Architectural Components Research Articles

Blind single-image-based thin cloud removal using a cloud perception integrated fast Fourier convolutional network

Remote sensing images are frequently contaminated by clouds that often degrade the performance of subsequent applications. Cloud removal, therefore, is a standard step in remote sensing image preprocessing, and single-image-based thin cloud removal is a well-established area of research. Existing single-image-based thin cloud removal methods however, lack the capacity for simultaneous executions of efficient long-range modeling and physical attribute consideration. To extend this work and fill this gap, a novel blind single-image-based thin cloud removal method, called cloud perception integrated fast Fourier convolutional network (CP-FFCN), was designed and implemented. The CP-FFCN consists of two modules: the cloud perception module (CPM) and a fast Fourier convolution (FFC)-conducted reconstruction module (FFCN). The CPM uses a frequency spatial attention mechanism to realize long-range modeling of clouds, globally detect them in the cloudy image. It helps the CP-FFCN remove the clouds without external prior knowledge of the cloud distribution. The reconstruction module was designed with an FFC-conducted U-Net architecture to recover the clean images from cloudy scenarios, guided by the locations of clouds as detected by the CPM. In addition, the FFC blocks deployed in the encoder and decoder components in the U-Net architecture selectively learn the attributes of clouds and fogs from the frequency spectrograms to remove the clouds and reconstruct the underlying ground objects. The CP-FFCN selectively learns the frequency features for adequate cloud separation and at the same time efficiently models the long-range information for comprehensive scenario reconstruction with the help of these two modules. We adopted the Google Earth data and Landsat-8 imagery to train the CP-FFCN model and evaluate it on simulated and naturally occurring cloudy scenarios. The visual outcomes illustrate that the proposed CP-FFCN successfully removes thin and small-scale thick clouds with complex ground object scenarios, without external cloud masks and additional reference data. The quantitative analyses further demonstrate the higher effectiveness of the CP-FFCN when compared with several other state-of-the-art thin cloud removal methods, yielding a PSNR value over 39.24 and a SSIM value over 0.98 on the Landsat 8 images.

MNSIM 2.0: A Behavior-Level Modeling Tool for Processing-In-Memory Architectures

In the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the huge data movements between memory and computing units become the bottleneck of von Neumann architectures, i.e., the “memory wall” problem. In order to tackle this challenge, Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures are proposed, which perform in-situ computations in memory and give alternative solutions to boost the computing energy efficiency and performance. Because of the large-scale Neural Network (NN) algorithm models and the huge hardware design space, various factors affect computing accuracy and performance, bringing the need for efficient PIM modeling and evaluation tools. In this work, we propose a behavior-level modeling tool, MNSIM 2.0, to model the performance of PIM architectures efficiently. At the hardware level, MNSIM 2.0 provides a hierarchical PIM modeling structure with flexible architecture configurability and components extensibility. Moreover, the first unified PIM memory array model is proposed for describing both digital and analog PIM. At the algorithm level, MNSIM 2.0 supports the PIM-based NN computing accuracy simulation considering various architecture and device parameters. A PIM-oriented NN model training and quantization flow is also integrated to improve the performance gain brought by PIM. At the scheduling level, MNSIM 2.0 adopts a universal scheduling description compatible with different scheduling strategies. Validation using fabricated PIM macros shows the relative modeling error rate of MNSIM 2.0 is 3:8 5:5%. Case studies show that MNSIM 2.0 enables PIM design space explorations, influences analysis of device parameters, and architecture design insight discoveries.

Counterfeit Products detection using Blockchain

Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Management is a novel approach to enhancing the transparency, security, and trustworthiness of supply chains. In this study, we explore the design and implementation of a blockchain-based system that enables manufacturers, suppliers, and customers to collaborate seamlessly in tracking and verifying product information. The proposed system utilizes the intrinsic characteristics of blockchain, including decentralization, resistance to tampering, and transparency, to mitigate counterfeiting and establish trust within the supply chain.The proposed system leverages blockchain's inherent features, such as decentralization, tamper-resistance, and transparency, to reduce counterfeiting and build trust in the supply chain. We discuss the architecture and key components of the system, including the role of SQL databases and Metamask wallet integration. Additionally, we highlight the process flow, from manufacturers assigning unique serial numbers to customers verifying product authenticity through QR code scans. This research presents a comprehensive solution for supply chain management, offering potential applications beyond product tracking, including in banking, healthcare, and e-commerce. Key Words: Blockchain, Supply Chain Management, Counterfeiting, Transparency, Product Authentication

Analisis Profil Atap Baja WF dengan Metode LRFD Menggunakan SAP 2000 dan Idea StatiCa

The roof is one of the main components in a building to protect it from heat and rain. The roof is also an architectural component that adds to the beauty of a building. Therefore, every building must have a roof. Currently, many steel roofs are used as the structural frame. Considering that wooden materials are considered expensive to use nowadays. Apart from that, steel material has a longer durability than wood material, so steel is considered the best alternative at the moment. The title of this article is "Structure Analysis of WF Steel Profile Roofs Using the LRFD Method". This analysis was carried out to determine the strength of the WF steel truss structure and its connections. The analysis method used in this research is the LRFD method which is carried out with the help of the SAP 2000 v20 program to calculate the statics of the roof construction and using the help of the Idea StatiCa program to calculate the connections. Based on the results obtained, the trusses that use the WF 200.100.5,5.8 profile are able to withstand the forces acting on the truss structure, and the connections are sufficient to withstand the forces that occur.

The PRO-HOME Project. A multicomponent intervention for the protected discharge from the hospital of multimorbid and polytreated older individuals by using innovative technologies: A pilot study.

Discharge planning from the hospital of frail older patients is an important step to avoid inappropriate long-stay hospitalizations and to prevent the risks related to the prolonged hospitalization. In this frame, we developed an experimental trial-'PRO-HOME', a multicomponent programme of interventions for multimorbid and polytreated hospitalized older patients. The main aim of the study was to develop a protected discharge facility using a mini apartment equipped with advanced architectural and technological components to reduce the length of hospital stay of older participants (aged 65+ years old) admitted to the hospital for an acute event, deemed stable and dischargeable. This is a pilot randomized controlled study, comparing 30 hospitalized participants included in a multidimensional, transitional care programme based on information and communication technologies to 30 patients in standard usual care until hospital discharge. We presented the study design of the PRO-HOME programme, including architectural and technological components, the enrolment procedures, the components of the intervention that is physical activity, cognitive training and life-style education and the evaluation method of the intervention based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment to explore the changes in the individual domains that are target of the multicomponent intervention. The final results will suggest whether the PRO-HOME programme represents a useful and feasible intervention to reduce the length of hospital stay of multimorbid and polytreated hospitalized older patients and improve their physical and cognitive performances and overall quality of life. Due to the characteristics of the population of interest of the PRO-HOME study, we involved in the study design and programme of the activities the participants enrolled in a previous smart home-based project named MoDiPro carried-out during a 3-year period. The elderly participants from the local population involved were asked, by means of focus groups, for feedback on their experience in MoDiPro, and their suggestions were integrated into the design phase of the current PRO-HOME project. The focus groups included open group interviews with a qualitative collection of the patients' feedback so that the participants could interact with each other.

Enterprise Architecture Design Using TOGAF ADM at Apotek Kimia Farma

Information technology is developing quite rapidly and has a significant impact in various aspects of business, including in the pharmaceutical industry. This research aims to design enterprise architecture at Kimia Farma Pharmacy. The method used in this research is TOGAF ADM (The Open Group Architecture Framework Architecture Development Method), which consists of several phases, namely preliminary phase, architecture vision, business architecture, information system architecture, technology architecture, opportunities and solutions, and migration planning. This research will produce a blueprint of enterprise architecture design that is in accordance with the needs and objectives of the Kimia Farma Pharmacy. This blueprint includes structured guidance on architecture components such as business architecture, information system architecture, and technology architecture. By having this blueprint, Kimia Farma Pharmacy can have clear guidelines in optimizing the use of information technology, increasing operational efficiency, and strengthening its competitive advantage in the pharmaceutical industry. The results of this research are expected to provide significant benefits to Kimia Farma Pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry in general. A structured and integrated enterprise architecture design will help Kimia Farma Pharmacy in facing technological challenges and increasingly fierce competition.

СЕМАНТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ФОРМУВАННЯ МОТИВАЦІЙНОЇ СПРОМОЖНОСТІ СПОРТИВНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

At the moment, the issue of forming and maintaining the physical and mental health of the population of Ukraine is more relevant than ever. The system of physical education in educational institutions is considered as one of the ways to promote physical culture and sports, as well as to form a healthy lifestyle among the population. However, it is possible to identify two main shortcomings of domestic SCs of higher education institutions, namely: the inconsistency of the existing range of premises and sports spaces with modern needs and the low motivational capacity of the architectural and spatial component of the sports environment of higher education institutions. Thus, we face the issue of forming a motivationally capable environment of the SC of HEIs, which would allow us to increase the interest of young people in physical culture and sports. It should be borne in mind that the work of perception is apperceptive (adding to the perceived) and is mainly determined by the subject's own and borrowed experience. The perception of the architectural (artificial) environment is not reduced to visual assessment, but is formed in relation to the functional content and human needs in the environment of a certain purpose. The functional aspect involves ensuring that the nomenclature of structural elements of the AC of a higher education institution meets the requirements of the training process and a certain level of comfort. The aesthetic aspect involves the analysis of morphological features of the environment in terms of compositional and artistic requirements. The semantic aspect of the formation of the environment of the SC of the HEI involves the analysis of functional and morphological features of the spatial organisation in terms of their semantic significance. The semantics of architecture is defined as sign mental formations embodied in specific forms, due to which the four main functions of the system of meanings are realised: orientation - search and finding of signals; interpretation - separation of signals (content, features) and identification of relations between them; identification of signals - establishing the identity of semantic values; recognition - comparison of the received signals with the system of standards (features) with further decoding of input data. Semantics of form - involves the expression of the embedded ideas and information by means of architectural and compositional expressiveness and the form of the object. Visual accessibility of the training process -provides free access to the visual perception of the functional process of a part of the sports spacesof the complex by unexpected spectators and visitors. Sports symbols - filling the environment withsports symbols is another effective means of informing visitors and casual spectators about thefunctional component of the complex and its focus on sports. The harmonious integration of sportssymbols into the architectural and artistic solution will increase both the information content of theenvironment and its attractiveness. The use of architectural semantics in the formation of thearchitectural environment of the SC of a higher education institution will increase its motivationalcapacity, which will positively affect the process of physical education and the promotion of sportsand a healthy lifestyle.

Analisis Sistem Bus USB Dan PCI Pada Organisasi Arsitektur Komputer

Bus systems are an important component of modern computer organization and architecture. In this context, the two types of buses that stand out are Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI). The USB bus is an interface standard commonly used to connect various external devices to a computer, while PCI is an internal bus that connects computer components. This study aims to analyze the role and characteristics of the USB and PCI bus systems in computer organization and architecture. The results of this analysis provide an in-depth understanding of the role of USB and PCI bus systems in modern computer organization and architecture. This information can help IT professionals and system designers make decisions regarding hardware connectivity and performance in a variety of computing environments.

An Information Security Engineering Framework for Modeling Packet Filtering Firewall Using Neutrosophic Petri Nets

Due to the Internet’s explosive growth, network security is now a major concern; as a result, tracking network traffic is essential for a variety of uses, including improving system efficiency, fixing bugs in the network, and keeping sensitive data secure. Firewalls are a crucial component of enterprise-wide security architectures because they protect individual networks from intrusion. The efficiency of a firewall can be negatively impacted by issues with its design, configuration, monitoring, and administration. Recent firewall security methods do not have the rigor to manage the vagueness that comes with filtering packets from the exterior. Knowledge representation and reasoning are two areas where fuzzy Petri nets (FPNs) receive extensive usage as a modeling tool. Despite their widespread success, FPNs’ limitations in the security engineering field stem from the fact that it is difficult to represent different kinds of uncertainty. This article details the construction of a novel packet-filtering firewall model that addresses the limitations of current FPN-based filtering methods. The primary contribution is to employ Simplified Neutrosophic Petri nets (SNPNs) as a tool for modeling discrete event systems in the area of firewall packet filtering that are characterized by imprecise knowledge. Because of SNPNs’ symbolic ability, the packet filtration model can be quickly and easily established, examined, enhanced, and maintained. Based on the idea that the ambiguity of a packet’s movement can be described by if–then fuzzy production rules realized by the truth-membership function, the indeterminacy-membership function, and the falsity-membership functional, we adopt the neutrosophic logic for modelling PN transition objects. In addition, we simulate the dynamic behavior of the tracking system in light of the ambiguity inherent in packet filtering by presenting a two-level filtering method to improve the ranking of the filtering rules list. Results from experiments on a local area network back up the efficacy of the proposed method and illustrate how it can increase the firewall’s susceptibility to threats posed by network traffic.

Advanced materials and biofabrication technologies to design in vitro functional central nervous system models

Nowadays, the pathophysiology of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders is still poorly understood, making difficult the identification of efficient treatments. CNS damages, due to neurodegenerative conditions or injuries, often result in permanent neuronal dysfunctions and serious impairments of motor, sensory and cognitive capacities. Despite the many attempts of pharmaceutical research to promote neural regeneration, poor progresses have been made in effectively restoring nervous functionality. Indeed, most of the experimental drugs show limited efficacy in the clinical trials, also due to existing preclinical models’ inability in fully replicating the complexity of CNS pathophysiology. Therefore, tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) models are being extensively explored to develop novel representative in vitro platforms, which more carefully replicate the architecture of neural microenvironment, including both cellular and extracellular components. In this respect, 3D in vitro models are expected to be promising and comprehensive tools for investigating CNS diseases and testing new drug compounds, as they overcome some of the common limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. This review discusses the main challenges to be addressed in CNS modeling, analyzing the key elements involved in neural tissue engineering. Specifically, an overview of the mostly used neural cell sources and biomaterials is provided, focusing on the critical aspects to consider in selecting the appropriate components according to the application. Different methods adopted to modulate the structural and functional properties of the engineered microenvironment are also presented, aimed at fostering in vitro tissue maturation. Lastly, the latest advances in biofabrication technologies are outlined, reviewing the most recent 3D bioprinted in vitro systems and microfluidic-based 3D platforms, starting from the modeling of distinctive CNS pathophysiological mechanisms to the designing of refined and functional in vivo-like neural microtissues.

Design and Analysis of Four Port Router for Network-On-Chip Applications

System-On-Chip (SoC) is a popular VLSI technology that integrates multiple devices onto a single chip. The Network-On-Chip (NOC) concept, which is a novel paradigm in sophisticated System-On-Chip designs that offers efficient communication throughout the on-chip networks, is used to communicate amongst various devices. The router is the main component in an NoC architecture that is responsible for routing information. Packets are sent through a network by an NoC made up of routers. A routing algorithm divides packets into flow control digits (flits) and determines their paths. The placement of routers is determined by the network topology. In the present work, the main target is to design and analyse the router, which is primarily based on a number of critical factors, including topology, routing algorithm, and packet format. The performance of the suggested router is evaluated and compared to that of the Conventional Wormhole Router (CWHR) with respect to power and slack time (ST). When compared to a traditional wormhole router, the proposed router architecture has 18% less slack. As a result, total power consumption is reduced by 29.3% as compared to traditional wormhole architecture. The architecture is synthesized using Cadence Encounter RTL Compiler using standard 65nm technology.

Construction of a Spike-Based Memory Using Neural-Like Logic Gates Based on Spiking Neural Networks on SpiNNaker

Neuromorphic engineering concentrates the efforts of a large number of researchers due to its great potential as a field of research, in a search for the exploitation of the advantages of the biological nervous system and the brain as a whole for the design of more efficient and real-time capable applications. For the development of applications as close to biology as possible, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are used, which are considered biologically-plausible and constitute the third generation of Artificial Neural Networks. This work presents a spiking implementation of a memory, which is one of the most important components in computer architecture. In the process of designing this spiking memory, different intermediate components were also implemented and tested. The tests were carried out on the SpiNNaker neuromorphic platform. This work goes into the development of spiking blocks using a logic gate approach based on previous work and includes a comparison between other works in the state of the art related to spiking memories and the one proposed here. All the implemented blocks and developed tests are available in a public repository.

Exploring advanced architectural variations of nnUNet

The nnUNet is a state-of-the-art deep learning based segmentation framework which automatically and systematically configures the entire network training pipeline. We extend the network architecture component of the nnUNet framework by newly integrating mechanisms from advanced U-Net variations including residual, dense, and inception blocks as well as three forms of the attention mechanism. We propose the following extensions to nnUNet, namely Residual-nnUNet, Dense-nnUNet, Inception-nnUNet, Spatial-Single-Attention-nnUNet, Spatial- Multi-Attention-nnUNet, and Channel-Spatial-Attention-nnUNet. Furthermore, within Channel-Spatial- Attention-nnUNet we integrate our newly proposed variation of the channel-attention mechanism. We demonstrate that use of the nnUNet allows for consistent and transparent comparison of U-Net architectural modifications, while maintaining network architecture as the sole independent variable across experiments with respect to a dataset. The proposed variants are evaluated on eight medical imaging datasets consisting of 20 anatomical regions which is the largest collection of datasets on which attention U-Net variants have been compared in a single work. Our results suggest that attention variants are effective at improving performance when applied to tumour segmentation tasks consisting of two or more target anatomical regions, and that segmentation performance is influenced by use of the deep supervision architectural feature.

A functional and planning model for the development of the territory of the historic settlement of chistopol

The development of small towns and historic settlements is a priority in Russia's spatial development. Along with the problems that are common to small towns, there are many features that are key to working out strategies of their development. The article presents a comprehensive planning analysis of the small historic town Chistopol located in the Republic of Tatarstan. Proposals are made for the functional-planning model of Chistopol, including economic and zoning (architectural and planning) components of development.

Architectural form: the space of experience and technological innovations in construction

The research work aims at revealing the purely immanent foundations of the systemic knowledge of architectural form, which initially always has an instrumentalist character. In the context of current transformations in the field of science in general and the attitude of society to it, the differentiation of theoretical fundamental layer of knowledge and applied knowledge has become extremely complicated. At the same time, the very need to clarify the root foundations of architecture not only persists as a criterion and sign of academic identity, but also sounds quite certain in relation to the search for possible scenarios of future development of this branch of human activity, production, social exchange, information flows, and reorganization of the living environment. This search is connected most directly to the reflections on the processes of architectural form generation. The issue of architecture’s future is the problem of finding a new architectural form. A group of factors, including the use and experimentation with new building materials and technologies, is not excluded from this search, but does not exhaust the strategy of form generation. The proposed exposition of architectural form in the context of modern technological innovations relies mostly on a historical cross-section of the architectural component of human culture. In other words, it is a study into the foundations of the methodology of the science of architecture including three basic points: 1) the science of architecture is its understanding as an autonomous reality; 2) this understanding may only be achieved by revealing the immanent logic of historical development; 3) architecture in its sovereignty as an existential "region" or a phenomenon of human civilization is expressed essentially in the form, the structural analytics of which crystallizes the universal logical and semantic dimension of the evolution of architectural reality.

FInancial and budgetary policy as an tool of social and economic development of the country

Relevance of the research topic. Financial and budgetary policy is an important tool for the socioeconomic development of the country. The formation and implementation of an effective financial policy of thestate has an important place in ensuring effective social development. It is necessary to determine the priorities of the financial and budgetary policy and create conditions for economic growth. Further development of the state finance management system is important to increase the efficiency of institutional transformations of the economy and ensure positive macroeconomic dynamics. Formulation of the problem. Financial and budgetary policy should be an effective tool for ensuring the socio-economic development of the country. Analysis of recent research and publications. The question of the formation and implementation of finance and budget policy is quite widespread in scientific research. These are the scientific works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: V. Nordhaus, V. Teles, P. Samuelson, I. Chugunov, T. Kaneva, L. Lysiak, I. Lukyanenko, A. Mazaraki, V. Makogon, V. Oparin, M. Pasichnyi, O. Samoshkina, V. Fedosov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of the general problem. It is important to form and implement the financial and budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country. Further development of the budget planning system and improvement of the efficiency of use of budget expenditures, improvement of the financial mechanism of social development is expedient.Setting the task, the goal of the research. The main tasks of the study are to reveal the essence of the formation and implementation of the financial and budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country, the main areas of improvement of the financial mechanism of social development, further development of the budget planning system and increasing the efficiency of the use of budget expenditures. The purpose of the research is to reveal the theoretical foundations and improve the mechanisms of formationand implementation of the financial and budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific research: systemic, factorial, comparative, synthesis, generalization, scientific abstraction and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of the formation and implementation of the financial and budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country is disclosed; received further development of provisions on the system of budget planning and increasing the efficiency of the use of budget expenditures. The theoretical foundations were developed and the financial mechanism of social development was improved, it was determined that in order to increase the effectiveness of institutional transformations of the economy, to ensure positive macroeconomic dynamics, the further development of the state finance management system is important, the financial and budgetary policy should take into account a number of tasks that stand at a certain stage of the development of social relations. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the process of formation andimplementation of financial and budgetary policy. Conclusions according to the article. Financial and budgetary policy is an effective tool for influencingsocio-economic processes. Important tasks in the process of development and implementation of the state financial policy are the improvement of the public finance system, the strengthening of the effectiveness of the regulatory function of the budget and tax mechanisms, the implementation of structural changes in the economy aimed at increasing the rate of economic growth. The effectiveness of economic transformations largely depends on the quality level of the institutional component of financial architecture, the stability of thecountry's financial system, the effectiveness of the influence of financial instruments on the socio-economic development of the country.

Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Tinopiro (Thinopyrum intermedium) as a dual-purpose perennial crop in the Southern Cone: Doctoral thesis abstract

Agriculture based on annual crops requires intensive input management, which has been associated with significant degradation of natural resources. The development of perennial grain crops such as intermediate wheatgrass - (Thinopyrum intermedium) may greatly contribute to reduce this problem, however, previous research has been carried out in high latitude environments and there is no information on this crop for temperate regions with mild winters. The aims of this thesis were a) to determine the cold requirements of intermediate wheatgrass, b) to evaluate the agronomic performance of intermediate wheatgrass managed as a dual-purpose crop in Uruguay, c) to understand the genetic architecture of grain and forage yield components in intermediate wheatgrass under dual-purpose management. Three experiments were carried out, the first one in growth chambers and the other two in the field during two years in Paysandú, Uruguay. Flowering percentage and most grain yield components increased as the length of the cold incubation period at 5°C and 10 h photoperiod increased from 3 to 7 weeks. High intra-population phenotypic diversity was estimated. The effects of two populations produced under contrasting environments and the effects of three doses of nitrogen on grain and forage yield under dual-purpose management were evaluated in the second experiment. The first year, both populations had similar flowering percentages of about 48%, which resulted in an average grain yield of 316 kg ha -1. The average forage yield for the first year was 14695 kg ha -1 and decreased to 4037 kg ha -1 the second year. Fertilization with 160 kg ha -1 nitrogen increased grain yield by 63% and forage yield by 28%. In the third experiment, grain yield components, forage and phenological traits were evaluated in 30 half-sib families. Most of the traits evaluated showed no genotype x age interaction. Indirect selection for spikes per plant and/or yield per spike could have a greater response to selection than direct selection for yield per plant. No trade-off was detected between grain yield components and aboveground biomass production. These results suggest that expansion of this species as a dual-purpose crop to temperate regions with mild winters is feasible after some cycles of selection.

The Lambousa (Cyprus) Fishtank in a Quasi-Stable Coastal Area of the Eastern Mediterranean, a Notable Marker for Testing GIA Models

The Lambousa fishtank, an archaeological structure entirely carved in bedrock, can be easily recognized and measured in the plan on Google Earth (GE). We surveyed in situ this excellent archaeological marker in 2016 through direct measurements using traditional field instruments, such as metric tapes and invar rods, and terrestrial photogrammetry using Structure from Motion (SfM) methods. The bedrock on which the fishtank is founded is an Upper Pleistocene calcarenite also containing Persistrombus latus. The age of the studied fishtank has not been previously published, but on the basis of the construction technique and the interpretation provided by Archaelogist and references therein, we believe that it was built in the period between 2.1 and 1.8 ka BP, like similar fishtanks in the Mediterranean area. Architectural structures consist of evident foot walks (Crepido), a stone base, and a tunnel that allows for seawater exchange during high tides. The tunnel is at the same altitude as the Crepido, which lies around the fishtank. These architectural components allow us to evaluate the palaeo-sea level with significant precision during the time when the fishtank was active. MIS 5.5 coastal deposits that outcrop in the study area are located at a maximum altitude of a few meters, while the inner margin of the MIS 5.5 terrace allows us to hypothesize “quasi-tectonic stability”. We have also obtained several predictions of the contribution from Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) to relative sea level at Lambousa for the past 3.5 kyr, according to models ICE-6G (VM5a), ICE-7G (VM7), and one of the GIA models by the Australian National University ANU) Research group.

Big data: "Navigating the Hadoop ecosystem: Unraveling the potential of big data”

Big data refers to extremely large data sets that can be analyzed to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, particularly those relating to hu-man behavior and interactions. This data is too large and complex to be processed using traditional data processing methods, necessitating the use of specialized software and systems to manage and analyze it. This paper discusses about the Big Data Architecture, Hadoop Ecosystem, HDFS, Map reduce, Yarn, Hive, and many other components of Hadoop ecosystem.

Morphological and cellular organization of green microalgae to cope with cold stress in subarctic environment

Microalgae are one of the most widely dispersed living organisms on Earth and can be found even in extreme environments. Especially in such habitats, the microalgal cell wall plays an essential role as it is the first barrier in continuous contact with the surrounding and changing environment. In cold conditions microalgae can show changes in their morphology, also known as phenotypic plasticity which is the ability of an organism to show different phenotypes when exposed to different environmental conditions. In addition, presence or absence of algaenan is thought to be responsible for increase/decrease permeability and stiffness of the cell wall. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare how microalgae cells can modify their cell wall components and cellular morphology under low-temperature conditions (5 °C) and differ during the exponential and stationary phases. Four microalgae species were studied: Coelastrella sp. 3–4, Chlorella vulgaris sp. 13–1, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Scenedesmus sp. B2–2, which were isolated from subarctic locations.Using a histochemical approach in conjunction with light microscopy, cell features such as size, organization and cell wall ornamentation were evaluated. Staining procedures showed changes in biochemical components such as pectins and presence or absence of exopolysaccharides and lipids. Results showed that Coelastrella cultures did not grow under low-temperature conditions. However, Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis and Scenedesmus species demonstrated a slower growth rate, bigger and rounded cell-shape during cold condition. Furthermore, the latter microalgal strain also showed modification in algaenan presence as one of the main components in cell wall architecture, which can be related to the permeability of cell wall. Changes in other features such as cell organization and cell wall ornamentation were investigated.