Architectural Building Research Articles

Application of contemporary smart building architecture at the Parahyangan Citywalk Shopping Center in Kota Baru Parahyangan

Under the development of an increasingly modern era, intelligent buildings and infrastructure need to be built and operated in line with the progress of the future city. The shopping center building is a building that became one of the hallmarks of the city. Therefore the application must be prominent in the surrounding building. The concept is the basis for taking the use of contemporary concepts. The scope of this research is on the design of Shopping Center buildings that follow modern architectural trends and the interaction of trends on public needs in the future. The purpose of this study is to design a shopping center facility that combines the concept of contemporary architecture with the idea of intelligent building as a supporting element so that the building can adapt to the times in the digitalization era of the industrial revolution 4.0. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by applying seven principles of contemporary architecture and the concept of intelligent building in designing supporting facilities. The result of this research is a design of a shopping center building in Kota Baru Parahyangan Bandung by applying a combination of contemporary architectural concepts and intelligent building concepts that pay attention to the orientation and aspects of the surrounding environment. The combination of this concept not only cares for its completeness but also accommodates a lifestyle so that this shopping center can attract visitors with its technological innovations and the visual appearance of elegant contemporary architecture. Sesuai perkembangan zaman yang semakin modern, bangunan pintar dan infrastruktur perlu dibangun dan dioperasikan seiring dengan kemajuan kota masa depan. Bangunan pusat perbelanjaan merupakan bangunan yang menjadi salah satu ciri dari kemajuan suatu kota. Sebuah kota dapat dikatakan memiliki kemajuan apabila memiliki sebuah fasilitas yang baik dan lengkap. Salah satu fasilitas yang harus dimiliki suatu daerah adalah sebuah pusat perbelanjaan. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini difokuskan pada perancangan bangunan pusat perbelanjaan yang mengikuti tren arsitektur kontemporer dan tren interaksi kebutuhan publik di masa depan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendesain sebuah fasilitas pusat perbelanjaan yang memadukan konsep arsitektur kontemporer dengan konsep smart building sebagai unsur penunjangnya agar bangunan dapat menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman di era digitalisasi revolusi industry 4.0. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menerapkan tujuh prinsip arsitektur kontemporer dan konsep smart building dalam merancang fasilitas penunjang pada bangunan pusat perbelanjaan ini. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebuah rancangan bangunan pusat perbelanjaan di Kota Baru Parahyangan Bandung dengan menerapkan perpaduan konsep arsitektur kontemporer dan konsep smart building yang memperhatikan orientasi dan aspek lingkungan sekitar. Perpaduan konsep ini tidak hanya memperhatikan kelengkapan fasilitasnya saja namun dapat menampung kegiatan gaya hidup penggunanya sehingga pusat perbelanjaan ini dapat menjadi daya tarik bagi para pengunjung dengan inovasi teknologinya dan tampilan visual arsitektur kontemporer yang elegan.

Merchant development of the city of Yalutorovsk (XIX – early XX centuries)

The architecture of stone buildings, built at the expense and with the assistance of merchants and small traders, which form the basis of the architectural and historical environment of the center of Yalutorovsk, was considered. For the first time, on the basis of composition and style analysis of merchant buildings, the specifics of style directions in the architecture of the city were revealed. Changes in the functional purpose, the original appearance of historical objects and development in general were traced. The materials of complex scientific research and restoration project of two merchant trading houses and previously unpublished photo documents are presented.

Implementation of Brand Positioning in an Effort to Become a Religious Tourist Destination

Islamic Center Masjid Raya Hubbul Wathan is the largest mosque and a religious tourism center in West Nusa Tenggara. This study examines the brand positioning strategy implemented by this mosque, which functions as both a grand mosque and a spiritual tourism center. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected by interview, observation, and documentation and tested by sources and techniques triangulation. The results show that this mosque, as the grand mosque, has numerous qualified national and international imams, magnificent and comprehensive congregational prayer facilities, and varied and high-quality Islamic studies as its differentiation. While in the category of religious tourism center, this mosque has the unique building architecture and Menara 99 icon as its main advantages. The results of this study can be a reference in the development of tourism mosques that are nowadays increasing in Indonesia.

THE MULTI-CRITERIA PLANNING MODEL OF URBAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT WITH REGARD FOR THE INTERESTS OF STAKEHOLDERS

Abstract. The present study is aimed at supporting the concept and making the model of urban spatial development as a complex architectural town-building and socio-economic system, as well as developing tools for reaching agreed multi-criteria planning decisions in the interests of stakeholders. The study examines basic theories (such as pattern language and central places) and conceptual approaches to the formation of urban spaces of trade, recreational, healthcare, image, entertainment, environmental, and sports character. It reveals the possibility and substantiates the necessity of employing expert methods and methods of project management for analysing, generalising, and modelling of urban civic space planning. In addition, there search substantiates conceptual principles, sets out general requirements, and highlights the main tasks of decision-making planning. Furthermore, a multi-criteria optimization model has been built to plan urban spaces in conditions of contradictory interests of stakeholders, under limited resources and in complete in formation. The implementation of the model is to increase the validity of planning decisions and, as a result, lead to higher standards of living due to expansion of existing and diversification of potential functions of urban public spaces. For the evaluation of architectural urban building, economic, social, cultural-monumental, and ecological results, the study lays down criteria depending on the extent the plan of urban public space development is put into action.The method of successive concessions has been shown as an efficient tool for reaching agreed co-created planning decisions by stakeholders. The provided basic model of reaching optimum planning decisions satisfying certain criteria contains restrictions on potential urban spatial development, as well as on the sequence in which interconnected development projects are carried out, and on the balance between supply and demand for services (functions) of urban public spaces. The model, which has been modified by the method of successive concessions for achieving agreed planning decisions in the interests of stakeholders, is based on establishing a dominant optimization criterion, on expert justifying of allowable optimality losses against initial planning decisions per criterion at each stage of subsequent calculations, and on reaching a consensuson a final decision. Keywords: public space, a planning decision, spatial development, evaluation criteria, development potential, a model, interests of stakeholders, a co-creation method. JEL Classification I00, L51, L83, Z10 Formulas: 16; fig.: 2; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 23.

TAD-like single-cell domain structures exist on both active and inactive X chromosomes and persist under epigenetic perturbations

BackgroundTopologically associating domains (TADs) are important building blocks of three-dimensional genome architectures. The formation of TADs has been shown to depend on cohesin in a loop-extrusion mechanism. Recently, advances in an image-based spatial genomics technique known as chromatin tracing lead to the discovery of cohesin-independent TAD-like structures, also known as single-cell domains, which are highly variant self-interacting chromatin domains with boundaries that occasionally overlap with TAD boundaries but tend to differ among single cells and among single chromosome copies. Recent computational modeling studies suggest that epigenetic interactions may underlie the formation of the single-cell domains.ResultsHere we use chromatin tracing to visualize in female human cells the fine-scale chromatin folding of inactive and active X chromosomes, which are known to have distinct global epigenetic landscapes and distinct population-averaged TAD profiles, with inactive X chromosomes largely devoid of TADs and cohesin. We show that both inactive and active X chromosomes possess highly variant single-cell domains across the same genomic region despite the fact that only active X chromosomes show clear TAD structures at the population level. These X chromosome single-cell domains exist in distinct cell lines. Perturbations of major epigenetic components and transcription mostly do not affect the frequency or strength of the single-cell domains. Increased chromatin compaction of inactive X chromosomes occurs at a length scale above that of the single-cell domains.ConclusionsIn sum, this study suggests that single-cell domains are genome architecture building blocks independent of the tested major epigenetic components.

A reference framework for the implementation of data governance systems for industry 4.0

The fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, represents a new stage of evolution in the organization, management and control of the value chain throughout the product or service life cycle. This is mainly based on the digitalization of the industrial environment by means of the convergence of Information Technologies (IT) and operational Technologies (OT) through cyber-physical systems and the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and the use of data generated in real time for gaining insights and making decisions. Therefore data becomes a critical asset for Industry 4.0 and must be managed and governed like a strategic asset. We rely on Data Governance (DG) as a key instrument for carrying out this transformation. This paper presents the design of a specific governance framework for Industry 4.0. First, this contextualizes data governance for Industry 4.0 environments and identifies the requirements that this framework must address, which are conditioned by the specific features of Industry 4.0, among others, the intensive use of big data, the cloud and edge computing, the artificial intelligence and the current regulations. Next, we formally define a reference framework for the implementation of Data Governance Systems for Industry 4.0 using international standards and providing several examples of architecture building blocks.

Pursuing a net-zero carbon future for all: Challenges for commercial real estate

Pursuing a net-zero carbon future for all: Challenges for commercial real estate

The best housing estate in Czechoslovakia

The Brno housing estate Lesna is undoubtedly an important achievement of Czechoslovak urbanism and architecture of the 1960s. It was built on the southern slopes north of Brno in 1962–1970 according to a project by a team of architects Frantisek Zounek, Viktor Rudis, Miroslav Dufek and Ladislav Volak. Although it was a standard housing construction made of prefabricated components, the architects did not want to hide its technical expression. They also fully copied it into the very urban arrangement of long blocks, which contributed to the fulfillment of the vision of the garden city. Close cooperation between the supplier, investor and designer was ensured already in the phase of elaboration of the project task. The architecture of residential buildings is based on the diligent efforts of the whole team to promote the use of a lightweight facade of a prefabricated house using parapet panels and strip glazing in the B 60 construction system. The unusually high-quality solution of the public space in the Lesna housing estate was mainly due to the time of its creation. Political liberalization in the 1960s allowed architects to come up with a generous plan for a free stop and thus perfectly fulfill the vision of a garden city. The population density of the Lesna housing estate, less than two hundred inhabitants per hectare, was multiplied by up to four hundred inhabitants per hectare in other housing estates of the "president Gustav Husak" era due to tightening economic indicators. Public greenery respecting the natural elements of the rugged relief required a different professional approach due to the extent of the exterior design. It was common practice that landscaping were carried out on residential complexes with a delay of several months and years after the first inhabitants moved in. The architects managed to reverse this common practice, so the first inhabitants moved to finished houses with access sidewalks, planted greenery and functioning residential amenities. This could not have been imagined by its inhabitants in the later realizations of housing estates. That is why the Brno housing estate Lesna is rightly called the best.

Relation of the Green Structure and the Appropriation of Public Spaces in Large-Scale Residential Areas

More than a half of residents in some capital cities of the former Socialist block live in large-scale residential areas that had been built from the 1950s to the 1980s. The public space satisfaction in the areas is low, the residents rarely appropriate the yards and streets of the housing complexes. The aim of the paper is to provide a framework for the understanding of residents’ assessment of public space and its relation to the appropriation; the framework can be used for the development of building or landscape architecture projects focused at reconstruction of the public space. Public Space Quality Model is generated in the paper. The model includes three spatial categories that are defined by metrical values, configuration components and dominant spatial elements – elements that determine size, category, and the structure of a space. Using the observation method in the residential areas of the former East Berlin, the research concludes that the model demonstrates the highest precision of predictability of the appropriation intensity of the public space when the green structure is used as the dominant spatial element. A method accompanying the model is presented in the paper that permits to use specific types of trees or shrubs in particular distancing and concrete arrangements to create spaces of high, medium, or low appropriation level in large-scale residential areas.

The Role of Outdoor Sculpture in Achieving the Aesthetic Values of the Architectural Space in Sustainable Cities

The city is an architectural structure and its visual impression is accomplished through visual pictures that are subjected in its arrangements to values originating from the feel of urbanism alongside with utilitarian, social, and social values that are all founded on arranging thought and urban thinking. And when one or more of these values is missing, the city's visual scene gets befuddled and shaken. Paying consideration to the city's highlights, shape, character and excellence isn't an extravagance in urban life, but instead a natural civilizational express that goes with the degrees of edified advancement of social orders, And the open territories are one of the fundamental parts of urban communities, where they are considered as a principle lung for picnics and recreation, and an indication of arriving at a superior level of life and performance. Sculpture is one of the most important arts which had the ability to express human nations cultures ,and throughout the ages sculpture art was associated with architecture and its function, as it is one of the oldest arts that accompanied , as the architectural idea began originally from sculpture, so the relationship between sculpture and architecture arts is complementary, not sculpture complements the architecture but each was the basis for the other. Sustainable architecture is considered one of the recent trends of architectural thought who is interested in the relationship between the building and its environment. Environmental architecture is a process to ensure that the building be designed in a style that respects the environment, taking into account the reduction of energy consumption, materials and resources and maximizing harmony with nature .And for art sculpture and spread in sustainable architecture of great importance for the functional and aesthetic role elevates and what happens from an activity, it is not only a cosmetic, but a real mirror for the society culture and an indication of the extent and progress of civilization., In the presence of the problems of population increasing and the narrowing of the spaces of housing units, the external spaces become the only outlet for the society, but these spaces lack the elements of attraction that would meet the needs of society .The research problem was represented in ignoring the importance of Holographic sculpture in ornamentation external urban spaces to suit the human requirements, which affected the aesthetic image and functional values of these spaces .This study comes as a result of the urgent need to make the external spaces in sustainable architecture meet the human requirements using sculpture art and the study aims to clarifying the relationship between sculpture, architecture and aesthetic sustainability by using sculptures to embellish the external architectural spaces and producing of sculptures used to assortment external spaces to achieve visual quality in sustainable architecture.and the research is based on the experimental method , and the most important results were : Emphasizing the cultural role of sculptural works through direct interaction between the audience and the sculpture , sculpture which based on the interwoven linear relationships that were difficult to implement with another material. The current aesthetic status of most cities lacks aesthetic formation and aesthetic identity, which makes Holographic sculpture a role in confirming the integration of aesthetic identity with its functional identity. Sustainable cities as an architectural design that repels sculpting, hence the role of the sculptor in setting up formative solutions that allow field sculpting to perform its multiple functions in their architectural voids in a manner that is compatible with their architectural design .The clarity of the functional role of sustainable architectural buildings and the lack of clarity of the aesthetic role. Hence, the sculpture should have an important role in highlighting the aesthetic role of sustainable architecture to add an aesthetic value that may affect the architectural form .

Assessment of indoor thermal environment of Aceh house based on WBGT index

Thermal comfort is one of the standard assessments of building thermal environment. Air movement is an important parameter for in a naturally ventilated to achieve thermal comfort by accelerating the evaporative cooling process on the human body. Aceh House has a standard of thermal comfort with a vernacular architecture with a natural ventilation system. This vernacular architectural building has a fairly high harmonization of the environment because it has undergone a process of adaptation. In this study, observations were made at the Original House (OH), the Adaptive Reuse House (ARH), and the Aceh Modified House (AMH). By using the method of assessing changes in environmental comfort, using Wet Bulb Temperature Index (WBGT) method, the minimum and maximum temperature ranges are 25°C and 30°C. In the WBGT thermal rating, AMH has the higher thermal and is followed by ARH and OH respectively. Thus, OH has lower thermal compared to other Aceh houses.

The influence of bootstrapping in testing a model of motivation and visit intention of generation Z to the attractive building architecture destinations

This research aims to identify the impact of e-WOM on the enthusiasm of generation Z to travel in architectural tourist attractions using the theory of reasoned action. The four variables used in this analysis are e-WOM, attitude, subjective norm, and visit intention. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos software is used to assess the impact of independent variables on the dependent variable. One of the prerequisites for using SEM is that the data is normally distributed; however, the data in the analysis was not normally distributed, so the bootstrapping process was used to solve this. This article focused on explaining the data processing process in SEM to concern the data testing and the effect of bootstrapping in the model forming and not discuss the model result, only compare the result before and after bootstrapping process. The most influential variable in each construct is the same between before and after bootstrapping. The goodness of fit result before bootstrapping in all categories is poor fit but after bootstrapping only one category is poor fit and others are a good fit.

Photovoltaic Systems Integration Rules and Restrictions in the Historic Buildings Architecture

Solar photovoltaic systems integration into historic buildings can change significantly the expenses and energy consumption balance in the most energy-unfavourable urban planning segment. A major challenge of renewable energy sources integration is historic buildings value and aesthetics preservation, subject to present legislation compliance and legacy preservation policies. This publication evaluates the solar photovoltaic systems integration in the scope of finding consistency between legal and aesthetic restrictions.

Restoration of the Elementary School "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi"-Skopje

The post-earthquake rebuilding of Skopje provided valuable examples of modernist architecture that deserve to be included in the category of a protected building heritage. A prominent instance is the elementary school named after the famous Swiss educator and pedagogue "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi", the first example in this area that introduces the practical application of deeply thought-out methods of integral education promoted by him in the early 19th century. Many contemporary architects have incorporated the efficient use of this educational concept, including the renowned Swiss architect Alfred Roth, creating a unique sample of a school that includes specific geographic and regional features (climatic, seismic, cultural - aesthetic). In terms of properties, the building contains originality, rarity, and aesthetic-artistic value. With reference to other criteria, it also includes the value of authentic preservation, which is in crisis without adoption of adequate and prompt protection and restoration measures. In respect of protecting the school from further destruction, the Swiss Embassy in Skopje made an official request for a study and design documents for the school reconstruction by detecting all critical issues, developed and executed by the expert team from the Faculty of Architecture in Skopje. This paper, which is based on the results of the research, conducted by us as a part of the group, aims to elaborate the methodological approach of the analyses contained in the study, which, as a pre-design procedure, provided a solid base for developing design documents. A significant component of the study that needs to be emphasized was the use of computer technology throughout the work process, using parametric insertion of structural and other elements of the building's architecture into a 3D model. This approach allowed the generation of architectural details across any part of the facility in an exact form, which proved extremely useful through the process of constructing the design documents.

RENOVATION OF INDUSTRIAL AREAS

The relevance of this study is devoted to overcoming a complex of social, environmental and economic problems in urban planning associated with the effective use of former industrial territories and the creation of public spaces with the preservation of architectural monuments. Foreign experience has shown the possibility of using former industrial areas through their renovation. Full use of all territories of the city ensures its integrity and connectivity of the transport system. Creation of new functions in buildings and on the territories of historical industrial enterprises, rethinking the architecture of industrial buildings (renovation, reconstruction and rehabilitation), which will lead to an influx of funds and investors, will make it possible to reproduce and maintain former industrial facilities at a new historical stage. Identifying ways to harmonize and develop the urban environment through the renovation of industrial areas is one of the urgent tasks in the formation of the concept of sustainable development of the city. Recommendations are presented for the implementation of the renovation of industrial territories, an analysis of the existing experience in the renovation of industrial territories, trends in the further development of their architectural and planning structure are revealed. The main aspects of the renovation of industrial territories are given, which will allow creating a more comfortable urban environment, developing social infrastructure and convenient public spaces. Industrial areas and former factory and factory buildings that are being renovated have a number of features that make it possible to use these features as an aid to new opportunities. Former industrial territories are often located in the central parts of cities and by activating these territories, this area can bring income to the economy, improve the environment, and itself provide comfort for each resident.

Architecture of industrial buildings for small and medium business in Southern Federal District

The article identifies the most relevant problems of industrial architecture of small and medium business, confirmed by the survey data obtained by specialists in this field. The influence of the key time factor is described. The principle of small-scale functional zoning is shown. The proposed spatial and time algorithms of the enterprise design allow preventing these problems.

SOSIALISASI RAGAM HIAS ARSITEKTUR MELAYU DESA RANTAU BAIS SEBAGAI WISATA BUDAYA

Socialization of the decorative variety of Malay architectural buildings in Rantau Village can be useful to introduce cultural heritage in the form of Malay architectural buildings that have unique shapes. The implementation of the socialization introduces and provides understanding to the Rantau Bais village community about the cultural potential that can be developed into a cultural tourism destination. The socialization was carried out by presenting village officials, community leaders, tribal leaders and Tourism Awareness groups in one meeting and in the field. To determine the participants' understanding, pretest and posttest were conducted. From the results of the socialization from the beginning, many participants did not know about the potential and uniqueness of Malay architects in house buildings.

Crossing Contexts: Applying a System for Collaborative Investigation of School Space to Inform Design Decisions in Contrasting Settings

This paper presents a system for participatory appraisal and idea generation by a school’s users to enable interdisciplinary collaboration between educators and architects, producing school designs appropriate to the needs of the school at the time and into the future. Our uses of this system in two contrasting educational settings in England and in Uruguay are described. We show how the visual-spatial activities supported the educators to consider education in spatial terms, build a shared understanding and produce representations that could be used to convey ideas to architects and designers. Given that participation and cross-disciplinary collaboration in school design is known to be challenging, but vital, we consider the features of our approach that enabled its success and make it viable on each and every occasion of school design or redesign. Further, addressing the critiques of attempted international transfer of architectural designs, educational policies, practices and buildings, we argue that our system avoids these problems through seeking to transfer not a project but the means to enable participation in a project.

Architectural building design with refurbished shipping containers: a typological and modular approach

Construction of housing buildings using refurbished shipping containers constitutes a successful recent building system. As construction modules, disposed and recycled containers are considered to contribute for a sustainable construction system. This article aims to contribute to a better understanding on this construction system, in particular the architectural project. A methodology based on the typological and modular coordination is proposed as a key tool to help for the development of spatial arrangements by considering the shipping container as a unit/module. The functional occupation typologies were proposed to characterize the main housing activities to be considered in modular coordinated design, allowing to adapt the housing to the family needs according to their social and cultural dynamics. The module constitution and geometry considering two commercial maritime shipping containers are presented.

Fast Crowd Evacuation Planning System for Disaster Management

Last few decades witnessed the occurrence of various natural and man-made disasters that were difficultto control, thereby leading to heavy casualties. To overcome these, preventive measures likethe design of the building, coordinated pre-planning, etc., needs to be done. To reduce the casualtiesduring fire disaster and to enhance the evacuation efficiency, it is important to consider the impactof factors which influence the evacuation. The effect of human and fire factors depend on strategiesused for evacuation in the building architecture. This paper presents a method for fast crowd evacuationand safety management, thereby improving the efficiency of evacuation.