Archaeological monuments of Saqqara region are affected bycracking, weathering and man-made actions that have resulted indifferent types of deterioration in the long run. Accordingly historicalmasonry tombs in Saqqara require a full characterization of thematerials used for their construction, before any restoration processes. The assessment of the mechanical and physical characteristicsof the building materials is based on visual observation, samplingof the building materials used and laboratory testing of the samples(bulk density, porosity, water absorption, optical microscope, polarizing microscope (PM), XRD, SEM, compressive strength, …etc.).The present study is concerned with the restoration and reconstruction of a masonry tomb in Saqqara (Tomb of Queen Khenut),which over the years suffered significant damage due to variousdeterioration actions. Limestone used in the construction of historicalbuildings in Saqqara is classified as carbonates and salts withcarbonate fragments stone. The stone is composed of carbonatecuttings; each of them is broclastic limemud stone to weak stone.This structure generally presents heterogeneous granular texture;with a very rare matrix and low cementation level between the internalcomponents, causing a fair development of intergranular porosity.The values of bulk density are ranging from 2.22 to 2.33 gm/cm3.Otherwise, the results of porosity reveal remarkable differencesbetween the different samples. Also the stone has low compressivestrength values (The uniaxial compressive strength values variedfrom 96 to 104 Kg/cm2), due to the defects in its internal structureand decaying products. Finally, a damage description was carriedout to identify the decaying forms. It is the basis for the quantitativerating of limestone damage by means of damage forms and products.Limestone in Queen Khenut's Tomb exhibits the need for restorationand preservation procedures.