Archipelagic Regions Research Articles

Orang Haria and Marriage Customs: The Reality of Socio-cultural Order in the Maluku Archipelago

Maluku is an archipelagic region consisting of both large and small islands surrounded by the ocean. The community interaction dynamics on and between these islands are shaped by the knowledge or mindsets based on each community’s cultural background or traditional customs, which are institutionalized within every individual and within the collective community of its adherents. Specifically, marriage customs, whether it involves payment of a dowry or traditional legitimization, integrates two individuals with different identity backgrounds into the social environment on a micro-scale (family/mataruma) and a macro scale (village/community). The people of Haria identify themselves as part of Negeri Haria, one of the traditional villages on Saparua Island, Maluku, which has meaningful marriage traditions aimed at establishing social and cultural order. These marriage customs signal to family members and ancestors about the marriage events of descendants, visible from the traditional process of introducing a wife, whether from within or outside Negeri Haria, and the obligations of a man who marries and takes a daughter from Negeri Haria to merge with his identity (family/original village). The various conditions include kain berkat (negeri wealth) meja kaweng, marriage dowry payment, and hatu mata. Additionally, there are traditions of changing the surname of a child born out of wedlock (child reallocation) or adopting someone else’s anak (arken anak). The young generation of Negeri Haria, generally needs more precise knowledge about marriage customs to form social order for newly established households. This writing aims to reveal the objective reality of the community’s oral traditions in written form, preserved for cultural conservation purposes. The reality was discovered using qualitative research, such as observation and interview methods. Hence, efforts to preserve the cultural values of this indigenous community involve tracing stories from traditional leaders who possess the knowledge and perform the ritual processes of marriage customs. Keywords: Orang Haria, marriage customs, socio-cultural regularities

Dis-Catchment Areas: The Need for Asymmetric Decentralization in Island Characteristic Areas

This paper aims to answer the call for studies on Indonesia has implemented symmetrical decentralization amidst regional diversity. However, in several areas characterized by islands (dis-catchment), local governments experience difficulties in utilizing their geographic resources efficiently to provide services and encourage development. This research addresses the issue by adapting decentralization policies to the needs of specific regions. It employs a qualitative approach, involving site visits to collect data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research uses the Spiral model with the help of N-Vivo 12 plus for data analysis. The research results show that services and development in this archipelagic region are not in harmony with its geographical conditions. Services and development tend to be concentrated in government capitals, so these services are expensive and resource-intensive to access in remote areas. Therefore, efforts are needed to reorganize this asymmetrical archipelagic area to better adapt to its unique geographical conditions, especially in an archipelagic country like Indonesia.

Measuring Teacher Personality Competence: Era 5.0 Challenges for Teachers in Indonesian Archipelago

Teachers in archipelagic regions face challenges such as limited access, geographical isolation, and cultural diversity, particularly in the Society 5.0 era. This study aims to assess the feasibility of an instrument for measuring teacher personality competency in this context. Using a quantitative approach, the study was conducted in Maluku Province, with a multistage random sample of 752 teachers from 94 schools. The instrument employed a modified four-point Likert scale, and data analysis was conducted using the PLS-SEM method to evaluate the measurement and structural models. Key findings include: 1) Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified six dominant factors and 29 items to measure teacher personality competency; 2) The measurement model demonstrated feasibility, with construct validity confirmed through convergent validity (loading factors 0.70 and Average Variance Extracted 0.50) and discriminant validity (Fornell-Larcker criterion and Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio 0.90). Reliability was supported by Cronbach’s Alpha, Rho_A, and composite reliability values all exceeding 0.70. These results indicate that the instrument is suitable for assessing teacher personality competency in island regions, helping address the challenges of the Society 5.0 era. The study has important implications for Indonesian education stakeholders, providing a validated tool to guide teacher performance evaluations.

Penyadaran Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Ketersediaan Produksi Tanaman Lokal Berkelanjutan di Negeri Sila Kecamatan Nusalaut Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

The results of local terrestrial natural resources in the archipelagic region, especially indigenous communities in the Petuanan region, are superior potential that they possess as assets, both individually and collectively. This ownership has economic value to support the welfare and fulfillment of family needs, from the perspective of community tradition or culture, the potential of local natural resources as an identity and inheritance of the value of managing and utilizing the surrounding nature from ancestors in the past to the present. In fact, the meaning of inheriting these values ​​is the strategic steps taken by parents in the past to provide local food availability for the benefit of continuing the economic security of their children and grandchildren in the future. If we look closely at the goals of the ancestors in the traditional areas of Maluku, they have the view that it is the responsibility of parents to provide certainty of life for their offspring, so that they can now be seen enjoying it. As a result of this pattern of action, the community is not aware of the rejuvenation process in the context of sustainability. Sila Village, Nusalaut District, Central Maluku Regency is relatively faced with this reality, therefore efforts need to be made to create awareness in community behavior regarding the importance of maintaining the sustainability of local plants as a superior potential to support the family economy in the future. This is also a strategic step to maintain the sustainability of local crop production and regional identity.

Design and analysis of a 20-feet modular cold storage system

Cold storage plays an essential role in the cold supply chain, especially for fishery products. Compact cold storage systems that can be easily moved across various locations are attractive for archipelagic regions. This study aims to design and analyze a 20-ft modular cold storage system. The design stages include the development of a geometrical model, calculation of cooling load, and selection of a refrigeration machine. The analysis of the designed cold storage system was performed using transient computational fluid dynamic simulations using Ansys Fluent. The compact 20-ft cold storage design consists of three main rooms: the anteroom, air blast freezer room, and freezer storage room. The calculation results showed a maximum cooling load of about 6.6 kW occurring in the air blast freezer room at noon. According to the temperature distribution from the transient computational fluid dynamic simulation, each room had different cooling characteristics, with the highest cooling rate of 94.59 W/h in the air blast freezer room, achieving a targeted temperature of −40 °C in 5 h.

Perbandingan Hipertensi pada Masyarakat Yang Tinggal di Pesisir Pulau Maitara dan Daerah Dataran Tinggi Gurabunga Tidore

Hypertension is a commonly encountered disease in daily clinical practice, but often goes unnoticed by its sufferers. Complications can occur in various organs, with the most significant being complications affecting the heart. The environment plays a role in hypertension, where inhabitants living in coastal areas tend to suffer from hypertension due to high sodium consumption, while in highland areas, hypertension is more influenced by acute hyperbaric hypoxia conditions, although its pathophysiology is not yet precisely known. Various studies have yielded diverse results. North Maluku Province is an archipelagic region with a large coastal area, and no research has been conducted there, prompting this study. An analytical observational study was conducted using a cross-sectional approach, focusing on the population of hypertensive individuals residing in the coastal area of Maitara and the highland area of Gurabunga, Tidore. Samples were consecutively selected until the required sample size was met. Variables examined included gender, age, occupation, salt consumption patterns, body mass index, ancestry, alcohol consumption habits, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Analysis was performed using an independent t-test when sample homogeneity conditions were met. Significant differences were found in some demographic-clinical variables. There was a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between the Gurabunga area and the coastal area of Maitara, but no significant difference was observed in systolic blood pressure.
 

The Battle of Interests between The Central Government and Local Governments: The Case of Drafting the Archipelagic Regions Law in Indonesia (2005-2014)

This paper discusses about conflict of interest between Central Government and local governments in the case of drafting the Archipelagic Regions Law in Indonesia (2005-2014). This study uses a qualitative approach using power interplay theory by Lowi (2009). The demands of archipelago region began in 2005 by requesting policy affirmation to The Central Government. The culmination of the archipelago region demands was the submission of the Draft Law on the Acceleration of Islands Regional Development to the House of Representatives in 2012-2013. Based on the research findings, there are several interests of the archipelagic regions in the submission of the Draft Law (RUU), as follows: the need for special regulations and the determination of budget allocations according to the characteristics of the archipelagic region. The Central Government’s rejection of the Draft Law (RUU) was based on the consideration that the substance of the demands of the archipelagic regions has been contained in various other laws, the phrase ‘archipelago’ is unidentify, recognised and regulated by international law of the sea and the 1945 Constitution. The conflict between the regional government of the eight islands and the central government occurred behind closed through government administration mechanisms and open conflicts through arguments in the mass media. Based on the findings of this research, the assumptions of power interplay theory are confirmed in the distributive policies model. In this model, the policy- making process tends to involve peaceful and collaborative negotiations. This is evident because there is no significant conflict between The Central Government and the islands in Indonesia. The impact of the rejection of Draft Law (RUU) on eight island regions is the inequality of development and the small development budget and many achievements of macro development indicators that are still below national achievements.

Analysis of Fiber Content and Antioxidant Activity of Bamboo Shoots (Dendrocalamus asper) to Support Functional Foods

The purpose of food consumption extends beyond meeting the body's nutritional requirements, increasingly emphasizing the potential of food as a form of medicine or health enhancer. Functional foods, which can be integrated into daily menus without specific dosage requirements, present a favorable nutritional option. In the archipelagic region of Southeast Sulawesi, characterized by extensive forests, bamboo shoots thrive abundantly. Consequently, the local community in this area has acknowledged and incorporated bamboo shoots as a dietary component. This study aims to explore the content of bamboo shoots and analyze protein, carbohydrate, and fiber levels. The research employs various methods, including phytochemical screening, alkaloid testing, flavonoid testing, saponin, tannin, triterpenoid, and steroid assessments, as well as content analysis, proximate analysis, carbohydrate analysis, and fiber level analysis. The study outcomes reveal the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids in bamboo shoots, with protein levels at 2.6 g/100 g, carbohydrate levels at 4.10 g/100 g, and fiber levels at 2.40 g/100 g. It can be concluded that bamboo shoots have important secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids and alkaloids, which may have health benefits such as being anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and inhibitory of allergies.

Screening of Bioactive Compounds of the Brown Algae Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh, 1848 From The Coastal Waters of Aboru Village, Central Maluku Indonesia

One of the most important communities in the seawater ecosystems is the brown algae where Turbinaria ornate is a brown alga species which is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. The bioactive components of T. ornata are beneficial for people living along the coast, particularly in Maluku region, an archipelagic region, as well as for the medical and pharmaceutical sectors. The research sample was the brown algae T.ornata obtained from the coastal waters of Aboru Village. Screening of bioactive compounds was carried out qualitatively using different reagents and indicated by the appropriate color change to ensure the presence of bioactive compounds which include phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and anthocyanins. This study's findings demonstrated that while triterpenoids, quinones, and anthocyanins were absent, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, and flavonoids were present in high concentrations. In conclusion, T. ornata includes bioactive compounds like tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steorids, phenolics, and flavonoids, according to this study's findings. Keywords: bioactive compound, brown algae, qualitative screening, Turbinaria ornata

Analysis of Potential Sectors in Tanimbar Islands Regency

Tanimbar Islands Regency, as one of the archipelagic regions in Indonesia, has rich economic potential. However, this potential has not been fully explored and utilized. The study of potential sector analysis in this district is important because it can provide a more in-depth view of economic opportunities that can be developed, contribute to local economic growth, and improve community welfare. This study aims to analyze potential sectors in Tanimbar Islands Regency. The main objective is to identify economic sectors that have potential for further development. In addition, this research also aims to understand the factors that influence economic potential in this district, as well as provide a baseline of information that can be used for future economic development planning. The research method involves collecting secondary data, such as economic statistical data, agricultural data, fisheries data, and other relevant data sources. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tools and economic data analysis techniques. In addition, the research also involved field surveys and interviews with local stakeholders to gain a deeper insight into potential sectors. The results of this study identified several potential sectors in Tanimbar Islands Regency, including agriculture, fisheries, tourism and human resource development. In addition, factors such as accessibility, infrastructure and capitalization also play an important role in the development of these sectors. With the right efforts, these sectors have the potential to contribute significantly to economic growth and improved welfare of the local community. The potential sector analysis study in Tanimbar Islands Regency highlights the economic opportunities that can be optimized to support the development of this area. By understanding the factors that influence economic potential, authorities can direct resources and development efforts more efficiently. By developing these potential sectors, it is expected to create employment opportunities, increase community income, and stimulate sustainable economic growth in Tanimbar Islands Regency.

Analisis Isu Dan Masalah Pembangunan Ekonomi Provinsi Kepuluan

One of the problems in economic development is the low level of connectivity between regions. This is the root of the problem of economic development in the archipelagic regions in Indonesia which is still lagging behind, so it has a big impact on the people. Even though it has enormous natural resource potential, in general the people in this island province are still poor. Many of the development goals implemented have not been achieved because there are still obstacles faced in the development process itself. This is actually the challenge of development to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people in general and the people in the archipelago region in particular. Various issues and problems are the biggest challenges to development, therefore it is very necessary to have appropriate solutions to overcome these various issues and problems so that development for the welfare of the people in the archipelago can run smoothly and the set development goals can be achieved.

The Distinctive Asymmetrical Decentralization in the Archipelagic Region: The Case of West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia

Decentralization has repercussions for the area in a variety of areas, including political, social, cultural, financial, defense and security, and public services, among others. Sumbawa Island and Lombok Island are the two principal islands that make up West Nusa Tenggara. There are 280 islands in all, 32 of which are inhabited. Sumbawa Island is one-third the size of Lombok Island in terms of area, but Lombok Island has a population that is about three times that of Sumbawa Island. This study contends that because the archipelagic region is not organized by its island-specific traits but rather around land-based development, this has the potential to exacerbate discrepancies between islands. This study found that, there are only minimal maritime authorities in the archipelagic province in managing archipelagic water, and there is fiscal and ethnic disparity between the Lombok and Sumbawa Islands. Moreover, there are inequalities in health care facilities and medical staff between Lombok and Sumbawa Island, the small population of Sumbawa Island has an impact on educational resources, and the maritime infrastructure on the other small islands surrounding Sumbawa Island is inadequate.

Specters of excess: Passing and policing in the Malay‐speaking archipelago

AbstractPositioned at the island interface of Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, the east Malaysian state of Sabah bears witness to some of the largest clandestine cross‐border flows across the globe. This article examines what a Royal Commission of Inquiry on Illegal Immigrants in Sabah has called “an insidious problem which has turned out to be an all‐consuming nightmare.” It highlights the situated (meta)semiotic work involved in determining and enforcing the state's seemingly indeterminate and unenforceable borders between citizens and suspected non‐citizens, while also showing how inquiries into migrant illegality are ultimately inquiries into “excess.” It demonstrates how experiences of and orientations to excess take expressive shape in migrants and Malaysians' fashions of speaking and forms of life. It concludes by considering how these transnational dynamics across a sprawling archipelagic region lend a provincializing angle of vision on American(ist) anthropology's own hemispheric parochialism.

The Natuna Regent's Leadership Style in 2021-2024 Period: A Leadership Characterized by Archipelagic Region

This research analyzed and described the leadership style of the Natuna Regent during the 2021-2024 period, which is characterized by the archipelagic regions. To achieve this, the Thoha theory comprising four types of leadership styles, namely directive, consultative, participative, and delegation, was employed. Furthermore, a qualitative approach with a descriptive design was employed, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The collected data were subsequently analyzed through data reduction and by drawing conclusions.The results showed that the Natuna Regent exhibits a collaborative leadership style that encompasses all four styles tailored to the specific needs of the organization. Supporting factors include the Regent's in-depth understanding of governance issues, non-authoritarian approach, welcoming attitude, strong communication skills, and encouragement of innovative ideas from all individuals. However, inhibiting factors include certain Regional Apparatus Organizations (RAO) that have not fully fulfilled their responsibilities, subordinates or RAO displaying unresponsiveness towards directives, and program implementation lacking sufficient support from the regional budget. Efforts to overcome these inhibiting factors in the leadership style of the Natuna Regent include encompassing consolidating relationships with all regional apparatus, establishing a shared mission and vision, fostering innovation among the regional apparatus and RAO heads, promoting collaboration through the Regional Leadership Coordination Forum (Forkopimda), and ensuring seamless task execution without obstacles.

Conceptual Design and Operation Plan of Floating Medical Wastes Treatment Facility for Archipelagic Area: A Case Study of Maluku and Papua

Indonesia has been facing considerable challenges in medical wastes management. In 2020, the medical wastes reached 294.66 tons/day, but the total capacity of the aggregate wastes treatment facilities nationally was only 224.23 tons/day. Maluku and Papua are Indonesia’s largest archipelagic region consisting of four provinces, which are included in the region with the lowest index of medical wastes management as well as the minimum number of medical wastes treatment facilities. The existing wastes treatment in Maluku and Papua does not meet the standards, it is carried out by open-air burning and open dumping. Therefore, the objective of this study is to create the conceptual design and operation plan of floating medical wastes treatment for archipelagic area. By using a multi-port relay operating pattern for each province, the medical wastes transport started from the hub point which was determined by using the centre of gravity method. Considering the number of medical wastes in each province so that the nonlinear programming method was used to determine the most optimum main dimensions of floating facility. The result obtained that the number of floating facilities required was four SPCB-type with costs overall by 63.14 billion IDR/year.

Determination of the Provincial Sea Area Boundary in Indonesia Archipelagic Regions using Cartometric Method

The marine areas management authority for provinces in Indonesia has so far been 12 miles from the coastline. The Draft Law of Republic of Indonesia concerning the Development Acceleration of Archipelagic Regions, which has been proposed since 2017 and is currently waiting for its ratification. It gives wider authority to provinces with archipelagic characteristics. The basis for determining the territorial sea boundaries of a province with archipelagic characteristics uses the principle of an archipelagic state, which is to draw the outermost line from the islands in the province. The method used to determine the boundaries of the area is cartometric method. Cartometric method is tracing/drawing boundary lines on work maps and measuring/calculation of points positions, distance, and area coverage using base maps other map as complementary. If this Draft Law is successfully ratified, then the area of marine management for the province with archipelagic characteristics will increase and there will be hope for increased welfare. The results of the study in 3 (provinces) with archipelagic characteristics, namely North Maluku Province, Maluku Province, and Riau Islands Province showed an increase in marine management area between 72.36% - 158.46%.

Identifying passenger preferences for alternative ferry transport hubs

The demand and preference for alternative ferry transport hubs are discussed using the region of the Aegean Archipelago as a case study. A complex network of connections among the islands and to the Greek peninsula serves the needs of tourism, transportation of goods and services, and islanders traveling to and from the mainland.However, this system has shortcomings; in particular, interconnections for many islands are only possible via the mainland ports of Greece. Interconnectivity among the islands is important for the economic, social, and territorial cohesion of the archipelago as well as to meet the needs of tourism. This study looks into passengers’ acceptance of two alternative minor island connection ports that would increase remote island connectivity. Econometric tools and a stated preferences survey were used to assess the acceptance of minor island hubs versus the existing major mainland maritime hubs. Discrete choice models were estimated in which the attributes of the alternatives include travel times, waiting times at the interchange hubs, fares, and selected socioeconomic parameters of the respondents. The results show a positive trend in favor of the proposed minor hub system. In conclusion, this innovative methodology could be used for policy testing and transferable to similar archipelagic regions.

Fluid Horizons

Abstract This article revisits Sinophone literature from the archipelagic region of the western Pacific to understand how thinking with and through the ocean shapes patterns of place-making and identity formation. Scrutinizing stories by Syaman Rapongan and Ng Kim Chew, the article shows how the ocean figures on several distinct registers: as the locale where these works unfold, as the object toward which their characters' yearnings and reflections are directed, and as a condition of being. Alternatively, the ocean can be read in the metaphorical and allegorical sense, as a device that allows their authors to critique (neo)colonial violence, the irruption of modernity, and especially the rigors of land-based and supposedly stable epistemologies. Against these, Rapongan and Ng posit what I call oceanic epistemologies, that is, systems and methods of knowledge drawn from and intertwined with the ocean as a condition of being on a terraqueous globe. The oceanic epistemologies in Sinophone literatures from littoral East and Southeast Asia allow us to rethink fundamental questions of being, identity, and history. They build upon, but methodologically move beyond, the critical apparatus offered by Sinophone literature.

Analysis of Obstacles and Difficulties in the Process of Implementing Learning for Students Based on the Learning Management System (LMS)

Indonesia is among the world's largest archipelagic regions, with thousands of tiny islands. So many people may not obtain a decent education, such as attending advanced learning. To conquer this circumstance, particularly in light of the unreleased impact of COVID-19 and the global scale crisis, which undoubtedly impacts education in general. Each method for adjusting to shifts in higher education employs a Learning Management System (LMS). This descriptive study uses secondary data and a phenomenological approach to analyze how lecturers prepare lecture material using LMS. This study approach indicates that not all lecturers have scheduled material that students can download at any time via LMS. Because it is necessary to prepare lecturers and support structures that can be easily accessed per applicable regulations to organize the LMS, efforts that can be made to overcome obstacles to the LMS implementation include requiring each lecturer to prepare lecture materials in a structured and timely manner, as well as monitoring. Students can then repeat material that they might have already missed. This is one ideal solution for shutting the achievement gap.

Estimation of Tidal Current Asymmetry in an Archipelagic Region: The Zhoushan Islands

Tidal current asymmetry (TCA) often occurs in coastal regions. It can significantly influence bedload sediment transport. Recently, the statistical skewness of the tidal current velocity was calculated to represent the TCA. In archipelagic region, the tidal current directions vary temporally and spatially from channel to channel. This creates complexity in finding the flood–ebb axis about which to discuss the axial dissymmetry of tidal currents. In the present work, a method that involves taking the main flood direction (MFD) as the axis to split the tidal current was suggested. The MFD is the most probable direction of the strongest flood flow during each tidal cycle. The method was applied in an archipelagic region: The Zhoushan Islands. The results show that the calculated skewness well represented the TCA in waters around islands, and the degree of the TCA was mainly determined by the residual current. When the direction of the residual current was the same as the MFD, the skewness was positive, which indicated flood dominance. On the contrary, when the direction of the residual current was opposite to the MFD, the skewness was negative, which indicated ebb dominance. The stronger a residual current is, the more significant the TCA will be. Islands play an important role in forming residual circulations. Large ones force flows to move offshore around headlands or along curved channels, because of centrifugal forcing, while small ones often cause segregated flood/ebb conduits and form residual circulations. In the waterways between the Zhoushan Islands, the ebb current generally carries more sediment than the flood current. Therefore, ebb dominance always means sediment is more likely to be deposited, and vice versa. Further research into sediment transport modeling is suggested.