data and the transition to web environments cause performance challenges for real-time applications. This study addresses the need for optimizing 3D spatial analyses for the web using Quadtree data structures and multiprocessing tools. Optimization scenarios based on data size and hardware configurations are evaluated, and the best hosting plans for GIS applications on cloud services are also considered.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOFTWARE PREFERENCES AND BUILDING TYPOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO

The developments of information technology have affected architectural education methods significantly, especially in the usage of architectural design softwares throughout the design process. Proficiency to operate certain software has become one of important considerations in professional architectural practice, because such skill will affect the whole process and outputs. With excellent skill, one can visualize and communicate design more effectively, rather than other individuals that use more updated software features but still learning to operate them. On the other hand, the learning process in architectural design studios always has a theme that can be classified to certain building typologies. This research aims to study the relation between building typology and software preferences in each design stage, from students point of view. The targeted students are the ones in third and fourth year of study, where the digital media are utilized in the studio process. The data obtained from questionnaires will be analyzed further using descriptive and correlational analysis. The findings from this research will serve as an input for the development of architectural education curriculum, regarding the most relevant and beneficial architectural software in each design process, from students' preferences.

Digital occupancy assessment for lighting evaluation: a pilot study to prepare for real-time research results

The relationship between lighting and human well-being is pivotal in architecture and environmental design. Adequate lighting enhances visual appeal and significantly influences occupant comfort, productivity, and satisfaction. This pilot study aimed to integrate digital occupancy assessment methods to understand indoor lighting conditions' impact on occupant well-being. Hypotheses explored the potential link between lighting conditions and occupant well-being, as assessed through physiological indicators and the influence of interior attributes on occupants' perceptions and physiological responses. The identified main components were satisfaction with artificial and daylighting, ambiance, and stimulation. The study explored the relationship between lighting conditions, physiological responses, and subjective assessments, revealing potential influences on occupant perceptions. A real-time data visualization could be valuable for data-intensive projects, enhancing comprehension and decision-making for facility management. While limited by the small sample size, trends, and moderate correlations were observed, indicating the need for larger, more diverse samples in future research.

Data Mining Forecasting Methods for Predicting the Availability of Sustainable Rice Commodities in Bali Province

This research aims to prepare the capacity of local governments to provide sufficient strategic food production, especially rice, which is the commodity most consumed by the people of Gianyar Regency every year. This research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data used in the analysis is secondary data in the form of rice production data (tons), rice production (tons), harvested area (ha), public consumption of rice commodities (kg) and population (people) from 2018 to 2022. obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Bali Province Agriculture and Food Security Service. The results of this research show that the forecasting method using the Backpropagation algorithm can be used to provide an approach to forecasting rice harvest area, rice production, rice production, community consumption levels, and population in 2023 and 2024 in Gianyar Regency. The Backpropagation architectural design uses 12 input layers, 10 hidden layers, and 1 output with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) results of 0.22 and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of 339 with a very good forecasting category. The average ratio of normative per capita consumption to food availability, especially rice commodities in Gianyar Regency in 2023 will experience a high deficit condition with a Cnorm Ratio value (z) = 1.52 and in 2024 will experience a high deficit condition with a Cnorm Ratio value (z) = 1.57. The forecasting method using the Backpropagation Algorithm can still be developed by focusing on each district by calculating the overall food commodities in that district.