Architectural Design Strategies Research Articles

A Bioinspired Design of Protective Al2O3/Polyurethane Hierarchical Composite Film Through Layer-By-Layer Deposition.

Structural materials such as ceramics, metals, and carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) are frequently threatened by large compressive and impact forces. Energy absorption layers, i.e., polyurethane and silicone foams with excellent damping properties, are applied on the surfaces of different substrates to absorb energy. However, the amount of energy dissipation and penetration resistance are limited in commercial polyurethane foams. Herein, a distinctive nacre-like architecture design strategy is proposed by integrating hard porous ceramic frameworks and flexible polyurethane buffers to improve energy absorption and impact resistance. Experimental investigations reveal the bioinspired designs exhibit optimized hardness, strength, and modulus compared to that of polyurethane. Due to the multiscale energy dissipation mechanisms, the resulting normalized absorbed energy (≈8.557MJ m-3) is ≈20 times higher than polyurethane foams under 50% quasi-static compression. The bioinspired composites provide superior protection for structural materials (CFRP, glass, and steel), surpassing polyurethane films under impact loadings. It is shown CFRP coated with the designed materials can withstand more than ten impact loadings (in energy of 10 J) without obvious damage, which otherwise delaminates after a single impact. This biomimetic design strategy holds the potential to offer valuable insights for the development of lightweight, energy-absorbent, and impact-resistant materials.

Research on the Energy Consumption Influence Mechanism and Prediction for the Early Design Stage of University Public Teaching Buildings in Beijing

The public teaching buildings of universities have a large flow of people, high lighting requirements, and large energy consumption, which present significant potential for energy saving. The greatest opportunity for integrating “green” architectural design strategies lies in the design phase, especially the early stage of architectural design. However, current designers often rely on experience or qualitative judgment for decision-making. Thus, there is a pressing need for rational and quantitative green architectural design theories and techniques to guide and support decision-making for the design parameters of teaching buildings. This study, based on field surveys of 40 teaching buildings, constructs building archetypes regarding energy consumption including 28 typical values. Based on the “Rectangle”, “L”, “U”, and “Courtyard” archetypes, through batch energy consumption simulation and multiple regression methods, the influence mechanisms of nine energy consumption influencing factors on four types of building energy consumptions were explored, and energy consumption prediction models were derived. The findings of this research can serve as factor evaluation and selection in the early stage of architectural design for public teaching buildings at universities, and the prediction model can assist in the early estimation of energy consumption. This aims to enrich and supplement green architectural design methods by supporting the design of green public teaching buildings and providing reference and application for relevant engineering practices.

Architectural Peculiarities of the Structure of Technoparks and Technopolises

This research aims to explore the architectural features that define modern technoparks and technopolises as innovative hubs for knowledge-based industries worldwide. By analyzing various case studies from leading global centers, we seek to identify commonalities in design principles, spatial organization, and urban planning strategies that contribute to their success as catalysts for technological advancement and economic growth. Through a comprehensive analysis of diverse case studies, this study identifies recurring design principles, spatial arrangements, and urban planning methodologies that underpin their efficacy as drivers of technological progress and prosperity. The methodology involves an in-depth examination of case studies from prominent technoparks and technopolises worldwide. Analysis is conducted to identify recurring patterns in architectural design, spatial organization, and urban planning strategies. By synthesizing findings from these case studies, this research elucidates the critical factors shaping the architectural landscape of technoparks and technopolises. The results highlight the importance of functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability in architectural design to foster collaboration, creativity, and innovation within these complexes. Spatial organization prioritizes connectivity and accessibility, facilitating interaction among stakeholders and promoting a conducive environment for knowledge exchange and interdisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, integration of amenities such as green spaces and mixed-use developments enhances the quality of life for occupants and contributes to the overall vibrancy of these innovation clusters. In conclusion, the architectural peculiarities of technoparks and technopolises play a significant role in shaping their identity as catalysts for technological advancement and economic prosperity. Understanding these architectural features provides valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and architectural practitioners to strategically plan and sustainably develop technologically-driven urban environments. Leveraging design innovation can cultivate vibrant innovation ecosystems, propelling societies towards a more sustainable and knowledge-driven future.

Retraction Note to: Financial inclusion and low-carbon architectural design strategies: solutions for architectural climate conditions and architectural temperature on new buildings.

Retraction Note to: Financial inclusion and low-carbon architectural design strategies: solutions for architectural climate conditions and architectural temperature on new buildings.

Low-cost, stable all-inorganic charge transporting layer based FAPI perovskite solar cells achieving ≈ 26% efficiency using SCAPS-1D

The superior opto-electronic properties of metal halide perovskites have uncovered great potential as light harvesters for thin-film photovoltaics, capturing the dominant research trend for over a decade now. While Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) depict promising results of a successful photovoltaic technology, further replacement of conventional charge transporting layers (CTLs) with inorganic counterparts can impart sustainable device stability and cost-effectiveness. Here, we represent a theoretical study aimed to analyse the performance of Formamidinium Lead Iodide (FAPI) based PSCs using SCAPS-1D simulation tool (version 3.3.09). The solar cell is designed into a novel, and cost-effective inverted p-i-n architecture comprising of inorganic transporting layers. The introduction of a thin CuI buffer layer accompanied with the hole transporting layer (HTL) was found to boost the device performance greatly. Furthermore, a systematic analysis of the device parameters was carried out based on crucial factors like thickness of the absorber, CTLs, and buffer layer, interfacial defect densities (Nit), series resistances (RS) and working temperature (T). In addition to this, we also conducted a study on the combined effect of absorber defect density (Nt) and thickness on our simulated PSC. Our optimized device configuration ITO/CuI/Cu2O/FAPI/ZnO/Al, resulted in an ideal device efficiency of ≈ 26% and a reasonably high efficiency of 21.58% adopting a more realistic approach. This study therefore focuses on an economical architectural design strategy with an emphasis on device efficiency, and its long-term sustainability.

Optimal urban sustainable design for residential village in Al-Baha region: application five roles strategies

AbstractThis paper evaluates and discusses the proposed design for a low carbon environmental village in Al-Baha region. It considers its viability in view of local renewable energy sources, climatic conditions and local vernacular architectural identity. Five areas were targeted when designing the village: (a) low carbon architectural design strategies; (b) on-site renewable energy strategies; (c) selection of local construction materials; (d) exploitation of rain water harvesting and greywater recycling; and (e) waste disposal recycling and management. The used approach is to design a sustainable village with its facilities in prospective of environmental requirements social needs. The design follow application five roles’ strategies from the literature and depending on local site challenges, available of natural in a location of Al-Baha gate from the airport. The site selected is located along the main highway that connects Al-Baha city to its nearest airport. The chosen area is 4,945,000 m2 and has a flat topography with mountains located relatively close by. The findings present in the study plans for comprehensive sustainable low carbon energy village, which meet the climatic requirements and exploiting natural resources operated by natural renewable energy. This village is designed for typical Saudi families, and will be built from local construction materials. The design includes more than 6150 residential units powered by photovoltaic (PV) panels, and local services using wind energy. The energy requirements for the whole village were calculated based on macro and micro energy generation. Local regulatory standards and sustainability criteria have also been met for the proposed village. Five experts also evaluated the five-purpose design proposition. The impact of designing sustainable villages will lead in protection of environment improved the life and health quality as well as economic benefits. The benefits of addressing five aims are highlighted and the study concluded with some recommendations.

Architectural Design Strategies for Smart Cities

The rapid development of science and technology in China has given rise to the concept of a smart city. A smart city has certain characteristics of integration and extensiveness, making it a popular topic for discussion. The emergence of smart cities brings about changes to people’s lifestyles, promotes economic development, and results in the innovation of environment protection work. Therefore, urban buildings should be designed based on the smart city concept to better meet people’s demands. Therefore, this article describes the definition of smart buildings and smart cities, the characteristics of smart city concepts, and the importance of smart city concepts in architectural design. Lastly, smart city architectural design strategies are proposed.

EWOLUCJA UKŁADÓW FUNKCJONALNO-STRUKTURALNYCH BIUROWYCH BUDYNKÓW WYSOKICH I WYSOKOŚCIOWYCH W KONTEKŚCIE ROZWIĄZAŃ BIOFILNYCH W POCZĄTKACH XXI W

The article analyzes the functional and structural solutions of office high-rise and tall buildings developed in the early 21st century, incorporating biophilic design principles. The study identifies two primary trends in the way their functional layouts are designed. The analysis of the evolution of functional and structural changes is presented in the context of contemporary architecture development, with a specific reference to the modernism era. The conclusions drawn from the research highlight biophilic ideas as a crucial element in sustainable architectural design strategies.

Architectural design of office buildings in vietnam’s coastal cities for reduced energy consumption

Office buildings are considered one among largest energy consumers compared with other categories due to day-time operation of lighting and office supplies. The used energy is critically higher in the air-conditioned buildings where HVAC system is enabled over course of the day and even the year. In major Vietnamese coastal cities blessed with Nature’s mild climate, the majority of local office buildings are of gathered-block typology that fails to consider the favourable aspects of climate condition. At first, this study aims to investigate the influences on indoor comfort and energy consumption of two key factors, i.e. outdoor climate and solar radiation, in major Vietnamese coastal cities based on bio-climatic analysis of 20-year historical meteorological data from 1981 to 2000. Then, the study suggests the optimal architectural design (Strategies of Climate Control) of office buildings in the considered towns to maximize climatic favours for reduction of energy use, particularly ones for HVAC. In this research, case study is the Danang Administrative Center building.

Impact of architectural design strategies on the indoor natural ventilation of public residential buildings in Singapore

The architectural design pattern of the public residential buildings developed by Housing and Development Board (HDB) of Singapore has evolved gradually throughout the past decades. However, the fact is that although the new generations of HDB blocks built in recent years are designed to be modernized, the usage of air-conditioning has been increasing in comparison with the old generations. This study aims to investigate the ventilation performance of HDB blocks built in different generations from a historical view. By conducting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on five typical blocks built in different generations, the area-weighted wind velocities in various rooms of the target units were obtained. The effects of design factors on wind velocity ratio (VR) in corresponding spaces were analyzed and compared. The results show that the old generations with parallel plan layouts generally facilitate cross-ventilation while the new generations with centralized plan layouts usually generate single-sided ventilation which is more sensitive to incoming wind direction. Meanwhile, the window-to-wall ratio and shading depth of the studied facades were validated to have positive and negative relations to the VRs respectively. Though the correlations are insignificant, they show significant disparities between the scenarios under different incoming winds.

Daylight Analysis in Terms of Building Direction and One-Way Roof

The location of the buildings in the residential area is very important in protecting or benefiting from sunlight. The dynamic structure of the sun, which constantly changes according to time and seasons, directly affects the building's architecture and urban formation. Ignoring the sun's use of the structures during the construction of the buildings can cause significant disturbances to the residents. Daylight strategies, which are also influenced by climate, depend on the availability of natural light, determined by the latitude of the building site and the instantaneous conditions around the building. High latitudes have different summer and winter conditions, with lower daylight levels in winter. At these latitudes, designers often aim to maximize daylight penetration in buildings. In the tropics, where daylight levels are high throughout the year, the design emphasis is often on preventing overheating by limiting the amount of sunlight entering the building. Daylight availability depends not only on latitude, but also on the orientation of a building, and each facade and material of the building requires a different design importance. Therefore, daylight and architectural design strategies are two inseparable phenomena. In this respect, examining traditional architecture and successful natural lighting designs in the past is very useful for understanding climate-balanced building design. For this purpose, determining the roof slope according to the sun angle in architectural structures by calculating according to the location provides efficiency in many issues from energy efficiency to human health.

Designing Clinical MRI for Enhanced Workflow and Value.

MRI is an expensive and traditionally time-intensive modality in imaging. With the paradigm shift toward value-based healthcare, radiology departments must examine the entire MRI process cycle to identify opportunities to optimize efficiency and enhance value for patients. Digital tools such as "frictionless scheduling" prioritize patient preference and convenience, thereby delivering patient-centered care. Recent advances in conventional and deep learning-based accelerated image reconstruction methods have reduced image acquisition time to such a degree that so-called nongradient time now constitutes a major percentage of total room time. For this reason, architectural design strategies that reconfigure patient preparation processes and decrease the turnaround time between scans can substantially impact overall throughput while also improving patient comfort and privacy. Real-time informatics tools that provide an enterprise-wide overview of MRI workflow and Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)-integrated instant messaging can complement these efforts by offering transparent, situational data and facilitating communication between radiology team members. Finally, long-term investment in training, recruiting, and retaining a highly skilled technologist workforce is essential for building a pipeline and team of technologists committed to excellence. Here, we highlight various opportunities for optimizing MRI workflow and enhancing value by offering many of our own on-the-ground experiences and conclude by anticipating some of the future directions for process improvement and innovation in clinical MR imaging. EVIDENCE LEVEL: N/A TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

Rational Design of Bismuth Metal Anodes for Sodium-/Potassium-Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have drawn widespread attention for application in large-scale accumulation energy because of their plentiful resources and lower cost. However, the lack of anodes with high energy density and long cycle lifetimes has hampered the progress of SIBs and PIBs. Bismuth (Bi), an alloying-type anode, on account of its high volumetric capacity and cost advantage, has become the most potential candidate for SIBs and PIBs. Nevertheless, Bi anodes undergo significant volume strain during the insertion and extraction of ions, resulting in the crushing of structures and a volatile solid electrolyte interface (SEI). As a result, the tactics to boost the electrochemical properties of Bi metal anodes in recent years are summarized in this study. Recent advances in designing nanostructure Bi-based materials are reviewed, and the reasonable effects of architectural design and compound strategy on the combination property are discussed. Some reasonable strategies and potential challenges for the design of Bi-based materials are also summarized. This review aims to provide practical guidance for the development of alloying-type anode materials for next-generation SIBs and KIBs.

Association between Wind Environment and Spatial Characteristics of High-Rise Residential Buildings in Cold Regions through Field Measurements in Xi’an

Research on the correlation between wind and block spatial form focuses mainly on hot and humid cities. However, cold regions are also experiencing high summer temperatures due to global climate change. Enhancing wind speed in blocks through urban spatial control improves comfort. Existing research cannot be directly applied to cold regions due to natural differences. Using Xi’an as an example, this study explores the impact of high-rise residential block spatial form on internal and external wind environments through field measurements and simulations. Optimal strategies for block planning and architectural design are identified to improve the wind environment. Results show that blocks with high buildings on the south and north sides and low buildings in the middle achieve a more comfortable internal wind environment. Gradually increasing building height from south to north has minimal impact on downwind blocks. Reducing the angle between the main facade and dominant wind direction enhances the residential area’s wind environment. Specific spatial planning and design strategies are summarized for early-stage decision-making.

Programmable and Ultrasensitive Haptic Interfaces Enabling Closed‐Loop Human–Machine Interactions

AbstractIntuitive, efficient, and unconstrained interactions require human–machine interfaces (HMIs) to accurately recognize users' manipulation intents. Susceptibility to interference and conditional usage mode of HMIs will lead to poor experiences that limit their great interaction potential. Herein, a programmable and ultrasensitive haptic interface enabling closed‐loop human–machine interactions is reported. A cross‐scale architecture design strategy is proposed to fabricate the haptic interface, which optimizes the hierarchical contact process. The synergistic optimization of the cross‐scale architecture between carbon nanotubes and the multiscale sensing structure realizes a haptic interface with ultrahigh sensitivity and a wide detection range of 15.1 kPa−1 and 180 kPa, which are improved by more than 900% over the performance of the common interface. The rapid response time of <5 ms and the limit of detection of 8 Pa of the haptic interface far surpass the somatosensory perception of human skin, which enables the haptic interface to accurately recognize interactive intents. A wireless pressure‐data interactive glove (wireless PDI glove) is designed and realizes a round‐the‐clock operation, noise immunity, and efficient interactive control, which perfectly compensate for the flaws of typical vision and voice recognition modes.

The Effects of Rhythm on Building Openings and Fenestrations on Airflow Pattern in Tropical Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Effective passive airflow in low-rise residential buildings in hot-humid environment is crucial to maintaining good indoor thermal comfort for occupants. However, investigation of effects of the rhythm of window openings on achieving a passive airflow pattern in such buildings in the tropical climate of sub-Saharan Nigeria have been rarely studied. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of the rhythm of window openings on passive airflow patterns for indoor thermal comfort in low-rise residential buildings in the hot-humid environment of Obosi, Nigeria. It involved experimental research using the Anemometer TA465 instrument for measuring wind velocity, relative humidity, and temperature of the purposively designated buildings in the three layouts of the study area for both wet and dry seasons. Employing the Yamane statistical formula, a sample size of 433 was obtained, and questionnaires were administered to occupants of the studied buildings and analyzed using categorical Regression Analysis (CATREG). The regression analysis showed that p=0.000, i.e. p<0.05 indicating that there was a significant relationship between the type and sizes of windows (elements used in measuring rhythm) and the intensity or force of breeze (a measure of passive airflow pattern). Further analysis of the data involved the use of Autodesk CFD 2018 (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for building wind flow simulations. The result showed variations in temperature levels (indications of differences in indoor thermal comfort) of various indoor spaces of the investigated designated floors and buildings, especially ground floors and the top-most floors of the buildings. The study underscored the need to use architectural rhythm design strategies to create a positive impact on airflow patterns in low-rise buildings, especially in densely built-up urban areas. The results of this study are instructive in noting that in order to attain passive airflow in buildings in the face of challenge of land restrictions, vertical stacking of building floors could be used once an adequate rhythm of window openings is adopted. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-016 Full Text: PDF

Architectural Design Criteria Considering the Circular Economy and Buildability for Smart Disaster Relief Shelter Prototyping

The frequency of natural disasters is exacerbated by the escalating impacts of climate change with the need for effective relief shelters for victims and displaced individuals. Providing accessible and easy-to-assemble relief shelters is essential in addressing these needs. Due to climate-related challenges and the need for sustainable solutions, the integration of circularity principles in shelter design has become imperative. Circular economy principles promote the efficient use of resources, minimising waste generation and the cost of shelters. Moreover, a considerable number of people usually suffer from homelessness, and an increasing number of families live in slums in every part of the globe. All such people are entitled to be housed in affordable, safe, and appropriate shelters for at least several months after a disaster until they can either rebuild their former houses or find somewhere decent to settle after recovering from the hardship. With the aim of investigating the immediate housing needs of people after a disaster, this paper identifies the essential factors that must be taken into account during shelter design. The paper also presents the prototype developed on the basis of theoretical criteria and the identified factors. The paper’s main objectives were to design an easy-to-assemble emergency shelter on circular economy principles, identify critical factors for the circularity and buildability of the shelter, and present a proposed smart shelter acceptance model. The methodology behind the research involves conducting an intensive literature review and creating a novel prototype of a smart disaster relief shelter on the basis of long-run laboratory work and various prototype iterations. The paper presents the details of the novel prototype and shows materials that enhance the circularity of the shelter, according to a unique architectural design strategy of ‘reusing’ materials to enhance circularity practice in the design and construction sectors. The prototype was developed in a workshop after 6 months of reiterations using plastic water bottles, basic pipes, and other reusable materials. Then, by incorporating the essential factors, a set of criteria was designed that can be used as a guide for the architectural design of shelters. The criteria offered in this paper are useful to evaluate each factor’s importance in shelter design. In total, 51 effective factors in designing and constructing such accommodation are presented, clustered into five design strategy groups: social–cultural, physical–technical, environmental, economic, and organisational.

Circularity Indicators as a Design Tool for Design and Construction Strategies in Architecture

This study addresses the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of circular economy principles in architectural design and construction practices. It highlights the fragmented knowledge and lack of a unified approach to circular design as a major obstacle hindering the adoption of circularity. The existing frameworks for assessing circularity, such as the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI) protocol and the Level(s) assessment protocol, are applied to two projects with a high degree of deconstruction to understand their applicability in the architectural design process and identify their limitations. The study emphasises the significance of considering structural connectivity and circularity strategies during the concept-design stage, advocating for the incorporation of circularity at various scales beyond the microscale of materials. Furthermore, it emphasises the need for early implementation of Design for Disassembly (DfD) strategies on circularity scoring to enable meaningful comparisons of alternative designs using circularity metrics. The findings reveal the variability of circularity indicators based on the hierarchy of disassembly and highlights an early-stage design approach to deconstruction strategies to achieve circularity in architectural design. Overall, this study upscales the significance of a comprehensive and integrated approach to circularity in architectural design practices.

Future effectiveness of passive house design strategies

Passive architectural design strategies have been an effective response to the energy crisis of the 20th century. In temperate climates, their integration results in thermal behaviors that combine indoor comfort and energy efficiency. However, projected future climate change scenarios will not offer the same performances, resulting in such strategies being less effective. The objective of this work is to quantify the relative change in the effectiveness of passive design strategies in dwellings for arid temperate-cold climates (Bwk), taking the city of Mendoza (Argentina) as an example. Regarding future climate projections for warm arid climates (Bwh), using the CMIP5’s RCP8.5 scenario, equivalent to the IPCC’s CMIP6 SSP85 scenario, the results show a 20% decrease in the number of hours in annual comfort, with a 24% increase in the need for passive summer strategies.

Financial inclusion and low-carbon architectural design strategies: solutions for architectural climate conditions and architectural temperature on new buildings.

The objective of this research is to explore the potential of financial inclusion and low-carbon architectural design strategies as solutions to improve the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of new buildings in different architectural climate conditions. The manufacture sector, which accounts for about 40% of all yearly greenhouse gas releases, has been stimulating with trying to reduce the amount of energy it consumes and the detrimental effects it has on the climate, in accordance with the standards outlined in the 2016 Paris Agreement. In this study, panel data analysis is used to examine the connection between green property financing and carbon dioxide emissions from the building sector in one hundred and five developed and developing countries. Although this analysis finds a negative correlation among the development of environmentally friendly real estate financing and firms' worldwide carbon dioxide emissions, it finds that this correlation is most robust in developing nations. A number of these countries are experiencing an unregulated and rapid population explosion, which has boosted their demand for oil, making this discovery essential for them. The difficulty in securing green funding during this crisis is slowing and even reversing gains made in past years, making it all the more important to keep this momentum going during the COVID-19 outbreak. It's critical to keep the momentum going by doing something.