Construction Of Architectures Research Articles

Linear Paired Electrolysis Enables Redox-Neutral (3 + 2) Annulation of Benzofuran with Vinyldiazo Compounds.

Electrosynthesis has emerged as a versatile and sustainable tool in organic chemistry, offering an efficient pathway for the construction of complex molecular architectures under mild and environmentally benign conditions. Traditional electrochemical approaches, however, predominantly rely on either anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction, limiting their capacity to achieve redox-neutral transformations using a single electrode. In this work, we introduce a linear paired electrolysis strategy that circumvents these limitations, enabling a redox-neutral (3 + 2) annulation of benzofuran with vinyldiazo compounds. This method facilitates the formation of benzofuran-fused tricyclic scaffolds, which are valuable in synthetic chemistry and medicinal applications. The transformation proceeds through sequential anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, leveraging a radical cation pathway to deliver polycyclic compounds with high selectivity. The efficiency and mechanism of this process are thoroughly validated using cyclic voltammetry and in situ electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS) and supported by theoretical calculations, shedding light on the potential of redox-neutral electrochemical transformations.

Optimization of architectural design and construction with integrated BIM and PLM methodologies.

Digital transformation in the architecture industry encounters challenges such as data silos within design stages, between design and construction, and across the entire industry chain, including BIM and project management. This study introduces a pioneering approach for seamlessly integrating building information modeling (BIM) and product lifecycle management (PLM) within the management framework and collaborative workflows of architectural design and construction. The proposed methodology was implemented in two major projects, namely, the Wuhan Next-Generation Weather Radar Construction Project and the Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention Comprehensive Capacity Enhancement Project (Phase I), with the former being China's first end-to-end digitally integrated construction project. Compared with traditional projects, these implementations achieved improvements of 24.39% and 38.04%, respectively, in objective function values. The findings highlight the unique advantages of BIM-PLM integration in optimizing lifecycle management, enhancing cross-disciplinary, cross-enterprise, and cross-regional collaboration, improving project design efficiency and quality, and reducing costs and waste. This integration provides valuable insights into the digital advancement of the construction industry.

Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Cable-Driven Robot for 3D Printing Construction

Abstract Cable-driven robots are characterized by a large workspace, high speed and load-to-weight ratio, providing a new technology approach for large-scale autonomous 3D construction of lunar surface shelters. A novel deployable cable-driven construction 3D printer (CDCP) is developed in this study. Guiding pulleys and cable sagging are considered and modeled to improve the accuracy of the system. A fuzzy adaptive differential evolution PID (FDEPID) control is proposed to reduce end-effector motion errors in Cartesian space and thus improve printing quality and stability. Concentric and zigzag infill strategies are compared to optimize printing efficiency and infill effectiveness in path planning. Finally, experiments are carried out to validate the proposed FDEPID control and path planning strategies which demonstrate the great potential of the developed cable-driven printer in the construction of lunar architecture.

Identifying the policy configurational conditions for off-site construction development: a case of China

PurposeA series of policies have been formulated to promote off-site construction (OSC) development. However, the effectiveness of these policies has yet to be fully explored. This study aims to explore the practical policy configurational conditions for achieving a high level of OSC development.Design/methodology/approachData on policy configurational conditions and the OSC development level were collected from 28 provinces/municipalities in China using text mining. A mixed-method approach was used to conduct data analysis involving text analysis and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Text analysis was used to identify current policies with frequencies as independent variables and obtain the proportion of OSC projects in new construction projects as the dependent variable. QCA is employed to analyze the necessary and sufficient conditions of policy conditions for the high-level development of OSC by exploring the complex causal relationships between policy configurational conditions and the OSC development level.FindingsNine policies are obtained from the current policy framework for promoting OSC development using text analysis: industry supports, land policies, presale policies, reputation rewards, regulation controls, tax incentives, floor area rewards, financial subsidies, and loan subsidies. Four policy configurational conditions are identified that can achieve a high development level of OSC: three incentive-driven policy conditions with industry supports, presale policies, tax incentives, and floor area rewards as the core conditions, and one compulsory-driven policy conditions with land policies, financial supports, and loan supports as the core conditions using fuzzy set QCA. Moreover, our study found that a single policy cannot achieve a high level of OSC development as a necessary condition, and the policy configurational conditions that lead to high and nonhigh levels of OSC development are asymmetrical.Research limitations/implicationsThe study did not test the policy’s dynamic effects on the OSC development. A longitudinal study will be conducted to further identify the impact of policy on OSC implementation.Practical implicationsIt provides policymakers with four practical policy configurational conditions to promote OSC development and guides policymakers to optimize effective policies considering the interaction effects of effective policies such as industry supports, presale policies, tax incentives, and floor area rewards instead of their net effects.Originality/valueIt contributes to the existing literature concerning the effects of policy on emerging technology (i.e. OSC) promotion by elucidating configurative effects rather than net effects. Meanwhile, it enriches the research on the antecedent conditions that affect the implementation of other emerging technologies in the architecture engineering and construction industry.

Exploring user-led spatial practice and user design tools in urban low and middle-income residences: a study based in Kitulwatte, Colombo

In many developing Asian countries, informal user-led architectural production is prevalent, with dwellings designed and built largely without professional input. Unlike traditional architectural practices, where design, construction, and inhabitation are distinct phases, users perceive these aspects as interconnected, influencing each other continuously and simultaneously, resulting in unexpected and rich spatial experiences. This study focuses on informal user-led architectural production in Sri Lanka, examining the design methods users employ through Jonathan Hill’s framework of user creativity types. By analysing the architectural features of user-designed homes, identifying manifestations of user creativity, and assessing the influence of user-led production on urban adaptability and vibrancy, this research aims to underscore the creative and significant architectural contributions of users. Through an analysis of four residences in Kitulwatte, Colombo, the research reveals the conscious and subconscious processes inherent in user-led design, highlighting their substantial contribution to the urban fabric. This holistic approach transforms architecture from a static product into a dynamic process that continually evolves to meet individual needs. By elucidating the unique design tools and approaches employed by users, this paper enriches the discourse on architectural agency and challenges conventional notions of authorship, showcasing the profound impact of user influence on shaping the built environment.

Spatiotemporal piezoelectric microcapsules for programmable sonodynamic sterilization and wound healing

Hydrogel particles have certain practicability in facilitating wound healing, nowadays endeavors have been devoted to developing particles with architectural construction and controllable cargo release property for infected wound management. Here, inspired by the cocktail treatment, we propose a spatiotemporal piezoelectric microcapsule with potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-encapsulated shell and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded core (KV-MPs) via microfluidic technology for ultrasound (US)-assisted infected wound treatment. As a biocompatible piezoelectric material, KNN exert piezocatalytic redox and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating property under US excitation, contributing to bacterial elimination. With the degradation of the shell, the core exposes and sustainedly releases VEGF for angiogenesis and promoting tissue regeneration. In mice with infected wound, we have demonstrated that the US-excited KV-MPs can effectively fight bacteria and subsequent accelerate wound repair. These results indicated our spatiotemporal piezoelectric microcapsules provide an effective strategy for sonodynamic sterilization meanwhile realize tissue regeneration.

Preface: 3rd International Conference on Architecture, Geotechnical Engineering and Construction Technology (AGECT 2024)

The 2024 3rd International Conference on Architecture, Geotechnical Engineering and Construction Technology (AGECT 2024) was held in Barcelona, Spain from August 10-11, 2024. The conference brings together innovative scholars and industry experts in the fields of architecture design, urban planning, building materials, structural engineering, civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, and construction technology into a common forum. The main objective of AGECT 2024 was to promote research and development activities. Another goal is to promote the exchange of scientific information between researchers, engineers, PHDs, students, and practitioners working in the conference and workshop. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 8-15 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-40 minutes to hold their speeches. We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported AGECT 2024. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference. In particular, we would like to thank the organizing committee for its valuable inputs in shaping the conference program and reviewing the submitted papers. We are sure that the proceedings will serve as an important research source of references and knowledge, which will lead to not only scientific and engineering findings but also new products and technologies. With best regards, Conference Organizing Chair Barcelona, Spain

Electrochemical Switching of Electromagnetism by Hierarchical Disorder Tailored Atomic Scale Polarization.

High-frequency electronic response governs a broad spectrum of electromagnetic applications from radiation protection, and signal compatibility, to energy recovery. Despite various efforts to manage electric conductivity, dynamic control over dielectric polarization for real-time electromagnetic modulation remains a notable challenge. Herein, an electrochemical lithiation-driven hierarchical disordering strategy is demonstrated for actively modulating electromagnetic properties. The controllable formation and diffusion of coherent interfaces and cation vacancies tailor the coupling of atomic electric field and thus the locally polarized domains, which leads to the reversible electromagnetic transparency/absorption switching with a tunable range of -0.8--20.4 dB for the reflection loss and a broad operation bandwidth of 4.6 GHz. Compared to traditional methods of heteroatomic doping, hydrogenation, mechanical deformation, and phase transition, the electrochemical strategy shows a larger regulation scope of dielectric permittivity with the maximum increase ratios of 260% and 1950% for real and imaginary parts, respectively. This enables the construction of various device architectures including the adaptive window and pixelated metasurface. The results offer opportunities to achieve intelligent electromagnetic devices and pave an avenue to rejuvenate various electromagnetic functions of semiconductive oxides.

A Review of Structural Systems to be Built on Planets

The architectural construction process on planets is an architectural issue that develops day by day due to extreme environmental conditions and uncertainties. Architectural design needs structural systems to survive. Structural systems on planets encounter load factors that are different from the load factors on Earth. Choosing the optimum structural system is important for the structures planned to be built on planets to survive under the effects and loads of the environment and to adapt to human physiology. Some of the different types of structural systems used on Earth are featured in the literature for building a structure on planets. An evaluation system has been created to determine the correct system type for the first settlements on planets among the prominent structural system types and to narrow down the selection area of these system features. In line with this evaluation system in this study, a structural system model that stands up to harsh environmental conditions and protects human health is proposed for the first settlements on the planets. It is aimed that the evaluation system will be developed in the light of research emerging from developing technologies and can be used in future studies.

Biomimetic Liver Lobules from Multi‐Compartmental Microfluidics

AbstractEngineered liver lobule is highly practical in hepatic disease treatment, while constructing a 3D biomimetic lobule with a heterogeneous architecture on a large scale is challenging. Here, inspired by the natural architectural construction of hepatic lobules, biomimetic hepatic lobules are proposed with coaxially through‐pores for nutrient exchange via microfluidic technology. This multi‐channel microfluidic chip is made by parallelly installing capillaries. Sodium alginate (Alg) is pumped through its central channel, while Ca2+‐loaded gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) solutions encapsulating hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelia cells are pumped through surrounding channels, respectively. The rapid gelation of Alg and Ca2+ brings about an in situ formation of Alg fiber, with heterogeneous multi‐cell‐laden GelMA microcarriers forming around it. The peeled‐off microcarriers each featured with a coaxially through pore, simulating the cord‐like structure of hepatic lobule and facilitating nutrients exchange. Meanwhile, the spatially anisotropic arrangement of cells highly simulates the hepatic architecture. It is demonstrated that by transplanting these biomimetic microparticles into liver in situ, the failed liver in rat shows increased regeneration and decreased necrosis. These results indicated that the microfluidic multi‐compartmental microcarriers provide a new strategy to engineer 3D artificial livers for clinical translation.

Bidirectional Transmission Mapping of Architectural Styles of Tibetan Buddhist Temples in China from the 7th to the 18th Century

Architecture is the stone book of history, and the evolution of architectural styles showcases a non-verbal history constructed through images. As an important part of China’s historical and cultural heritage, the architectural forms and styles of Tibetan Buddhist temples were initially modeled on Tang dynasty temple architecture and gradually evolved into the most significant architectural types in regions such as Tibet and Qinghai in China. Religious architecture has also played a significant role in shaping regional cultural landscapes. Existing research on Tibetan Buddhist temples is primarily focused on qualitative studies of individual temple buildings. This research takes the spatiotemporal evolution of architectural styles of Tibetan Buddhist temples as an entry point and, for the first time, employs ArcGIS technology to visualize the spatial and geographical distribution of Tibetan Buddhist temples from the 7th to the 18th century, establishing a comprehensive academic vision that encompasses both historical stratification and cross-regional spatial correlations. By analyzing the cultural symbolic features embodied in the construction styles of Tibetan Buddhist temples and the visual characteristics reflected in their decorative arts, we propose two spatiotemporal dimensions for the formation and transmission of Tibetan Buddhist temple architectural styles: “Westward Transmission” and “Eastward Diffusion”. Firstly, from the 7th to the 9th centuries, the architectural style and construction techniques of Tang dynasty Buddhist temples were transmitted westward along the Tang–Tibet ancient road, integrating with local Tibetan elements to form the Tubo architectural style, which was further refined into the “Sino–Tibetan Combined Style” with strong visual characteristics around the 13th century. Subsequently, along with the spread of Tibetan Buddhism, this temple architectural style underwent an eastward diffusion from the 13th to the 18th century, reaching regions, such as Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and Beijing, presenting a spatial gradient from west to east in the geographical dimension. On this basis, in this research, we construct a historical evolution mapping of Tibetan Buddhist temple architectural styles based on bidirectional transmission, attempting to elucidate that the intrinsic driving forces are religious and the cultural identity that guided the bidirectional transmission mechanism of these architectural styles under the historical context of the formation and dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism from the 7th to the 18th century.

Seismic Upgrading of the Heritage-Protected Reinforced Concrete Warehouse in Rijeka, Croatia

Despite Croatia experiencing two strong earthquakes in 2020, Rijeka was not directly affected, underscoring the importance of proactive seismic assessment and strengthening in all seismic regions. This paper presents a comprehensive case study on the seismic strengthening of a 20th-century concrete building located in Rijeka, Croatia, originally designed according to Austro-Hungarian construction norms and practices. As a heritage-protected structure, the building’s architectural features and construction practices were examined and contextualized within its historical background. The assessment and renovation phases of this project are discussed in detail, demonstrating the practical application of modern seismic strengthening techniques while preserving the building’s historical integrity. This case study aims to highlight the need for such measures to protect heritage structures and to show the implementation of rapid and new (ad hoc) norms for earthquake-damaged buildings in Croatia. This study serves as a reference for engineers, architects, and conservationists involved in the preservation of heritage buildings, demonstrating that it is possible to enhance their structural safety without compromising their architectural authenticity.

Shabran Ancient Settlement: Architecture and Historical Significance of Azerbaijan

The article delves into the historical significance of modern Azerbaijan, particularly in terms of civilization formation. The author highlights the importance of architectural artifacts, fortified cities, and fortresses within the Shabran district. Special attention is given to defensive structures like the Shabran Hill Fort, which dates back to early Middle Ages. The article analyzes historical and archaeological data concerning the city emergence and development, outlines the military-strategic and economic significance of the territory alongside its water supply and trade features.Purpose: Study and analysis of archaeological, historical and architectural properties of the Shabran settlement as well as its role in the Azerbaijan history.Research findings: The author examines the city transition from a regional hub of crafts and trade into a small village, followed by its eventual destruction due to recurrent raids. Research identifies the influence of Sassanid Iranian architecture on the initial Shabran development, studies the history, and discoveries is link with the city. Particular focus on the architectural characteristics and construction of fortresses and castles unearthed after archaeological excavations.Value: The significance of research is in comprehending the historical and cultural context of urban development in Azerbaijan.

A Framework for Reviving Traditional Handicrafts: Craft Branding, Product Development, and Marketing Strategies for Dong Ethnic Craft in Sanjiang, China

The traditional Dong handicrafts of Sanjiang, rooted in the cultural heritage of the Dong ethnic group face challenges in retaining their market relevance while preserving their traditional characteristics. Despite their cultural and historical significance, these handicrafts struggle to meet the growing demands of the modern cultural and creative industries, leading to declining sales. This study examines the traditional handicrafts of the Dong community in China. It produces a theoretical framework that can be applied to revitalize them by focusing on three key areas: product development, craft branding and marketing strategies. The paper specifically explores traditional practices such as textile dyeing, wooden architecture construction, and silver craftsmanship, highlighting their cultural and economic importance in contemporary contexts. This research employs a case study method. Data collection process involved gathering and analyzing information from academic journals, government reports, and published magazines. It concludes that the marketability of Dong handicrafts could be enhanced through the development of innovative craft branding strategies that integrate traditional craftsmanship with modern design and technologies while safeguarding their cultural heritage. By employing insights from product development branding and marketing strategies, the paper proposes solutions to revitalize and sustain Dong handicraft traditions in the face of modernization and globalization. The research confirms that traditional Dong handicrafts, despite facing challenges from modernization, globalization, and technological advancements, can be revitalized through the strategic application of product development, branding and marketing frameworks.

Homemaking in White America: The Jue Joe Ranch, 1919–1958

abstract: Housing is an important architectural construct in the process of immigrant resettlement in receiving countries. This study situates the Jue Joe Ranch in the San Fernando Valley within the social and political contexts of spatial exclusion in agriculture and suburbia, as well as the identity formation processes of the family from 1919 to 1958. I argue that the homemaking practices of the Jue family constituted a spatial, architectural resistance to White dominance based on the family's changing Chinese American identities. Homemaking operated not only as a social response, but also as a temporal and spatial process articulated through various scales. While the first-generation immigrant Jue Joe used the land and buildings primarily as spaces of food production, the second- and third-generation children employed the built environment mainly for cultural production. They strategically and tactfully expressed their longing for the material aspects of Chinese traditions through the interior spaces and intangible everyday practices. These embodied experiences, which communicate important voices of resistance to spatial assimilation, continue to define the meanings of home for immigrant communities in America today.

A virtual reconstruction method for corridor gable buildings based on the knowledge of structural dynamics: taking Leiyin Cave as an example

Virtual reconstruction of ancient buildings often has incomplete records of the original design and construction details, and can only be reconstructed based on limited data, drawings and photography, which is different from the actual conditions. The unique overhanging structure of the corridor gable building makes it vulnerable to damage in extreme weather conditions. In order to ensure that the virtual reconstruction results can not only reproduce the original appearance of history, but also ensure that the reconstructed model maintains structural stability in the long term. This paper proposes a reconstruction method of the original appearance of the corridor gable building remains based on structural dynamics analysis. This method comprehensively uses three-dimensional reconstruction, structural engineering, dynamic analysis, and computer simulation technology to ensure the structural accuracy and historical authenticity of the virtually reconstructed corridor gable building. First, through data collection and analysis, combined with ancient architectural construction techniques, a preliminary three-dimensional model was created, which included all structural elements and details. Several groups of reconstruction schemes are determined based on material properties. Then, using finite element analysis software, perform dynamic analysis on the three-dimensional model. Evaluate the stability of the reconstructed structure and optimize the material selection plan to ensure the feasibility and accuracy of the virtual reconstruction. Taking the virtual reconstruction of the eaves in front of Leiyin Cave as an example, it shows that this method is effective and feasible to achieve the virtual reconstruction of corridor gable buildings. It provides new ideas for virtual reconstruction of ancient buildings and has important practical application value.

Self-Cooling Textiles—Substrate Independent Energy-Free Method Using Radiative Cooling Technology

Due to climate change, population increase, and the urban heat island effect (UHI), the demand for cooling energy, especially in urban areas, has increased and will further increase in the future. Technologies such as radiative cooling offer a sustainable and energy-free solution by using the wavelength ranges of the atmosphere that are transparent to electromagnetic radiation, the so-called atmospheric window (8–13 µm), to emit thermal radiation into the colder (3 K) outer space. Previous publications in the field of textile building cooling have focused on specific fiber structures and textile substrate materials as well as complex multi-layer constructions, which restrict the use for highly scaled outdoor applications. This paper describes the development of a novel substrate-independent coating with spectrally selective radiative properties. By adapting the coating parameters and combining low-emitting and solar-reflective particles, along with a matrix material emitting strongly in the mid-infrared range (MIR), substrate-independent cooling below ambient temperature is achieved. Moreover, the coating is designed to be easily applicable, with a low thickness, to ensure high flexibility and scalability, making it suitable for various applications such as membrane architecture, textile roofs, or tent construction. The results show a median daytime temperature reduction (7 a.m.–7 p.m.) of 2 °C below ambient temperature on a hot summer day.

Distributed Caching System with Strict Consistency Guarantee for Critical Information Infrastructure

The place of caching in modern information systems is considered. Typical models of network applications architecture construction and consistency guarantees that they provide to the end user are presented. A comparative analysis of analogues is given, which allows one to outline the features of the proposed system. The developed architecture is described. The architecture of a separate cluster node is described, as well as the architecture and implementation of software development kits for different programming languages. The specifics of designing complex client libra­ries for distributed systems are considered. The importance of consistency models is noted, their interrelationships and hierarchy are described based on the summarized information of existing research. A brief comparison of the two popular consensus algorithms, Raft and Paxos, is given in order to determine the basics of designing a common architecture. Industry leaders in caching systems emphasize performance, deliberately relaxing the consistency of the stored data. Using such systems in an environment that requires maintaining the order of events in the external world is difficult or involves the need for additional tools to maintain data consistency. This paper proposes a caching system that guarantees strict data consistency and provides a single interface for handling it, similar to industry leaders.

3D Porous Graphene Architecture Integrated with Cu2O for Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing Performance.

Construction and functionalization of a 3D graphene architecture are crucial to harness and extend the unique features of graphene and thus essential for its numerous conventional and novel applications. Herein, a 3D honeycomb-patterned porous graphene architecture is constructed through a facile and low-cost self-assembly process and then integrated with Cu2O nanoparticles via a simple electrodeposition procedure. The 3D porous graphene structure is prepared by the breath figure method using a graphene oxide (GO)-based complex in which GO is modified by a surfactant as the casting material. Benefiting from the intercalation of the surfactant between the GO nanosheets and the fabrication of a 3D porous structure, the aggregation inhibition of GO nanosheets and increases in accessible surface area are realized at both nano- and microscales, resulting in good electrochemical performance. Moreover, the deposition of Cu2O nanoparticles can further improve the electrochemical sensing performance of the porous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structure. Extremely low detection limit (30.72 nM) with a linear range of 0 μM to 30 μM, excellent anti-interference, repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and high accuracy for actual sample testing are shown when the 3D porous Cu2O/rGO film is applied as an electrochemical sensor for DA detection. This work provides not only a superior electrochemical biosensor but also a simple, yet effective and general strategy for the construction and functionalization of a 3D graphene structure.

OpenBIM in the global architecture engineering and construction industry: a literature review of academic research

Much has been said to promote openBIM. However, little has been done to articulate its past, present, and future prospects. This paper aims at reporting a critical review of academic research on openBIM in the global architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Through a systematic filtering process, we selected articles that are relevant, comprehensive, and with clear definitions of openBIM. Non-academic publications and studies with insufficient details were excluded. This process allowed for an initial review of 335 publications, narrowed to 49 academic journal articles published from 2009 to 2024. We discovered that in the past 15 years the openBIM literature has been expanding steadily along with openBIM industry applications. However, we identified four limitations of this expansion: (1) lack of interoperability, (2) library readiness, (3) domain knowledge gaps, and (4) lack of liability issues. Continuous improvement of the openBIM domain is needed, including standardizing codes, training talents, and exploring potential collaborations with other technologies.