Architectural Design Principles Research Articles

FENG SHUI IN MODERN HOUSE DESIGN SEARCHING FOR THE RATIONALE AND POSSIBLE IMPACTS ASSESSMENT

The Feng Shui, the "wind-water", is a Chinese system of geomancy using the laws of both Heaven and Earth for harmony and balance of life with the positive qi. Feng Shui is widely used to orient temples, palaces, shops, houses, and other structures, with the reference to local features such as bodies of water, stars, or a compass. The Feng Shui also informs the physical arrangements for manipulation and channeling the qi (positive or negative energy). Although Feng Shui is related to traditional believe and propitious manner, but some of its principles are rational. The current research is conducted to investigate any positive impacts of the Feng Shui application in modern house design. A house in Jakarta designed with Feng Shui was analyzed. The strategies were later examined based on the sustainable architectural design principles, especially its impact on the house functionality.

A Reference Architecture for Mobile SOA

ABSTRACTIntegration of mobile devices into a service‐oriented system involves the consideration of architectural design principles and trade‐offs among interdependent design decisions to cope with limitations of mobile devices in terms of resources available within a device and aspects of network connectivity. Mobile devices consume some services and provide others. A reference architecture (RA) that provides solutions, baseline and future insights is the priority in designing efficient mobile service oriented architecture (SOA). This paper discusses nuances of the concept of RA. The paper presents a survey of 26 mobile SOA patterns and proposes mobile SOA RA that extends Open Group SOA RA based on the catalogue of mobile SOA patterns proposed in this paper. Evaluations are made and discussed for both RA and its possible instantiation.

Using design principles to deliver strategy in a new organisational structure

The UK Office for National Statistics' (ONS) vision is to be widely respected for informing debate and improving decision-making through high quality, easy to use statistics and analyses on the UK's economy and society. ONS is responsible for the collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination of a range of statistics in line with the UK Code of Practice for Official Statistics. However, like other statistical organisations, ONS faces increasing pressures for more data, available in less time, in more accessible formats, while maintaining high quality standards and coping with an increasingly difficult financial situation. To address these challenges and help the organisation meet these demands, the office instigated the ONS 2012 programme which brought about changes to the way the office functions, including major changes to its internal organisational structure. The pro- gramme aimed to reshape ONS to better meet its future challenges. The motivation behind this restructure can be linked back to the original design principles of the ONS Design Authority; for example moving away from a stovepipe model, and designing so- lutions that can be shared and integrated across ONS. With regard to integration, one of the key organisational changes made was to bring together the Methodology and Information Management directorates to create a new directorate, Strategy and Standards. This directorate brings together the methodologists who specify the statistical methods with the Information Technology (IT) teams that build and maintain the systems, and provides the opportunity for new ways of working. Design Authority principles are also embedded into the aims of the new directorate; for example providing common standards for statistics and statistical systems. At the heart of the new Strategy and Standards directorate is the ONS Strategy, which has been developed by a new Strategy Division. The ONS Strategy sets out the vision for the organisation; what it aspires to and how this will be achieved. The strategy also aligns with IT architectural design and Design Authority principles. One of the key aims of the new directorate is to deliver this strategy, and ONS methodologists and IT experts are working together to achieve this. This paper sets out ONS's experience so far in developing and implementing the strategy in the new organisational structure, plus some key successes and challenges.

Research on the History and Characteristics of Xi'an Higher Learning Institutions' Planning and Architecture Design

Research and discussion on Xian higher learning institutions planning and architecture design both home and abroad both have the phenomenon of inadequate basic date on construction schedule, planning and architecture design principles etc. This article based on basic data and oral history interview of experiencers tries to correct the amend the mentioned problems and discusses and probes into the history and characteristics of higher learning institutions planning and architecture design in Xian .

Optical methods for formation of radiation patterns of phased array antennas

It is shown that architectural design principles based on application of photonics methods have prospects for the development of ultra-wideband and ultrashort-pulse radars. Transmitting and receiving systems with optical controllers based on dispersing fiber-optic prisms are considered. Design versions of a photoconductive antenna excited by picosecond optical pulses and a wideband photoelectronic pattern shaper on the basis of analog vector modulation are presented. A method for compensation of antenna distortion effects arising during transmission of an ultrashort pulse with the use of an optical shaping technique is described.

Emerging sustainability assessment tools in the MENA region: An analytical evaluation

Since the early 1990's, the concept of sustainable development in general and sustainable architectural design in particular has remained the subject of intense debate. Importantly, however, this debate has continued largely in isolation from the embracing theory of sustainable development from which the principles of sustainable architectural design have been drawn. The existing building sustainability assessment tools such as BREAAM, LEED, and Green Building are mainly proposed for use in the US and Europe. Recently, models and checklists have been made to develop sustainability assessment tools for the booming cities the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In Qatar, and in the face of the rapid economic growth, population increase and construction boom, there are issues related to the impact of such development on the socio-environmental components of the city, especially with the upcoming 2022 world cup. The market has identified Qatar, in the Arabian Gulf, as one of the busiest construction areas in...

Design and construction principles in nature and architecture

This paper will focus on how the emerging scientific discipline of biomimetics can bring new insights into the field of architecture. An analysis of both architectural and biological methodologies will show important aspects connecting these two. The foundation of this paper is a case study of convertible structures based on elastic plant movements.

Hospital seguro frente aos desastres: uma reflexão sobre biossegurança e arquitetura

One of the biggest challenges in today's society is facing adversity caused by disasters. Health facilities, especially hospitals, are considered essential in these situations. This article discusses the principles of architectural design of hospitals safe from disasters, as proposed by the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization. Designing a safe hospital requires multidisciplinary efforts, involving administrators, architects, engineers, physicians, and nurses. The planning of each hospital demands the analysis of specific risks and safety concerns. The concept of biosafety should also be addressed in planning safe hospitals. The balance between architectural aspects and biosafety provides an understanding of work-associated risks, facilitating the adequate planning of spaces to support response actions to emergencies. In short, the planning of a safe hospital requires the synthesis of various types of expertise, including those relating to biosafety and architecture. These principles should support the appraisal of safe hospitals and architectural planning with a focus on preparing facilities to function at full capacity even in the face of adverse situations.

B2B Brand Architecture

This article, based on work with dozens of Business-to-Business firms, extracts general principles of brand architecture design based on specific examples, and then tests these principles by applying them more broadly to a wide sample of brand architectures. B2B brand architecture is a function of two key dimensions: the organizational structure, in particular, the extent to which a firm is centralized or decentralized (in terms of its product range, sales, and marketing); and the extent to which the firm's market offerings are standardized versus customized. This framework and the axiom of risk alleviation through the sales process together capture the principal elements of B2B brand architecture design. (Business to business (B2B), Brand management, Case Study)

Balanced MVC Architecture for High Efficiency Mobile Applications

Mobile devices such as Android devices are emerging as a convenient client computing device with mobility and context-sensing capability. However, the computing power and hardware resource of the devices are limited due to their small form-factor. Consequently, large-scaled applications could not be deployed on these devices. Nonetheless, if the large-scaled applications are deployed and executed on the devices, high performance of the applications cannot be guaranteed. To remedy the limitation in terms of performance, it is inevitable to let some heavy-weight functionality executed on the server side and let a client application invoke the functionality in the server. To realize this kind of mobile applications, we adopt well-defined architecture design principles; being thin-client, being layered with Model-View-Controller (MVC), and being balanced between client side and server side. By adopting the principles, we propose a unique, ideal and practical architecture for mobile applications, called balanced MVC architecture. By considering the principles, key design considerations of realizing balanced MVC architecture lie in functionality partitioning. Hence, we define key criteria of determining the degree of performance. And, we define a method to design a balanced MVC architecture which embodies functionality partitioning for high performance, and a simulation-based evaluation method of balanced MVC architectures.

A General Principle of Neural Arbor Branch Density

The tree-like structures of a neuron that are responsible for distributing (axons) or collecting (dendrites) information over a region of the brain are called arbors. The size of the territory occupied by an arbor and the density of the arbor branches within that territory are important for computation because these factors determine what fraction of a neural map is sampled by a single cell and at what resolution [1]. Arbor territory size and branch density can vary by many orders of magnitude; however, we have identified a universal relationship between these two physical properties revealing a general neural architectural design principle. All of the arbors (axons and dendrites) we have studied (including fish retinal ganglion cells, rodent Purkinje cells, and the cortical arbors of various neural classes from rat, cat, monkey, and human) are found to be systematically less dense when they cover larger territories. This relationship can be described as a power law. Of several simple biological explanations explored, we find that this relationship is most consistent with a design principle that conserves the average number of connections between pairs of arbors of different sizes.

The Employment of Geometry in Creating Architectural Ideas in Twenties Revivalism Trend of the 20th Century

Geometry is presented as one of the concepts which has been employed as a design tool for creating architectural ideas in the design process throughout architectural history, as well as providing order and creating form intentionly. The importance of geometry has emerged, because it is considered the single most common determinant or characteristic in buildings. The paper discusses the importance of this concept and its employment as a formative idea during architectural history. Thus the objectives of the paper and its problem have been formed by building theoretical framework consisting of one main item of detailed theoretical field as the following: (procedures of creating architectural ideas by employing geometry which is, in term connected by two primary generators; geometric planes and solids with geometric fields or grids), which specifies procedures of employing geometry in creating architectural ideas in different architectural trends, firstly, then the application of this item on the products of three architects: Meier , Eisenman and Graves from the twenties Revivalism trend of the 20th century, secondly, Finally, concluding procedures and paradigms, which had been employed by architects of this trend in creating ideas, thirdly. Conclusions have been declared, concentration on the concept known as dynamic geometry which is based on a geometric order depending on the combination of both planes and solids with geometric fields, and the employment of both regular and unique free forms, throughout design systemization in making architecture, based on the dynamism of traditional geometric order, depending on selected design relations of formal elisions in the form of dynamic modifications and of grid compositions. Thus, dynamism or movement can be added as a primary principle to the different architecture design principles.

Defining New Architectural Design Principles with ‘Living’ Inorganic Materials

AbstractAt the University of Glasgow, Leroy Cronin is leading a group of scientists that are pioneering the engineering of a fundamentally new approach to building materials, which scales up from the nano scale to the micro. Cronin reflects on the possibilities of this new paradigm that gives inorganic cellular materials the potential to be ‘programmed’ to sense environmental changes, generate power, self‐repair, shift properties and even compete with other building materials for resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Architectural Design Principles and Processes for Sustainability: Towards a Typology of Sustainable Building Design

The shift towards sustainable buildings requires a transformation of the architectural design process. This paper examines how sustainability is embedded into design methodology and mapped onto, or has transformed, the design process in practise. Interviews with a sample of Scottish architectural and multi-disciplinary practices were undertaken to explore the common approaches and barriers to sustainable design. Case study methodology was also employed to consider exemplar buildings and the value of post-occupancy evaluation is discussed. Within the context of the global environmental perspective, UK and Scottish legislation, sustainable principles and blueprints, a process model is developed to provide a framework for discussion and review. The first creative step is given as an alignment of practice ethos with established architectural philosophies and principles, from across the sustainability spectrum, in order to move towards a typology of sustainable building design.

The User-Context Module: A New Perspective on Future Internet Design

Advances in ubiquitous sensing and computing technologies, combined with the well developed theories in cognitive science, present major opportunities for the future Internet. We argue that the future Internet should be a usercentric and context-aware communication network, which goes far beyond today's host-centric and store-forward Internet. In this article we propose to explicitly introduce the end-user's context information into the future Internet framework. We, therefore, define a new functional module called the User-Context Module, and describe its architecture and key design principles. We also present two User-Context Module applications to aid gaining an understanding of its operation and impacts.

Application of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory to Teaching Architectural Design Principles

Application of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory to Teaching Architectural Design Principles

Architectural acoustic design concepts for drama theaters.

The application of impulse response theory with architectural design principles provides a foundation for the acoustical design of drama theaters, linking the perceptions of the audience, acoustical measurements made in completed rooms, and acoustical modeling and simulations of rooms being designed. (1) Provide a quiet environment free from exterior and equipment noise; (2) design each interior surface of the room to be acoustically productive by having it contribute essential elements to the idealized impulse response of a drama theater; (3) use layered architectural/acoustic systems that accomplish multiple functions within one assembly that at once provides for sound reflection and diffusion of sounds to the audience on its interior face, reduces sounds from outside the building with its exterior skin, includes space for inlet and attenuation of return air systems within wall cavities, allows transit of HVAC and building structural systems within it, and has a variable layer at its outermost surface that can adjust the interior acoustical response of the room for varying performance types. The construction of the room impulse response element by element as the design of the theater emerges allows a vehicle for the integration of architecture, acoustics, and engineering systems to occur during design.

GIScience Research at the Thirtieth Annual ESRI International User Conference

GIScience Research at the Thirtieth Annual ESRI International User Conference

Integration of knowledge-based and generative systems for building characterization and prediction

AbstractThis paper discusses the integration of knowledge bases and shape grammars for the generation of building models, covering interaction, system, and implementation. Knowledge-based and generative systems are combined to construct a method for characterizing existing buildings, in particular, their interior layouts based on exterior features and certain other parameters such as location and real dimensions. The knowledge-based model contains information about spatial use, organization, elements, and contextual information, with the shape grammar principally containing style rules. Buildings are analyzed and layouts are generated through communication and interaction between these two systems. The benefit of using an interactive system is that the complementary properties of the two schemes are employed to strengthen the overall process. Ontologies capture knowledge relating to architectural design principles, building anatomy, structure, and systems. Shape grammar rules embody change through geometric manipulation and transformation. Existing buildings are analyzed using this approach, and three-dimensional models are automatically generated. Two particular building types, the vernacular rowhouse and high-rise apartment building, both from Baltimore, Maryland, are presented to illustrate the process and for comparing the utilized methodologies.

Architectural Design Principles of Public Spaces Based on Social Sustainability Approach: A Case Study in Ardabil, Iran

Architectural Design Principles of Public Spaces Based on Social Sustainability Approach: A Case Study in Ardabil, Iran