Archetypal Research Articles

Longevity of posterior composite restorations in children suffering from early childhood caries-results from a retrospective study.

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate health status as a new patient risk factor and analyze its influence on the survival of posterior composite restorations in patients with early childhood caries (ECC). Patients who received dental treatment of ECC under general anesthesia (GA) and attended at least one follow-up visit were included in this study. A total of 907 patient records were evaluated retrospectively through patient examination forms and panoramic radiographs. Kaplan-Meier survival probability analysis with log-rank test was used to assess the posterior composite restorations' longevity up to 24 months. Furthermore, risk factors were determined using Cox regression multivariate analysis. A total of 5063 posterior composite restorations were assessed. Following the Cox regression analysis to determine the effect of risk factors on longevity of composite restorations, findings revealed that the survival probability of composite fillings was significantly lower in patients with systemic disease (p = 0.00). Filling materials were compared based on the survival probabilities and results were further discussed. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, and the survival of the restoration; however, the child's health status (p = 0.00) and caries risk status (p = 0.05) significantly affected survival. Moreover, the type of arch and pulp intervention influenced the restoration's survival. Systemic disease has a detrimental influence over longevity of composite restorations. Therefore, considering the reduced survival rates of the composite restorations for children who have systemic disease, alternative non-invasive treatment options should be considered. This study's novelty is the observation of drastically reduced survival of composite restorations in children with systemic disease.

Clinical characteristics in deciduous teeth associated with age and sex in preschoolers

Objetive : To determine the prevalence of clinical characteristics in deciduous dentition and its association with sex and age in children from 3 to 5 years old. Material and methods : It was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional and prospective study, whose sample consisted of 165 children enrolled in the garden of the “Nino Jesus” school during 2018. All related biosecurity measures and prior informed consent are applied. The data were recorded in clinical records, the observational , structured and participatory technique was use. Respect for the statistical analysis was by means of a descriptive statistic and Pearson’s Chi Square test. Results : they were as follows: the most prevalent molar relationship was the mesial step with 78.5%, as for the Baume arch type it was Iwith 37.6 %, the presence of primate spaces with 62.4% and 69.1% respectively. No diferences were found regarding the relationship with sex and age, since in sex the value was p=0.644 and in age p=0.397. Conclusions : obtained a prevalence of 74.5% of children with at least one clinical characteristic of future predisposition to malocclusion in dentition. There were no statistically specific differences between the association of these clinical characteristic of malocclusion with sex and age.

Application of pigtail catheter tailing combined with long-wire swapping technique in cerebral angiography via the right radial artery.

The safety and feasibility of transradial approach for cerebral angiography has been confirmed previously. However, this approach has been limited used due to the difficulty during the procedure. This study aimed to introduce a pigtail catheter tailing and long-wire swapping technique to improve the success rate without increasing complications.From August 2015 to December 2018, 560 patients who underwent cerebral angiography via transradial approach were recruited. The data including the type of aortic arch, type of Simmon catheter were collected.The loop was successfully constructed in 553 patients using Simmon-2 or Simmon-1 catheter. Of these patients, 72 patients successfully underwent cerebral and renal angiography, while 481 patients underwent cerebral angiography. The time for angiography was 52.87 ± 11.23 minutes and 47.8 ± 11.8 minutes, respectively. There were 369 (66.7%), 135 (24.4%), and 49 (8.9%) patients with type I, type II, and type III aortic arches, respectively, and their success rates of looping using Simmon-2 catheter were 97.8%, 97.0%, and 89.8%, respectively. The success rates of angiography in the right internal carotid artery, right vertebral artery, left internal carotid artery, and left vertebral artery were 100%, 100%, 98.9%, and 98.9%, respectively. No serious complications were observed in all patients.The pigtail catheter tailing and long guidewire swapping is considered as a safe procedure with high success rate for loop construction using a Simmon-2 catheter through the right radial artery, subsequently improving the success rate as well as the efficiency of angiography.

Regression models application for analysis and forecasting of the financial activity quality indicators of the company

The company's success forecasting problem based on its financial indicators by regression models was studied in this research. Models based on linear multiple regression, autoregression with moving average, autoregression with integrated moving average, and seasonal model of autoregression with integrated moving average were built to predict the absolute value of financial indicators. An experimental study was performed on real data, and forecasting was made based on regression models. The models based on the method of group method of data handling and autoregressive neural network were developed. Heteroskedastic models with variable volatility such as ARCH and GARCH type were used to predict the volatility of the financial series. Preliminary data processing using the Holt-Winters method and the Kalman filter were applied to improve the model's quality and forecasting accuracy significantly. Authors suggested and developed a combination of seasonal autoregression with integrated moving average and heteroskedastic models that allowed them to consider the seasonal effects and trends inherent in the financial series and obtain high forecasts for financial indicators.

A system for designing removable partial dentures using artificial intelligence. Part 1. Classification of partially edentulous arches using a convolutional neural network.

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for classifying dental arches using a convolutional neural network (CNN) as the first step in a system for designing removable partial dentures. Using 1184 images of dental arches (maxilla: 748 images; mandible: 436 images), arches were classified into four arch types: edentulous, intact dentition, arches with posterior tooth loss, and arches with bounded edentulous space. A CNN method to classify images was developed using Tensorflow and Keras deep learning libraries. After completion of the learning procedure, the diagnostic accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure and area under the curve (AUC) for each jaw were calculated for diagnostic performance of learning. The classification was also predicted using other images, and percentages of correct predictions (PCPs) were calculated. The PCPs were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy was 99.5% for the maxilla and 99.7% for the mandible. The precision, recall, and F-measure for both jaws were 0.25, 1.0 and 0.4, respectively. The AUC was 0.99 for the maxilla and 0.98 for the mandible. The PCPs of the classifications were more than 95% for all types of dental arch. There were no significant differences among the four types of dental arches in the mandible. The results of this study suggest that dental arches can be classified and predicted using a CNN. Future development of systems for designing removable partial dentures will be made possible using this and other AI technologies.

Flow field generated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator in quiescent air at initiation stage

A single Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator driven by Alternating Current (AC) power, capable of inducing a starting vortex and a wall jet in quiescent air, is suited for low-Reynolds-number flow control. However, the starting vortex and the wall jet are usually observed after the plasma actuator has been operated for dozens of and hundreds of cycles of the voltage, respectively. The detail of the induced flow field at the initiation stage of the plasma actuator has rarely been addressed. At the initiation stage, a thin jet that provides the impetus for the entrainment of the induced flow at the beginning of the plasma actuation is first observed by using a high-accuracy phase-lock Schlieren technique and a high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. This is the initial form of the momentum transfer from the plasma to the fluid. Then, an arched type jet is created by the plasma actuator. In addition, the whole development process of the induced flow field from the starting point of the thin jet to the quasi-steady stage of wall jet is presented for providing a comprehensive understanding of the plasma actuator and proposing a relevant enhancement of the numerical simulation model.

Three-dimensional multiscale flow structures behind a wall-mounted short cylinder based on tomographic particle image velocimetry and three-dimensional orthogonal wavelet transform.

Three-dimensional (3D) flow structures around a wall-mounted short cylinder of height-to-diameter ratio 1 were instantaneously measured by a high-resolution tomographic particle image velocimetry (Tomo-PIV) at Reynolds number of 10 720 in a water tunnel. 3D velocity fields, 3D vorticity, the Q criterion, the rear separation region, and the characteristic of arch type vortex and tip vortices were first discussed. We found a strong 3D W-type arch vortex behind the short cylinder, which was originated by the interaction between upwash and downwash flows. This W-type arch vortex was reshaped to the M-shaped arch vortex downstream. It indicated that the head shape of the arch vortex structure depended on the aspect ratio of the cylinder. The large-scale streamwise vortices were originated by the downwash and upwash flows near the center location of W-type arch vortex. Then the 3D orthogonal wavelet multiresolution technique was developed to analyze instantaneous 3D velocity fields of Tomo-PIV in order to clarify 3D multiscale wake flow structures. The W-type shape arch vortex was extracted in the time-averaged intermediate-scale structure, while an M-shaped arch vortex was identified in the time-averaged large-scale structure. The tip vortices distributed in the time-averaged large- and intermediate-scale structures. The instantaneous intermediate-scale upwash vortices played an essential role in producing W-type head of arch structure. It was also observed that strong small-scale vortices appeared in the shear layer or near the bottom plate and most of them were contained in the intermediate-scale structures.

Anatomical Suitability of the Aortic Arch Arteries for a 3-Inner-Branch Arch Endograft

Purpose: To analyze aortic arch anatomy of patients who were already treated with a 2-inner-branch arch endograft (2-IBAE) in order to assess the anatomical suitability of the supra-aortic arteries as target vessels for a 3-IBAE. Materials and Methods: Three different configurations of the Cook Zenith Arch endograft were designed with distances of 110 mm (model 1), 90 mm (model 2), and 70 mm (model 3) between the orifices of the first and third inner branches. Preoperative measurements of the aortic arch anatomy from 104 consecutive patients treated electively with custom-made 2-IBAEs at 2 European centers between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. A previously described standard methodology with a planning sheet was used. Data and measurements included the treatment indication for the aortic arch pathology, the type of landing zone, the type of arch, and the inner and outer lengths of the ascending aorta from the sinotubular junction to the innominate artery (IA). Additionally, the diameters and clock positions of the IA, left common carotid artery (LCCA), and left subclavian artery (LSA) were assessed, along with the distances between the IA and the LCCA, the IA and the LSA, and the distal landing zone. Results: Type I was the most common arch configuration (75/104, 72%). The mean clock positions were 12:30±00:28 for the IA, 12:00±00:23 for the LCCA, and 12:15±00:29 for the LSA. The mean diameters were 14.2±2.2 mm for the IA, 8.8±1.8 mm for the LCCA, and 10.5±2 mm for the LSA. The mean distances between the IA and LCCA and between the IA and LSA were 14.7±5.8 mm and 33±9.4 mm, respectively. Model 2 (branch distance 90 mm) had the highest suitability (79%), while models 1 and 3 showed suitability rates of 73% and 68%, respectively. The most frequent exclusion criterion in all models was the diameter of the LSA, followed by the IA to LSA distance. Conclusion: The suitability for a 3-IBAE among patients who had a 2-IBAE implanted is high, favoring a 90-mm distance between the retrograde LSA branch and baseline.

New in Old: Simplified Equations for Linear-elastic Symmetric Arches and Insights on Their Behavior

Closed-form equations for determination of reactions and internal forces of linear-elastic symmetric arches with constant cross-sections are derived. The derivation of the equations was initially made for segmental, threehinged, two-hinged, and hingeless arches. Not all derived equations are simple, but still not excessively complex to apply, and they reveal several new insights into the structural behavior of arches. The first is an extremely simple approximate equation for horizontal reactions of a hingeless arch under self-weight, which could be also applied with excellent accuracy to catenary and parabolic arches, and with a desirable level of accuracy to two- and three-hinged arches with a relatively wide range of geometries. The second insight is an approximately linear relationship between reactions and between internal forces of arches with different structural systems, which helps understand the global structural behavior of arches in a new way and enables inference of some other insights presented in the paper. The third insight reflects the relationships between normal force distribution and its eccentricity in different types of arches. Finally, the fourth insight regards the comparison of behavior of arches under the self-weight with those loaded with uniformly distributed load along their span.

Jinsha River Bridge, China: the world's first double-deck road and high-speed railway arch bridge

The Jinsha River rail–road double-deck arch bridge (bridge designed to 250 km/h) of the Chengdu–Guiyang high-speed railway (HSR) (designed to 350 km/h) is a complex system with a novel structure in China. The upper deck carries a four-track railway while the lower deck carries a six-lane urban expressway, with a height difference of 32 m. The bridge is located in the mountainous river reach of the city of Yibin. The 336 m main span adopts a high-pier, rigid steel frame, parallel tied-arch structure, built using cantilevers and temporary stay cables with the cable crane method. The 116 m and 120 m side-arches are reinforced concrete, simply-supported, basket-lifting tied-arches built by the mass cast in situ method. The rare layered structure gathers different arch types (top-bared, bottom-bared and half-through arches) into one bridge, which brought significant challenges to its design and construction. Other innovative solutions included flexible hangers passing through rigid hangers for the layered stiffening decks, ultra-high-performance concrete for the steel orthotropic deck road pavement and the use of boat shipments to overcome the scarce availability of flat land at the site. This paper describes some of the salient design and construction challenges of this landmark structure, the world's first double-deck HSR arch bridge.

Alternative Access in Congenital Heart Disease

Limited arterial vascular access precluded necessary transcatheter intervention in a 22-year-old woman with repaired interrupted aortic arch type B. Alternative transcaval vascular access enabled percutaneous therapy. This practice evolution is likely to benefit the growing numbers of adults with congenital heart disease. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)

Sequência didática para o ensino de ondas gravitacionais e interferência no ensino médio

Este trabalho conduz uma sugestão de ensino de ondas gravitacionais e interferência, para estudantes do ensino médio por meio da aplicação de uma sequência didática elaborada em consonância com a teoria da Aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e a teoria do Alinhamento construtivo de Biggs e Tang. Trata-se da análise da aplicação de uma sequência didática arquitetada para facilitar o trabalho docente desde o planejamento até a execução das ações e avaliação da aprendizagem de física, servindo assim como motivação para produções de novas sequências, construídas pelos próprios professores, tendo em consideração a apropriação desta ferramenta como arquétipo. É uma pesquisa de campo e reúne uma série de atividades, dentro e fora de sala de aula, sistematicamente preparadas e organizadas para o alcance dos objetivos de aprendizagem preliminarmente propostos, e utiliza-se de mecanismos como experimentação e utilização de TICs, dando ao estudante um papel mais ativo e autônomo na construção da própria aprendizagem tornando-a mais eficiente e significativa que é resultado pretendido.

Blast responses and damage evaluation of concrete protective arches reinforced with BFRP bars

To develop corrosion resistant arches in waterfront protective engineering, basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars and hybrid BFRP-steel bars are applied to build concrete arches to replace traditional steel bars. Four types of arches with different reinforcements were designed and casted for the in-field explosion experiment. The scaled distance changes from 0.542 m/kg1/3 to 0.108 m/kg1/3 for a total of 14 explosion tests. The arches suffer five levels of damage, from none damage, slight damage, medium damage, severe damage and complete collapse, judged from cracks and spalling at the vault. The exploded arches were also compressed quasi-statically to check their residual load carrying capacity, which is obviously reduced by severe spalling. In current experiments, the BFRP bars reinforced arch (BBRA) has comparable or even better blast-resistance than the steel bars reinforced arch (SBRA). A theoretical analysis based on improved finite differential method was proposed to predict the dynamic response of the BBRA. According to the research, BBRAs with excellent corrosion resistance and blast resistance could replace SBRAs in waterfront protective structures.

A new borne with very complex aortic anatomy: diagnosis and treatment challenge\u2014case report

BackgroundInterrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a congenital malformation of the aortic arch which involves 3 out of 1 million live births. This congenital anomaly rarely occurs as an isolated lesion and is often associated with other intracardiac malformations, most commonly ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The diagnosis and surgical treatment of aortic interruption is usually challenging and may require multiple operations throughout the patient’s life.Case presentationThis case represents a neonate with interrupted aortic arch (type B) and a very long segment of descending aorta hypoplasia and complex anatomy. The patient escaped early diagnosis at birth and presented few days later by a picture that mimicked severe sepsis and shock.His aortic anatomy was very complex and he was treated with long extra-anatomical aortic interposition graft.ConclusionAortic interruption is a rare congenital anomaly and is considered an extreme form of aortic coarctation.It sometimes escapes early diagnosis due to the presence of patent ductus arteriosus and present later with shock and lactic acidosis. Sometimes the aortic anatomy is very complex and requires unusual surgical techniques for its repair.

Right-sided Aortic Arch with Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery in a Pregnant Female: A Case Report and Literature Review

Right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery is a rare variant of vascular anatomy. Three types of right-sided aortic arches are described and classified based on the arrangement of the aortic arch vessels, the presence or absence of congenital heart abnormalities, the relationship of the aortic arch to the trachea and esophagus, as well as the presence or absence of a complete or incomplete vascular ring. On review of the existing literature, 31 case reports were found with a spectrum of clinical presentation sand outcomes. In this case report, we highlight a case of a young female in her early 20'swho presented with choking spells, shortness of breath along with intermittent dysphagia since childhood. She was otherwise healthy and pregnant at 26 weeks gestational age. A Computed tomography scan with angiography (CTA) of the thorax was performed to rule out a pulmonary embolism (PE) however surprisingly, a right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery was revealed instead. Subsequently, an extensive literature review was carried out to better understand clinical presentation sand treatment strategies for this rather rare disorder.

Konya Sultan Selim (Süleymaniye) Camii Biçim Özellikleri ve Müellif Mimar Meselesine Bir Katkı

Sultan Selim Mosque is an important classical period work located to the west of Mevlânâ Dervish Lodge in Konya, and there are various opinions about the date of construction, the patron and identity of the architect. Due to the absence of inscriptions, foundation records, construction exploration books or in-state correspondence, it is important to turn directly to the mosque, which is one of the sultan mosques that Mimar Sinan was responsible for due to his position. As a method, with current surveys and on-site measurements, the lists that have previously been made in the catalog study on Mimar Sinan period mosques in Istanbul were benefited from. As a result, for the first time in the Sultan Selim Mosque, the interior space, the narthex and the arch types used in the facades were classified in terms of establishment principles and it was possible to evaluate them with other structures in which they were used. As a result, the building’s similarities with the important buildings built in the capital were revealed by this research during the period when Mimar Sinan was acting as the architect, and conclusions were reached to support the claims that point to 1560 and beyond as the date of construction. In addition to space measurements, wall designs and arch configurations, which are among the parameters used in the comparison of the mosques built in the Mimar Sinan period in Istanbul, the issue of the use of ratio in plan and section planes has emerged as a new title, and in this context the research needs to be continued. Although the comments about the overall expression of the building were confirmed with concrete data, the work, which appears as a mature and distinguished example among the buildings it is contemporary in, is waiting to be handled with new studies in this direction. 

Prognostic factors for the survival of primary molars following pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate: a retrospective cohort study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential factors influencing the success rates of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy performed in primary molars. A total of 347 teeth treated between March 2012 and December 2016 in 258 patients, with a mean age of 5.3 ± 1.7years, were included in the analysis. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to analyze were used time to failure. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to evaluate the clinical factors associated with failures. The mean (standard deviation) follow-up period was 35.8 (19.6) months. Within 84months, the survival rate was 87.1%. In multivariate Cox regression, treatment performed in lower primary molars had a lower survival rate than upper primary molars (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.38, P = 0.012). Caries extension below the cemento-enamel junction had more risk of failure (HR = 10.9, P < 0.001). Final restoration using resin-modified glass ionomer or amalgam (direct filling) had a lower survival rate than stainless steel crown (HR = 5.62, P = 0.002). Clinical variables such as arch type, degree of caries extension, and type of final restoration may affect the survival of primary molars following MTA pulpotomy. The results of this study indicate that specific clinical variables can be used to predict the prognosis of MTA pulpotomy in primary teeth, and estimate the risk of treatment failure. Assessments of these variables should be performed in the context of evidence-based clinical decision making.

Vessel diameter and catheter-to-vessel ratio affect the success rate of clot aspiration

BackgroundA direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) is an efficient, safe, cost-effective, and fast thrombectomy technique.ObjectiveTo evaluate anatomical and clot characteristics associated with success of the aspiration component as part...

Dynamic Analysis of Semi-Circular Dry-Joint Masonry Arches: Small-Scale Experiment and Discrete Element Modeling

This study presents a numerical investigation of the dynamic behavior of dry-joint unreinforced semi-circular masonry arches using the discrete element method (DEM). Masonry arches are analyzed as a system of rigid blocks, mechanically interacting with each other through relative contact displacements. First, the applied modeling strategy is validated using a small-scale tilting experiment performed on a 3D printed arch model and a custom-made rotatable platform. Then, quasi-static and dynamic analysis analyses are performed on computational models to better understand the seismic capacity of the masonry arches depending on the frequency content of the excitations, thickness-to-radius ratios, scale of the arch, and the contact stiffness values. The results of the analyses reveal the capabilities of the discrete element models on the simulation of masonry arches. Particular findings include these types of arches’ vulnerability to excitations lower than 2 Hz dominant frequency. Furthermore, the impact of scale and slenderness become more pronounced for frequencies greater than 2 Hz. Finally, it is observed that once contact stiffness values are larger than 10 GPa/m, the effect of this parameter is negligible; but it should be carefully selected at lower values.

Impact of foot arch type and minimalist footwear on static postural stability

Intrinsic factors such as foot arch type and extrinsic factors such as footwear are among the main contributors for a higher lower extremity injury incidence due to their impact on postural stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of foot type and two types of Vibram™ five fingers footwear on static postural stability. Twenty-four healthy males (age 21.38 ± 2.50 years, height 1.74 ± 0.06 m, mass 71.24 ± 10.37 kg) were recruited and categorized into neutral, pronated and supinated categories according to the foot posture index 6. Participants were tested on the barefoot condition first, followed by two types of minimalist Vibram™ footwear [Vibram™ Bikila (VB) and Vibram™ Trek ascent (VT)] in a counterbalanced manner. Static balance was tested on a stable and unstable surface under the following conditions: bilateral eyes open (BL EO), bilateral eyes closed (BL EC), unilateral eyes open (UL EO) and unilateral eyes closed (UL EC)]. The results revealed a significant footwear main effect for the stable BL EO, stable UL EC, and unstable UL EC conditions with greater balance performance in the barefoot condition compared to shod conditions. In the unstable UL EO condition, shod conditions elicited greater balance performance compared to bare feet. Overall, VT had greater balance performance compared to VB. Foot type did not demonstrate a significant impact on static balance. In conclusion, the barefoot condition elicited greater static balance performance in all conditions except during extremely challenging sensory conditions where VT was found to be the footwear of choice, which can be attributed to its design characteristics.